The Miles Brothers (Harry J., Herbert, Joseph, and Earl C.) were pioneers in American cinema. In 1902, they established the first motion picture exchanges in the United States.[1]
The Miles Brothers’ Exchange, established by Harry and Herbert Miles, proved to be “one of the most important and profitable developments in motion picture history” according to film historian Lewis Jacobs.[2]
Prior to the exchange system, each exhibitor purchased films directly from the filmmakers - a substantial investment. The Miles brothers, who neither made nor showed filmed, bought up films and rented these to exhibitors at one-fourth the purchase price.[3] Lewis writes:
Such a plan was heartily welcomed everywhere. The exchange man could continue to rent out films long after they had more than paid for themselves; his profits were large. Manufacturers now had one large customer who practically guaranteed to buy most of their output at higher prices; and they enjoyed an increased market for pictures because exhibitors, paying less for them, could more frequently change their programs…[4]
Lewis adds that the variety of program offerings, in turn, stimulated attendance, raising profits for exhibitors.[5] Widely adopted, the exchange system introduced by the Miles Brothers led to rivals for the lucrative trade. By 1907, there were over a hundred exchanges operating in major cities throughout the United States.[6]
A Trip Down Market Street (1906)
editTheir 1906 film, A Trip Down Market Street, is an historic 13-minute journey down Market Street in San Francisco from 8th Street to the Embarcadero, giving a rare view of the street before the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.[7] The film was long thought to have been made in September 1905, after being dated as such by the Library of Congress based on the state of construction of several buildings.
Film historian David Kiehn, a co-founder of Niles Film Museum in Niles, California, a museum devoted to Essanay Studios, dated the film to the spring of 1906 from automobile registrations and weather records.[8] Kiehn eventually found promotional materials from the film's original release. The film was sent to New York City by train the night before the earthquake, which destroyed the Miles Brothers' studio where it had been kept. Three prints survive as of 2010[update], and it has been digitally restored.[9]
Footnotes
edit- ^ Bell, G. (1984). The Golden Gate and the silver screen. Associated University Presses. p. 100. ISBN 9780845347508. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
- ^ Lewis, 1967 p. 52
- ^ Lewis, 1967 p. 52-53
- ^ Lewis, 1967 p. 53
- ^ Lewis, 1967 p. 53
- ^ Lewis, 1967 p. 53-54: See here for further effects of the system on production.
- ^ Garrone, M. (April 30, 2010). "Market Street on film 1906". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
- ^ Kiehn, D. (2006). "The Brothers Who Filmed the Earthquake". San Francisco Silent Film Festival. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
- ^ Kershner, V. (October 19, 2010). "'60 Minutes' does take on 1906 'A Trip Down Market Street'". San Francisco Chronicle.
Sources
edit- Jacobs, Lewis. 1967. The Rise of the American Film: Experimental Cinema in America, 1921-1947. Teachers College Press, Columbia University, New York. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 68-25845