Napoleon Dynamite is a 2012 American six-episode adult animated satirical slapstick comedy television miniseries created by Jared and Jerusha Hess for the Fox Broadcasting Company. It is based on the 2004 film of the same name, which both Hesses directed and co-wrote. Mike Scully helped develop the miniseries.[1] Set in the small town of Preston, Idaho, it follows the adventures of the titular 16-year-old boy who thinks he is skilled at everything.
Napoleon Dynamite | |
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Genre | |
Created by | Jared Hess Jerusha Hess |
Based on | Napoleon Dynamite by Jared Hess |
Developed by |
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Written by |
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Directed by |
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Voices of | |
Theme music composer |
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Composers |
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Country of origin | United States |
Original language | English |
No. of episodes | 6 |
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Executive producers |
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Editor | Lee Harting |
Running time | 22 minutes |
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Original release | |
Network | Fox |
Release | January 29 March 4, 2012 | –
The miniseries received negative reviews from critics with the slow pacing and humor receiving criticism, though its faithfulness to the source material received a slightly more positive reaction. The miniseries' premiere episode had a Nielsen rating of 9.5 million viewers, but the ratings later dropped and the last four episodes averaged only 4 million viewers. The miniseries ranked sixth in viewership among teenagers. The miniseries aired on Fox's Animation Domination line-up from 15 January 2012 to 4 March 2012 before it was cancelled.
History
editMarried couple Jared and Jerusha Hess were co-writers and directors of the 2004 film Napoleon Dynamite, and had wanted to do an animated TV miniseries version since the film's release. They thought animation was the best way to continue the world of Napoleon Dynamite as the original actors had grown too old to play teenage characters.[2] Following the film's success, Fox Searchlight Pictures wanted a sequel, but the Hesses delayed due to commitments to other projects and fear that audiences would tire of the Napoleon Dynamite characters.[2]
Development of the miniseries began in 2009 when Jared Hess met with writer-producer Mike Scully to propose an animated TV miniseries version of the film to him. Scully stated that "Napoleon Dynamite as an animated television miniseries made "perfect sense" to him, and the two presented a nine-minute pilot episode to Fox in 2010.[3] That May, Fox officially confirmed that an animated television miniseries with the original cast was in development with close involvement from the Hesses.[4] Fox placed an order for six episodes as a trial run,[5] and in July 2011 ordered seven additional scripts to be put into production if the miniseries was renewed for a second season.[6] The miniseries was overseen by the Hesses and Scully.[7]
The miniseries premiered on January 15, 2012, as a mid-season replacement for the animated television series Allen Gregory.[8] During its six-episode run, Napoleon Dynamite had no consistent schedule; it was constantly shifted on the Fox schedule in favor of football and award shows.[9] On May 15, 2012, Fox announced a schedule for its 2012–13 season that dropped Napoleon Dynamite from the listings.[10]
Premise
editThe Hesses set the miniseries towards the end of the Napoleon Dynamite film;[2] Scully said they transferred the characters and premise, but not the events of the film.[9]
In the film, set in the small town of Preston, Idaho, Napoleon (Jon Heder) is an awkward 16-year-old boy who loves practicing ninja moves, dancing, and drawing pictures of a liger, an animal he says is bred for its skills in magic. He also invents stories about himself: hunting wolverines in Alaska, having an Oklahoman girlfriend, and that a gang wants him to join because of his skill with a bo staff. His brother Kip (Aaron Ruell) is an unemployed 32-year-old; flimsy and gawky, he is the target of Napoleon's outlashes, although he often brags of his wrestling abilities and overall coolness; he spends his days in an internet chat room talking to a woman named Lafawnduh. The two live with their grandmother, Carlinda (Sandy Martin), who enjoys riding all-terrain vehicles.
Deborah "Deb" Bradshaw (Tina Majorino) is a shy, quiet, sweet, and artistically inclined girl who is infatuated with Napoleon upon first meeting him. Napoleon's uncle Rico (Jon Gries) is a middle-aged man and former high-school athlete who lives in a camper van and is obsessed with his failed football career. He frequently performs get rich quick schemes, believing riches will help him get over his crushed dreams of NFL stardom. Rex Kwon Do (Diedrich Bader) is a self-declared martial-arts master who runs a dojo in town.
Napoleon also becomes friends with a Mexican exchange student named Pedro Sánchez (Efren Ramirez) who rarely conveys emotion or speaks. Pedro runs for class president after seeing a poster at the school dance. On the election day, he gives a mediocre speech in front of the student body. Napoleon does a dance routine as Pedro's skit for the election and receives a standing ovation, saving the campaign and winning Pedro the election. Following the campaign, Kip and Lafawnduh meet each other in real life and are wed.[11]
Jared Hess has stated that this miniseries takes place after Pedro's election, but before the marriage, and several new characters are introduced.[11]
Cast
edit- Jon Heder as Napoleon Dynamite
- Aaron Ruell as Kipland Dynamite
- Sandy Martin as Grandma Carlinda Dynamite
- Efren Ramirez as Pedro Sánchez
- Tina Majorino as Deborah Bradshaw
- Jon Gries as Uncle Rico
- Diedrich Bader as Rex / Shasta / Male Judge
- Jared Hess as Don / Felipe / Starla
- Phil Hendrie as Old Owl Judge / Art Doodle / Mr. Masthead / Counselor Critchlow / Coach Pratt / Doctor Jeff
- Tara Strong as Egg Queen / Candy / Shaylene / Dody / Kangaroo / Scantronica
- Haylie Duff as Summer
- Phil LaMarr as Technician / Mailman / Gorilla Lead Singer / Silver Mime
- Jennifer Coolidge as Mrs. Moser
- Tom Kenny as Curtis
- Lauren Tom as Girl / Tokiko
- Sam Rockwell as Filson
- Jemaine Clement as Professor Koontz
- Amy Poehler as Misty
- Alan Tudyk as Officer Elwood
Episodes
editNo. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod. code | US viewers (millions) |
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1 | "Ligertown" | Crystal Chesney-Thompson | Jared Hess & Jerusha Hess | January 29, 2012 | 1AST01 | 4.4[13] |
Napoleon gets a job at a liger sanctuary and learns the animals are not the magical beasts he had imagined. Disappointed with the peaceful animals and their uneventful lifestyle, he kidnaps a newborn cub and attempts to raise it with Deb. The ligers learn of the kidnapping and invade the town. The Mayor and Police Chief flee, leaving Student Body President Pedro in command. Meanwhile, a near-blind Grandma enlists Kip to be her eyes for her, reading romance novels to her and navigating for her as she drives.[12] | ||||||
2 | "Bed Races" | Frank Marino | Tom Gammill & Max Pross | February 19, 2012 | 1AST02 | 4.41[15] |
It is time for the Annual Preston Bed Races, in which competitors push beds around Preston. Rico and Napoleon compete in against six-time champion Grandma. Rico in particular is desperate to win so as to recover his pride from having lost an important football game when in high school, which he details to Napoleon as they race. The pair stoop to all sorts of tricks, including weighing down Grandma's bed with lead. They win, and Rico gets the fame and women he craved. Grandma resigns herself to a life as a regular, embroidery-loving grandmother, too old for the rough lifestyle she was used to – going as far as to donate her car to a local convent. Napoleon is tortured by dreams of guilt and reveals that he and Rico cheated. Grandma reverts to her former self, saying, "I knew I wasn’t an old lady." Rico loses his fame and prestige, but he and Grandma develop an affection for one another, and Grandma commissions a sculpture from Rico. The pair then raid the convent to retrieve Grandma's car.[14] | ||||||
3 | "Scantronica Love" | Raymie Muzquiz | Julie Thacker Scully | January 15, 2012 | 1AST03 | 7.2[17] |
Science teacher Professor Koontz (Jemaine Clement) uses a computer dating program run on his Scantronica 3000 (Tara Strong) to set up the students with each other: Pedro is matched with his crush Summer Wheatly (Haylie Duff), Deb with Summer's boyfriend Don Moser (Jared Hess), and Napoleon with katana-wielding Japanese exchange student Tokiko (Lauren Tom). Deb is drawn into the Moser family, finding herself in a pre-engagement wedding ceremony on a houseboat, but discovers the unsavory side of the family – in particular Don's mother (Jennifer Coolidge). Her friends invade the ceremony and rescue her with the help of Summer. Meanwhile, Uncle Rico and Kip unsuccessfully try to earn riches by performing as a magic act.[16] | ||||||
4 | "Thundercone" | Dwayne Carey-Hill | Jared Hess & Jerusha Hess | January 15, 2012 | 1AST04 | 9.5[17] |
After Kip pelts him with a piece of chicken, Napoleon breaks out in acne. At the recommendation of Uncle Rico and a suspect pharmacist, he takes an illegal skin cream called Rack-U-Tane whose side effects make him aggressive and give him increased resistance to pain. Soon he is invited to participate in blood sports at the Pioneer Punch Club. While working out, he draws the attention of Misty (Amy Poehler), a girl whom Kip has met on the internet.[18] | ||||||
5 | "Pedro vs. Deb" | Edmund Fong | Dan Vebber | February 12, 2012 | 1AST05 | 3.81[20] |
Deb has become reporter for the Preston Bugle newspaper, but finds it will fold if she does not find a front-page story to lure readers. She interviews Pedro, and cherrypicks a quote that Preston is "the most boring city in America". Pedro and Deb's friendship is strained as Pedro gains the censure of the townspeople. Napoleon wants to bring his friends back together, and sets out with Kip to find the Mine Shaft Monster, hoping a front-page story on it will make the town forget about the Pedro story. They find instead Dave the Ghost, whom Uncle Rico owes money. Meanwhile Kip has developed an interest in Grandma's Gun.[19] | ||||||
6 | "FFA" | Stephen Sandoval | Mike Scully | March 4, 2012 | 1AST06 | 4.05[22] |
Napoleon enrolls in a Future Farmers of America competition, which he had won the previous year. His partner Curtis drops out on him when he realizes that the FFA is unpopular with the cool kids. Napoleon enlists Pedro instead. Napoleon is swarmed with groupies who remember his last year's win, until the long-haired former champion Filson (Sam Rockwell) arrives in a sleeveless jacket and steals the attention. Filson connives to win again this year and enlists his girlfriend to distract Napoleon and Pedro with her charms. The two end up buried in soil together, and must scramble to catch up to Filson's lead. The competition ends in a tie that Pedro breaks by improvising a song of friendship. Meanwhile, the Dynamites find their home infested with innumerable spiders, and have to have the house fumigated. Rico offers them a place to sleep in his Dodge Santana van and teaches them his tricks for getting by as a homeless man.[21] |
Release
editAdult Swim Canada premiere
editNapoleon Dynamite premiered on Adult Swim Canada in September 2015.[23]
International broadcasting
editCountry | Network | Premiere date |
---|---|---|
Argentina | FX Latinoamerica | April 15, 2012[24] |
Australia | The Comedy Channel | January 7, 2013[25] |
Brazil | FX Brazil | May 27, 2012[26] |
Canada | Global | January 15, 2012[27] |
Colombia | FX Latinoamerica | April 15, 2012[24] |
Mexico | FX Latinoamerica | April 15, 2012[24] |
Philippines | Jack TV | January 28, 2012[28] |
Russia | 2×2 | August 24, 2012[29] |
United Kingdom | E4 | March 20, 2012[30] |
DVD release
editNapoleon Dynamite: The Complete Animated Series, containing all 6 episodes, was released on DVD in Region 1 on 4 November 2014 by Olive Films.[31][32] The miniseries was also released on DVD on 1 October 2015 in Canada.
Reception
editViewership
editFox touted in a press release that it had an averaged 2.8/7 Nielsen share and 5.8 million viewers for the six episodes, and that it ranked sixth in teenage viewership against other television networks.[33] The miniseries ranked #56 in the adults 18–49 ratings and #103 in the total viewership rankings for the 2011–12 television season.[34][35]
Critical response
editReviews for the miniseries' premiere episode were mixed. Linda Stasi of the New York Post praised its humor as almost as funny as the film,[36] and Nancy Smith of The Wall Street Journal called it "a dream come true" for fans of the film.[37] Ed Bark of UncleBarky.com enjoyed the miniseries and said it was "far funnier" than the Fox animated comedies Bob's Burgers and Allen Gregory.[38] Simon Moore of Flickering Myth compared the miniseries' "left-field laughs" favorably to the humor in The Simpsons and Futurama.[18] On Rotten Tomatoes, Napoleon Dynamite has an aggregate score of 32% based on 9 positive and 19 negative critic reviews. The website's consensus reads: "Unfunny and hackneyed, Napoleon Dynamite doesn't understand what made the movie popular in the first place."[39]
David Wiegand of the San Francisco Chronicle found the writing not funny, writing that he could not see "Jon Heder's expressionless face" as he talked in the animation.[40] The Staten Island Advance said the change to animation freed Napoleon from real-world limitations, but thought it "lessen[ed] the overall appeal of the character and setting".[41] Lori Rackl of the Chicago Sun-Times did not like the movie and liked the animated television miniseries even less; she thought the emotions and physical humor were lost in the change to animation.[42]
Brian Lowry of Variety gave the miniseries a neutral review: "To say the show represents an improvement over Allen Gregory is not much of an endorsement, but there is something amusing about Heder's monotonic voice and Napoleon's utter lack of self-awareness, along with fast-paced gags like a miniature golf course where hitting the ball into Hitler's mouth wins a free round."[43] Robert Bianco of USA Today called the first episode a "vulgarized premiere" that detracted from the film's qualities, but called the second one a "sweeter, funnier improvement".[44] Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times wrote of the pacing that the "satirical silence or non-sequitur scenes slowly compiled to establish tone" in the film, but were sacrificed for the faster pace of a network TV miniseries.[45]
Simon Moore of Flickering Myth disagreed the faster pace was to the miniseries' detriment, calling the film's "snail-like pace ... its biggest flaw".[18]
References
edit- ^ Perlmutter, David (2018). The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 422. ISBN 978-1538103739.
- ^ a b c Radish 2012.
- ^ Ayers 2012.
- ^ Weprin 2010; Daggett 2011.
- ^ Hibberd 2010; Gorman 2010; Strike 2012.
- ^ Strike 2012; Adalian 2011; Jeffery 2011.
- ^ Hibberd 2010.
- ^ Crupi 2011.
- ^ a b Strike 2012.
- ^ Goldman 2012.
- ^ a b Andreeva 2010; Radish 2012.
- ^ Moore 2012c.
- ^ Gorman 2012a.
- ^ Moore 2012e.
- ^ Bibel 2012a.
- ^ Moore 2012b.
- ^ a b Hibberd 2012.
- ^ a b c Moore 2012a.
- ^ Moore 2012d.
- ^ Gorman 2012b.
- ^ Moore 2012f.
- ^ Bibel 2012b.
- ^ "Cartoon Network and Adult Swim Unveil Their Fall Schedule". Channel Canada. August 20, 2015. Archived from the original on August 21, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
- ^ a b c MundoFox staff.
- ^ Comedy Channel staff.
- ^ NaTelinha staff 2012.
- ^ CNW Group staff 2011; CNW Group staff 2012.
- ^ Lacoste 2012.
- ^ 2×2 staff.
- ^ Channel 4 staff 2011.
- ^ Conry 2014.
- ^ Amazon.com: Napoleon Dynamite: The Complete Animated Series : Jon Heder, Jon Gries, Tina Majorino, Haylie Duff, Efren Ramirez, Aaron Ruell, Sandy Martin, Diedrich Bader, Jared...
- ^ Kondolojy 2012; Gorman 2012c.
- ^ "Complete List Of 2011–12 Season TV Show Ratings: 'Sunday Night Football' Tops, Followed By 'American Idol,' 'The Voice' & 'Modern Family'". TVbytheNumbers. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
- ^ "Complete List Of 2011–12 Season TV Show Viewership: 'Sunday Night Football' Tops, Followed By 'American Idol,' 'NCIS' & 'Dancing With The Stars'". TVbytheNumbers. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
- ^ Stasi 2012.
- ^ deWolf Smith 2013.
- ^ Bark 2011.
- ^ "Napoleon Dynamite". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
- ^ Wiegand 2012.
- ^ Washington Post staff 2012.
- ^ Rackl 2012.
- ^ Lowry 2012.
- ^ Bianco 2012.
- ^ McNamara 2012.
Works cited
edit- 2×2 staff. "Premiere: Napoleon Dynamite. On August 24 at 22:45". 2×2. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Adalian, Josef (July 11, 2011). "Fox Orders More Allen Gregory and Napoleon Dynamite". Vulture. New York Media. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Andreeva, Nellie (October 11, 2010). "Fox Orders Napoleon Dynamite Toon Series". Deadline Hollywood. PMC. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Ayers, Mike (January 18, 2012). "How Napoleon Dynamite becomes animated". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
- Bark, Ed (December 31, 2011). "Mid-season merry-go-round: Fox's animated Napoleon Dynamite doesn't need to go back to the drawing board". UncleBarky.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Bianco, Robert (January 13, 2012). "Weekend Critic's Corner: Fringe, Napoleon Dynamite". USA Today. Gannett Company. Archived from the original on December 6, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Bibel, Sara (February 22, 2012). "Sunday Final Ratings: Once Upon a Time, Family Guy Adjusted Up + Unscrambled CBS". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Digital Ventures. Archived from the original on December 19, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
- Bibel, Sara (March 6, 2012). "Sunday Final Ratings: The Good Wife, CSI Miami Adjusted Up + Cleveland Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Digital Ventures. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- Channel 4 staff (July 18, 2011). "Channel 4 acquires Homeland and New Girl in Twentieth Century Fox deal". Channel 4. Channel Four Television Corporation. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - CNW Group staff (December 13, 2011). "Global's Midseason Schedule Unmatched in Star Power, New Programs and Returning Hits". CNW Group. PR Newswire. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
- CNW Group staff (March 5, 2012). "It's a Yes for Canada: Citytv's Canada's Got Talent Becomes Most-Watched Premiere in Network History". CNW Group. PR Newswire. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
- Comedy Channel staff. "Napoleon Dynamite". The Comedy Channel. Foxtel Networks. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Conry, Chunky (November 6, 2014). "Napoleon Dynamite: The Complete Animated Series (DVD Review)". Zombies Don't Run. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
- Crupi, Anthony (December 1, 2011). "Fox Sets Premiere Dates for Alcatraz, Touch, The Finder; No Room at the Inn for Allen Gregory". Adweek. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
- Daggett, Bryan J. (July 22, 2011). "CCI: Napoleon Dynamite Panel". Spinoff Online. Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- deWolf Smith, Nancy (January 13, 2013). "Does It Get Any Better Than This?". The Wall Street Journal. News Corp. Archived from the original on June 11, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Goldman, Eric (May 15, 2012). "Napoleon Dynamite Cancelled". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on March 26, 2018. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
- Gorman, Bill (October 17, 2010). "Fox Announces Animated Comedies Napoleon Dynamite & Allen Gregory For Next Season". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Digital Ventures. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
- Gorman, Bill (January 30, 2012). "TV Ratings Sunday: Pro Bowl Prelims Down, Still Leads NBC Win; Once Upon A Time, Good Wife Rise, As Fox Animated Comedies Miss NFL". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Digital Ventures. Archived from the original on February 2, 2012. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
- Gorman, Bill (February 14, 2012). "Sunday Final Ratings: Napoleon Dynamite, American Dad Adjusted Up; 60 Minutes Adjusted Down + Grammy Awards Finals". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Digital Ventures. Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
- Gorman, Bill (May 14, 2012). "Fox 2011–12 Ratings Highlights". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Digital Ventures. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Hibberd, James (November 30, 2010). "Fox gives series order to Napoleon Dynamite". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on March 20, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Hibberd, James (January 16, 2012). "Golden Globes ratings slip". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on April 24, 2012. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
- Jeffery, Morgan (July 12, 2011). "Fox orders more Napoleon Dynamite, Allen Gregory". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Kondolojy, Amanda (June 5, 2012). "Fox Finishes First Week of Summer with 10 of the Top 20 Shows Among Young Adults". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Digital Ventures. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Lacoste, Rai (January 26, 2012). "JACK TV Rocks The Weekend With Saturday Night Laugh!". B&L Magazine. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
- Lowry, Brian (January 12, 2012). "Review: Napoleon Dynamite". Variety. PMC. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- McNamara, Mary (January 13, 2012). "Television review: Napoleon Dynamite". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Moore, Simon (March 23, 2012). "Napoleon Dynamite – Episode 1: Thundercone – Review". Flickering Myth. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- Moore, Simon (March 28, 2012). "Napoleon Dynamite – Episode 2: Scantronica Love – Review". Flickering Myth. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- Moore, Simon (April 5, 2012). "Napoleon Dynamite – Episode 3: Ligertown – Review". Flickering Myth. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- Moore, Simon (April 11, 2012). "Napoleon Dynamite – Episode 4: Pedro vs. Deb – Review". Flickering Myth. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- Moore, Simon (April 20, 2012). "Napoleon Dynamite – Episode 5: Bed Races – Review". Flickering Myth. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- Moore, Simon (April 26, 2012). "Napoleon Dynamite – Episode 6: FFA – Review". Flickering Myth. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- MundoFox staff. "Napoleon Dynamite: Más Animación". MundoFox (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
{{cite web}}
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- Strike, Joe (January 25, 2012). "Sunday Night with Napoleon Dynamite: A Cult Series Turns Toony". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on August 6, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
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- Weprin, Alex (May 14, 2010). "Exclusive: Fox Developing Napoleon Dynamite Animated Series". FishbowlNY. Mediabistro. Archived from the original on September 13, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- Wiegand, David (January 13, 2012). "Napoleon Dynamite review: TV spin-off falls flat". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Newspapers. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.