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The Middle Maastrichtian Event (MME) was a climatic perturbation that occurred during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous epoch. The event featured global drying, warming, and changes to ocean circulation and chemistry.
Timeline
editThe MME occurred approximately 69.5 Ma.[1]
Causes
editThe MME is believed to have been caused by increased volcanic CO2 emissions.[2]
Effects
editIn central Alaska, mean annual precipitation (MAP) precipitously declined; it was 353–1050 mm before the MME and 475–1451 mm after the MME but only 168–470 mm during the MME.[1]
The combination of global warming, ocean circulation disruption, ocean acidification, and toxic metal influx caused the extinction of inoceramid bivalves.[2] In northwestern Europe, benthic foraminiferal assemblages remained relatively unchanged.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b Salazar-Jaramillo, Susana; Fowell, Sarah J.; McCarthy, Paul J.; Benowitz, Jeff A.; Śliwiński, Maciej G.; Tomsich, Carla S. (1 January 2016). "Terrestrial isotopic evidence for a Middle-Maastrichtian warming event from the lower Cantwell Formation, Alaska". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 441: 360–376. Bibcode:2016PPP...441..360S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.09.044. Retrieved 16 October 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ a b Dubicka, Zofia; Wierny, Weronika; Bojanowski, Maciej J.; Rakociński, Michał; Walaszczyk, Ireneusz; Thibault, Nicolas (May 2024). "Multi-proxy record of the mid-Maastrichtian event in the European Chalk Sea: Paleoceanographic implications". Gondwana Research. 129: 1–22. Bibcode:2024GondR.129....1D. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2023.11.010. Retrieved 16 October 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ Vancoppenolle, Iris; Vellekoop, Johan; Doubrawa, Monika; Kaskes, Pim; Sinnesael, Matthias; Jagt, John W.M.; Claeys, Philippe; Speijer, Robert P. (8 June 2022). "The benthic foraminiferal response to the mid-Maastrichtian event in the NW-European chalk sea of the Maastrichtian type area". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 101. Bibcode:2022NJGeo.101E..12V. doi:10.1017/njg.2022.10. ISSN 0016-7746. Retrieved 16 October 2024 – via Cambridge Core.