The Nationalist Party (Irish: An Páirtí Náisiúnach)[1] was the continuation of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), and was formed after the partition of Ireland, by the Northern Ireland-based members of the IPP.
Nationalist Party | |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1918 |
| Dissolved | 1977 |
| Preceded by | Irish Parliamentary Party |
| Merged into | Irish Independence Party |
| Ideology | Irish nationalism |
| Colours | Green |
History
editDespite conventionally being referred to as a single organisation, the party long existed only as a loose network of small groups, generally operating in a single constituency. Its candidates for both Westminster and Stormont elections were selected by conventions organised on a constituency basis. These arrangements changed in 1966, when a single organisation covering the whole of Northern Ireland was established.[2]
The Nationalist Party did not enter the first House of Commons of Northern Ireland despite winning six seats in the 1921 general election. Leader Joe Devlin took his seat shortly after the 1925 general election and his colleagues followed gradually by October 1927.[3] Intermittently thereafter the party engaged in further periods of abstention, to protest against the "illegal" partition of Ireland. In 1965, it agreed to become the official opposition party in the House of Commons.[4][5]
This was one of the catalysts of the civil rights movement in Northern Ireland. The party became involved in the Derry civil rights march in October 1968, which ended in violence amidst allegations of police brutality. As a result, the party withdrew from its role as official opposition on 15 October 1968, following the controversy of two weeks earlier.[5]
The party developed a reputation for being disorganised and being little more than a collection of elected members with their own local machines. Many calls were made for the party to develop an overall organisation but it fell apart in the late 1960s.[6] Earlier, many members had formed the National Democratic Party (NDP) after attempts at reform failed. The NDP merged into the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) at that party's foundation in 1970 and many remaining nationalists followed them. One of the Nationalist Party's last electoral contests was the 1973 election for the Assembly created as part of the Sunningdale Agreement. The lack of success in that election meant that the inevitable outcome was obvious, although a handful of councillors were elected to Omagh District Council and Derry City Council in 1973 and 1977. In October 1977,[7] the party merged with Unity to form the Irish Independence Party which also included non-aligned republicans. Although it was successful for a while in capturing the Republican vote, it faded from view due to the rise of Sinn Féin in the early 1980s.
Leaders
edit- Joseph Devlin 1918–1934
- Thomas Joseph Campbell 1934–1945
- James McSparran 1945–1958
- Joseph Francis Stewart 1958–1964
- Eddie McAteer 1964–1969
- Roderick O'Connor 1969–1972
Following the abolition of Stormont, Eddie McAteer became the effective party leader, while his son Fergus McAteer gradually assumed greater importance.
Electoral performance
edit- See Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland) election results for results in the United Kingdom House of Commons
This chart shows the electoral performance of the Nationalist Party in elections to the Northern Ireland House of Commons
| Election | Seats won | ± | Position | First Pref votes | % | Government | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 6 / 52
|
|
3rd | 60,577 | 11.8% | Abstention | Joseph Devlin |
| 1925 | 10 / 52
|
 4
|
2nd
|
91,452 | 23.8% | Opposition | Joseph Devlin |
| 1929 | 11 / 52
|
1
|
2nd
|
34,069 | 11.7% | Opposition | Joseph Devlin |
| 1933 | 9 / 52
|
 2
|
2nd
|
22,269 | 11.7% | Opposition | Joseph Devlin |
| 1938 | 8 / 52
|
1
|
2nd
|
16,167 | 4.9% | Opposition | T. J. Campbell |
| 1945 | 10 / 52
|
2
|
2nd
|
32,546 | 9.1% | Opposition | T. J. Campbell |
| 1949 | 9 / 52
|
1
|
2nd
|
101,445 | 26.8% | Opposition | James McSparran |
| 1953 | 7 / 52
|
2
|
2nd
|
27,796 | 10.8% | Opposition | James McSparran |
| 1958 | 7 / 52
|
|
2nd
|
36,013 | 14.9% | Opposition | Joe Stewart |
| 1962 | 9 / 52
|
2
|
2nd
|
45,860 | 15.1% | Opposition | Joe Stewart |
| 1965 | 9 / 52
|
|
2nd
|
26,748 | 8.2% | Opposition | Eddie McAteer |
| 1969 | 6 / 52
|
3
|
2nd
|
42,315 | 7.6% | Opposition | Eddie McAteer |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Diarmaid Ua Bruadair. "Caidrimh ag athrú" (PDF). St Mary’s University College. Belfast. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 December 2019.
- ^ Craig, F. W. S. (1968). British Parliamentary Election Statistics 1918–1968. Glasgow: Political Reference Publications. p. x. ISBN 0900178000.
- ^ Lynn, Brendan (21 March 2016). "The Irish Anti-Partition League and the political realities of partition, 1945–9". Irish Historical Studies. 34 (135): 321–332: 323. doi:10.1017/S0021121400004508. JSTOR 30008673. S2CID 156001157.
- ^ Tonge, Jonathan (2013). Northern Ireland: Conflict and Change. London/New York: Routledge. pp. 26–27. ISBN 9781317875185. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
- ^ a b "A Chronology of the Conflict – 1968". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
- ^ Lynn, Brendan. "CAIN: Politics: Lynn, B. (1997), Holding the Ground the Nationalist Party in Northern Ireland, 1945–1972". CAIN. Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ "CAIN: Abstracts of Organisations – 'I'". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010.