National Radical Organization (Polish: Narodowa Organizacja Radykalna) was a Polish collaborationist pro-Nazi organization, founded following the 1939 German invasion of Poland by Andrzej Świetlicki and Stanisław Trzeciak.[1][2]
In March 1940, NOR co-organized with Germany a series of assaults on houses and shops of Warsaw Jews, known as the Easter pogrom. During the incidents, NOR representatives appealed to the Polish society to participate in pogroms, to join the organization and to collaborate with the Nazis against the Soviet Union. The organization even justified Poland's defeat in the September campaign of 1939 as a fault of the Sanation party and accepted the loss of Western lands to Germany. "Attack" was the paramilitary wing of the party, operating especially during the Easter pogrom. They were responsible for marking Aryan stores with the symbol of the Top Cross.[3]
The National Radical Organization received from the German military authorities the former premises of the Young Poland Union in Aleja Ujazdowskie in Warsaw, Andrzej Świetlicki was assigned the former apartment of Julian Tuwim.[4] NOR was initially supported by the German military administration and military intelligence (Abwehr and Gestapo).[citation needed]
After the takeover of power by the civil administration of the General Government and after the ban on cooperation with political organizations in Poland issued by Hitler in April 1940, the NOR was deprived of protection and cooperation from the Nazis. In May 1940, Świetlicki was arrested and imprisoned in Pawiak. On June 20, 1940, he was shot in Palmiry. Two other NOR activists, Wojciech Kwasieborski and Tadeusz Lipkowski, were also executed in this massacre. Consequently, the NOR was dissolved in June 1940. Trzeciak was executed by the Germans in 1944.[5]
Notable members of the NOR
edit- Andrzej Świetlicki (1915–1940)
- Stanisław Trzeciak (1873–1944)
- Władysław Studnicki (1867–1953)
- Stanisław Brochwicz (1910–1941)
References
edit- ^ Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 523. ISBN 9781576079409.
- ^ Ringelblum, Emanuel (1992). Polish-Jewish Relations During the Second World War. Northwestern University Press. p. 193. ISBN 9780810109636.
- ^ Lameński, Lechosław. (2007). Stach z Warty Szukalski i Szczep Rogate Serce. Lublin: Wydawn. KUL. ISBN 9788373635548. OCLC 176888498.
- ^ Popiołek, Bożena (2013-12-31). "Magdalena z Tarłów Lubomirska (zm. 1728), wojewodzina krakowska. Próba biografii". Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie. 18 (1): 434–453. doi:10.15804/ksm201329. ISSN 1643-6911.
- ^ Antoni Dudek; Grzegorz Pytel (1990). Bolesław Piasecki – próba biografii politycznej. Londyn. p. 109.
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