The Sonerai is a small, VW-powered homebuilt aircraft,[1] designed by John Monnett.[2] The Sonerai began to compete as a single-seat, mid-wing, tailwheel[3] Formula-V racer class formed in 1972. The Sonerai soon evolved into a two-seat model called the Sonerai II.[3][4]
| Sonerai | |
|---|---|
| |
| Sonerai II | |
| Role | Homebuilt aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Monett Aircraft |
| Designer | John Monnett |
| First flight | July 20, 1971 |
| Introduction | 1971 |
Later versions included a low-wing Sonerai IIL,[3] a tricycle-gear Sonerai IILT[3] and finally the stretched Sonerai IILS and IILTS.[3][5]
John Monnett came up with the name Sonerai from a combination of the words Sonic and Cosmic-Ray.[6] Many Sonerais have been built and it remains a very popular design for people seeking a low-cost experimental aircraft with good speed and maneuverability. The airframe cost to build in 1974 was estimated at $2,500. The 2010 airframe cost is approximately $6,000 (US) and the total cost is approximately $15,000 (US) with the addition of hardware, instrumentation, engine and other required items. The time to build is between 800 and 1000 hours.[7]
Design and development
editThe Sonerai I design and construction started in 1970 with the goal of a flying aircraft to be demonstrated at the 1971 EAA airshow. The aircraft was to meet the new Formula V rules and those of the Professional Race Pilots Association (PRPA) for aircraft powered by 1600cc Volkswagen engines (it will accept VW engines from 1600 to 2800cc displacement).[1]
Inspired by the Spitfire, an elliptical tail profile was incorporated. Elliptical wingtips and a low-wing configuration were dropped, but a low-wing Sonerai II variant was released later.[8] The Sonerai I was designed to use a direct drive 1,600cc VW engine[1] and the Sonerai II was designed to use the 1700cc VW engine.
The wings were designed to fold alongside the fuselage for towing without a trailer and compact storage.[1] The Sonerai II was designed to be soloed from the rear seat. The aircraft is built around a fabric-covered steel-tube fuselage and tail,[1] with all-aluminum wings[1] and a fiberglass cowl. The plans cost $50 and $57 in 1974.[9]
Great Plains Aircraft Supply Company held the rights to the Sonerai series of aircraft until 2015. Sonerai Works LLC, of Franksville, Wisconsin, purchased the rights to Sonerai plans and parts from Great Plains in 2015. Sonerai Works LLC was formed by Fred Keip. a Sonerai IIL builder, owner, and pilot, who was Sonerai Newsletter editor and publisher 1996 –2010, and had been a technical support provider for Sonerai builders over 28 years (an EAA Technical Counselor since 1987).[3][10]
In December 2019 the design was acquired by Sonex Aircraft.[11]
The aircraft is not available as a kit, and is built using plans, although some parts are available.[12]
Operational history
editThe prototype Sonerai 1 was displayed at the Experimental Aircraft Association Airshow in Oshkosh, Wisconsin where Monnett eventually relocated. The aircraft was painted a bright green that became the color of all the future prototypes and company marketing. The shade was from a 1971 Dodge Charger John Monnett saw painted Sassy Grass Green.[13]
World records
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Brian Dempsey built a Sonerai I that set a world record. The C-1a/0 (Landplanes: takeoff weight less than 300 kg) Speed over a straight 15/25 km course of 292.15 km/h (181.53 mph / 157.74 kn) on February 19, 1989.[14] Dempsey's record stood for 20 years.
Robin Austin of Australia built a Sonerai IIL with a 100 hp Rotax engine. The aircraft has set the following FAI records for C-1a/0 (Landplanes: takeoff weight less than 300 kg).[15]
- May 17, 2008: Speed over a recognized course 404.3 km/h (251.2 mph / 218.3 kn) St. George, QLD (Australia) - Brisbane, QLD (Australia)[16]
- June 5, 2008: Aeroplane Efficiency : 29.79 km/kg Jacobs Well, QLD (Australia)[17]
- June 8, 2008: Aeroplane Efficiency 37.22 km/kg C1-b Class[18]
- July 28, 2008: Speed over a recognized course 440.0 km/h (273.4 mph / 237.6 kn) Blackall, QLD (Australia) - Rockhampton, QLD (Australia)[19]
Variants
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- Sonerai I
- Single-seat Formula V Racer[1][20]
- Sonerai II
- Two-seat, mid-wing, conventional gear[20][3]
- Sonerai II-L
- Two-seat, low-wing, conventional gear[20][3]
- Sonerai II-LT
- Two-seat, low-wing,[20] conventional gear,[20][3] tricycle gear developed in 1983[21]
- Sonerai II-LS
- Two-seat, low-wing, stretched fuselage, conventional gear[20][3][5]
- Sonerai II-LTS
- Two-seat, low-wing, stretched, tricycle gear[20][3][5]
Specifications (Sonerai II)
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Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982–83[22]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Capacity: 1 passenger[23]
- Length: 18 ft 10 in (5.74 m)
- Wingspan: 18 ft 8 in (5.69 m)
- Height: 5 ft 0 in (1.52 m)
- Wing area: 84.0 sq ft (7.80 m2)
- Airfoil: NACA 64212
- Empty weight: 500 lb (227 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 1,150[23] lb (522 kg)
- Fuel capacity: 10 US gal (8.3 imp gal; 38 L)
- Powerplant: 1 × 1700cc modified Volkswagen air-cooled engine air-cooled flat-four, 65–70 hp (48–52 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
- Maximum speed: 140 kn (160 mph, 260 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 120 kn (140 mph, 230 km/h)
- Stall speed: 38 kn (44 mph, 71 km/h)
- Range: 300 nmi (350 mi, 560 km) at 75% power (with reserves)
- Rate of climb: 500 ft/min (2.5 m/s)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g "The Sonerai I," GreatPlainsAS.com / Sonerai Works, retrieved November 11, 2020
- ^ Plane and Pilot's Homebuilt Aircraft Annual. Winter 1975.
{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "SoneraiWorks LLC is Now the Supplier of Plans and Model-Specific Parts for the Sonerai Series of Sport Aircraft," press release, as reprinted December 10, 2014, Kitplanes, retrieved November 11, 2020
- ^ Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, page 110. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. ISSN 1368-485X
- ^ a b c "The Sonerai II Stretch," GreatPlainsAS.com / Sonerai Works, retrieved November 11, 2020
- ^ Bob Barton (May 1991). "Bob Barton's Sonerai IIL". Sport Aviation.
- ^ "Sport Aircraft History". Great Plains Aircraft. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
- ^ "Race to Oshkosh". Sport Aviation: 6. March 1972.
- ^ "Flying Twins your choice of one or two". Popular Mechanics: 108. August 1974.
- ^ Sport Aviation: 15. February 2015.
{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Cook, Marc (December 30, 2019). "Sonerai Kit Aircraft Comes Home". AVweb. Archived from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12, page 104. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X
- ^ Jim Cunningham. John Monnett from Sonerai to Sonex.
- ^ "FAI world Records". Retrieved January 18, 2015.
- ^ Robin Austin (October 2010). "Four World Records". Sport Aviation.
- ^ "FAI Record ID #15060 - Speed over a recognized course, C-1a (Landplanes: take off weight 300 to 500 kg)" Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Record date May 17, 2008. Accessed: October 4, 2015.
- ^ "FAI Record ID #15065 - Aeroplane Efficiency, C-1a (Landplanes: take off weight 300 to 500 kg) " Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Record date June 5, 2008. Accessed: October 4, 2015.
- ^ "FAI Record ID #15066 - Aeroplane Efficiency, C-1b (Landplanes: take off weight 500 to 1000 kg) " Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Record date June 8, 2008. Accessed: October 4. 2015.
- ^ "FAI Record ID #15100 - Speed over a recognized course, C-1a (Landplanes: take off weight 300 to 500 kg)" Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Record date July 28, 2008. Accessed: October 4, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g Purdy, Don: AeroCrafter - Homebuilt Aircraft Sourcebook, Fifth Edition, page 171. BAI Communications, 15 July 1998. ISBN 0-9636409-4-1
- ^ Moll, Nigel; Comstock, Bryan (May 1983). "Reporting Points:...And Tricycle Sonerai". Flying. Vol. 110, no. 5. p. 12.
- ^ Taylor 1982, pp. 554–555
- ^ a b "Janes All the World's Aircraft, 1992-1993," p.518
- Taylor, John W. R., ed. (1982). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83. London: Jane's Yearbooks. ISBN 0-7106-0748-2.
External links
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