The Mihrişah Sultan Complex (Turkish: Mihrişah Valide Sultan Külliyesi) is a külliye (Ottoman charitable foundation) founded by Mihrişah Sultan in the late 18th century. The complex is located next to the Eyüp Sultan Mosque complex in Istanbul, Turkey. The complex's largest component is an imaret (soup kitchen) which is notable for being one of the last imarets in Istanbul to still serve its original purpose.[1][2][3] The rest of the complex is also notable for the founder's mausoleum and for its ornate street-facing sebil, all built in the Ottoman Baroque style.
| Mihrişah Sultan Complex | |
|---|---|
 Mausoleum (left) and main gate (right) | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Ottoman Baroque |
| Coordinates | 41°02′54.5″N 28°56′4.7″E / 41.048472°N 28.934639°E |
| Groundbreaking | 1792 |
| Completed | 1796 |
Historical background
editConstruction of the complex took place between 1792 and 1796 and was commissioned by Mihrişah Sultan, the mother of Sultan Selim III.[4][2] The complex is located next to the Eyüp Sultan Mosque in the Eyüp neighbourhood of Istanbul. Selim III's reign (1789–1807) saw renewed Ottoman dynastic interest in this area, as he was responsible for rebuilding the Eyüp Sultan Mosque between 1798 and 1800.[5][6]
Architecture
editThe complex consists of a large imaret (soup kitchen) and a mektep (primary school), but from the street its most visible elements are a sebil and Mihrişah Sultan's mausoleum.[1] This urban configuration of the complex was similar to the earlier Hamidiye Complex (partly demolished today) in the Eminönü neighbourhood, which was commissioned by Selim III's predecessor Abdülhamid I.[7] The façade of the Mihrişah Sultan complex, with its vibrantly Baroque sebil and tomb, is one of the most notable exterior façade designs in Ottoman Baroque architecture and one of the grandest Ottoman charitable complexes from this period.[8][2]
Imaret
editThe imaret consists of a large U-shaped building with a garden courtyard in the center, entered via a monumental gate from the street. The courtyard is flanked on three sides by porticos lining the imaret building.[1] The imaret has a traditional design of domed rooms, fireplaces, and openings in and around the dome for ventilation.[2] The mektep is located along a portico on the outer western side of the building.[2][1] Next to this western portico is a cemetery, from which the mausoleum is accessed. A second, smaller street entrance provides direct access to this area.[1]
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Main gate of the complex, leading to the imaret -
The imaret building, seen from the central courtyard -
One of the porticos around the courtyard -
The western gate of the complex, leading to the mektep and the cemetery -
The western outer portico of the complex, part of the mektep, with the cemetery on the right
Mausoleum
editThe mausoleum (or türbe) is a circular structure covered by a dome. Its exterior façade is divided into twelve convex sections, each containing two windows (one above, one below) and bordered by engaged columns. The façade is further divided into horizontal zones by projecting cornices. The engaged columns on the lower half are made of verd antique and the upper ones are made of pink granite. The curved baroque windows have slightly projecting pink keystones.[2]
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The mausoleum, located at the southwest corner of the complex -
View of the mausoleum and its entrance porch from the north, inside the cemetery -
Decoration above the mausoleum's entrance doorway -
The mausoleum interior -
The cenotaph of Mihrişah Sultan
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Sebil
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The semi-circular sebil, dated to 1795,[8] is located on the street façade of the complex. It has five grilled windows used for providing water to visitors or passersby on the street. Similar to the tomb, the façade is divided into multiple convex sections, but the compositions are even more curved and ornate. Groups of colonettes and pilasters divide these sections. The ornamentation diverges further from traditional Ottoman decoration in the shape of its arches and in the three-dimensional sculpting of shells and shell-like leaves. This type of decoration extends to the two adjoining wall fountains on either side of the sebil.[5] Scholar Doğan Kuban compares the sebil's ornamentation to the French Rocaille style and notes its similarities with the ornamentation found in the apartments of Abdülhamid I and Selim III at Topkapı Palace from around the same era.[8]
Burials
edit- Mihrişah Sultan (mother of Selim III) (c. 1745–1805)
- Hatice Sultan (daughter of Mustafa III) (1768–1822)
- Beyhan Sultan (daughter of Mustafa III) (1766–1824)
- Rahime Perestu Sultan (c. 1830–c. 1906), first legal wife of Sultan Abdulmejid I,
- Alev Alatlı (1944–2024), writer, economist.[9]
References
edit
Citations
edit- ^ a b c d e Sumner-Boyd & Freely 2010, p. 366.
- ^ a b c d e f Goodwin 1971, p. 410-411.
- ^ AA, Daily Sabah with (2016-02-01). "Istanbul's historic public kitchen makes life easier for refugees and the homeless". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
- ^ Rüstem 2019, p. 254.
- ^ a b Goodwin 1971, p. 411.
- ^ Kuban 2010, p. 546.
- ^ Rüstem 2019, p. 253.
- ^ a b c Kuban 2010, p. 520.
- ^ "Yazar Alev Alatlı son yolculuğuna uğurlandı - Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Ablaların ablasını uğurluyoruz". NTV (in Turkish). 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
Bibliography
edit- Goodwin, Godfrey (1971). A History of Ottoman Architecture. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27429-0.
- Kuban, Doğan (2010). Ottoman Architecture. Translated by Mill, Adair. Antique Collectors' Club. ISBN 9781851496044.
- Rüstem, Ünver (2019). Ottoman Baroque: The Architectural Refashioning of Eighteenth-Century Istanbul. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691181875.
- Sumner-Boyd, Hilary; Freely, John (2010). Strolling Through Istanbul: The Classic Guide to the City (Revised ed.). Tauris Parke Paperbacks.