Mithridates I Ctistes (Greek: Mιθριδάτης Kτίστης; reigned 281–266 BC), also known as Mithridates III of Cius,[1] was a Persian nobleman and the founder (this is the meaning of the word Ctistes, literally Builder) of the Kingdom of Pontus in Anatolia.[2][3]
| Mithridates I of Pontus Mithridates III of Cius | |
|---|---|
| Basileus | |
| King of Pontus | |
| Reign | 281 BC - 266 BC |
| Predecessor | (Creator of Title) |
| Successor | Ariobarzanes of Pontus |
| Ruler of Cius | |
| Predecessor | Mithridates II of Cius |
| Successor | None |
| Born | Mid 330s BC |
| Died | 266 BC |
| Issue | Ariobarzanes of Pontus |
| Dynasty | Mithridatic |
| Father | Mithridates II of Cius |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of Pontus |
| Rank | Basileus |
| Battles / wars |
|
Mithridates is said to have been of the same age as Demetrios Poliorketes, which means he was born in the mid-330s BC. In 302 or 301 BC, shortly after having executed the young man's father and predecessor Mithridates II of Cius, the diadoch Antigonus became suspicious of the son who had inherited the family dominion of Cius, and planned to kill the boy. Mithridates, however, received from Demetrius Poliorketes timely notice of Antigonus's intentions, and fled with a few followers to Paphlagonia, where he occupied a strong fortress, called Cimiata. He was joined by numerous bodies of troops from different quarters and gradually extended his dominions in Pontus and created the foundations for the birth of a new kingdom, which may be judged to have risen about 281 BC when Mithridates assumed the title of basileus (king).[4][5][6] In the same year, we find him concluding an alliance with the town of Heraclea Pontica in Bithynia, to protect it against Seleucus.[7] At a subsequent period, Mithridates is found acquiring support from the Gauls (who later settled in Asia Minor) in order to overthrow a force sent against him by Ptolemy, king of Ptolemaic Egypt.[8] These are the recorded events of his reign, which lasted for thirty-six years.[9] He was succeeded by his son Ariobarzanes. He seems to have been buried in a royal grave near the kingdom's capital, Amasia. Next to him would be buried all the kings of Pontus until the fall of Sinope in 183 BC.
According to Appian,[10] he was eighth in descent from the first satrap of Pontus under Darius the Great and sixth in ascending order from Mithridates Eupator. However, this point is controversial since Plutarch[6] writes that eight generations of kings of Pontus stemmed from him before Roman subjection.
Notes
edit- ^ Dueck, Daniela (2002). Strabo of Amasia: A Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome. Routledge. p. 3. ISBN 978-1134605613.
Mithridates III of Cius fled to Paphlagonia after his father was killed by Antigonus and after he defeated certain Seleucid forces. In 281 BCE he became the first king of the Pontic dynasty and thus acquired the name "Ktistes", founder.
- ^ McGing, B.C. (1986). The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus. BRILL. p. 15. ISBN 978-9004075917.
In 302 Mithridates II fell under suspicion of conspiring with Cassander against Antigonus and was killed near Cius. His son Mithridates III of Cius inherited the dynasty, but was warned by his friend Demetrius that he too was in danger from Antigonus and fled to Paphlagonia. Here he ruled for thirty six years (302-266) at some stage proclaiming himself Mithridates Ctistes, founder of the kingdom of Pontus and the line of Pontic kings.
- ^ Van Dam, Raymond (2002). Kingdom of Snow: Roman Rule and Greek Culture in Cappadocia. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0812236811.
A Persian nobleman named Mithridates "the Founder" established himself as king of Pontus during the late fourth century B.C.
- ^ Appian, Mithridatic Wars 2.9
- ^ Strabo Geography 12.3
- ^ a b Plutarch, Lives, "Demetrius", 4
- ^ Memnon, History of Heraclea, 7
- ^ Stephanus, Ethnica, s. v. Ancyra
- ^ Diodorus Siculus, Histoire Universelle, xx. 111, pag. 457
- ^ Appian, Mithridatic Wars 112
References
edit- Appian, The foreign wars, Horace White (translator), New York City, (1899)
- Hazel, John; Who's Who in the Greek World, "Mithridates I" (1999)
- Memnon, History of Heracleia, Andrew Smith (translator), (2004)
- Plutarch, Parallel Lives, "Demetrius", John & William Langhorne (translator), (1770)
- Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Mithridates III", Boston, (1867)
- Strabo, Geography, H. C. Hamilton & W. Falconer (translators), London, (1903)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Mithridates". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 2. p. 1095.