The Mercedes V6 hybrid Formula One power unit is a series of 1.6-liter, hybrid turbocharged V6 racing engines which features both a kinetic energy recovery system (MGU-K) and a heat energy recovery system (MGU-H), developed and produced by Mercedes-AMG High Performance Powertrains for use in Formula One. The engines were in use since the 2014 season by the Mercedes works team. Over years of development, engine power was increased from 840 horsepower at 15,000 rpm, to 1,030 horsepower at 15,000 rpm. Customer team engines were used by Williams, McLaren, Lotus, Manor Racing, Force India, Racing Point Force India, Racing Point and Aston Martin.
| Mercedes V6 turbo-hybrid power unit[1] | |
|---|---|
.jpg) The Mercedes M10 power unit, used in the 2019 season | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Mercedes-AMG High Performance Powertrains |
| Production | 2014–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | V-6 single hybrid turbocharged engine, 90° cylinder angle |
| Displacement | 1.6 L (98 cu in) |
| Cylinder bore | 80 mm (3.15 in) |
| Piston stroke | 53 mm (2.09 in) |
| Cylinder block material | Aluminum alloy |
| Cylinder head material | Aluminum alloy |
| Valvetrain | 24-valve (four-valves per cylinder), DOHC |
| Compression ratio | under 18:1 |
| RPM range | |
| Idle speed | 5,000 rpm |
| Max. engine speed | 15,000 rpm |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | Hybrid turbocharger with 3.5–5.0 bar boost pressure |
| Fuel system | 500 bar (7,252 psi) gasoline direct injection |
| Management | McLaren TAG-320 (2014-2018) later TAG-320B (2019-present) |
| Fuel type | Petronas Primax unleaded gasoline 94.25% + 5.75% biofuel[2] and Mobil (McLaren only in 2014) |
| Oil system | Dry sump |
| Cooling system | Single water pump |
| Output | |
| Power output | 840–1,030 hp (626–768 kW) |
| Torque output | Approx. 600–822 N⋅m (443–606 ft⋅lb) |
| Dimensions | |
| Dry weight | 145–150 kg (320–331 lb) overall including headers, clutch, ECU, spark box or filters |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Mercedes-Benz FO engine |
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Having a successful run since the 2014 season, the Mercedes V6 Hybrid engine have become one of the most successful Formula One engines of all time.[3] Breaking the record for most wins in a season in 2016 (this has record since been surpassed by Honda with Red Bull Racing in 2023), as well as among many other major constructor and driver F1 records. Notably, Lewis Hamilton won a record breaking six driver's championships and Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team won a record breaking eight consecutive constructor's championships powered by the Mercedes V6 Hybrid engines.
List of Formula One engines
edit| Season | Name | Format | Peak power @ rpm Including hybrid system where applicable |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Mercedes-Benz PU106A | 1.600 L 90° V6 turbo hybrid | 630 kW (840 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[4][unreliable source?] | |
| 2015 | Mercedes-Benz PU106B | 649 kW (870 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[5][unreliable source?] | Adapted for use in the Mercedes-AMG One[6] | |
| 2016 | Mercedes-Benz PU106C | 670 kW (900 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[7] | ||
| 2017 | Mercedes-AMG M08 EQ Power+ | 708 kW (949 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[8][unreliable source?] | ||
| 2018 | Mercedes-AMG M09 EQ Power+ | 720 kW (970 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[9] | ||
| 2019 | Mercedes-AMG M10 EQ Power+ | Badged as "BWT Mercedes" for Racing Point | ||
| 2020 | Mercedes-AMG M11 EQ Performance | 740 kW (990 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[10][unreliable source?] | ||
| 2021 | Mercedes-AMG M12 E Performance | 770 kW (1,030 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[10][unreliable source?] | ||
| 2022 | Mercedes-AMG M13 E Performance | 770 kW (1,030 hp) @ 15,000 rpm[11][unreliable source?] | ||
| 2023 | Mercedes-AMG M14 E Performance | |||
| 2024 | Mercedes-AMG M15 E Performance |
Statistics
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The Formula One regulations in 2014 saw Mercedes produce a unique hybrid 1.6-liter turbocharged V6 engine, that could produce a significant amount of power with less fuel consumption compared to Ferrari and Renault engines. It also featured the kinetic energy recovery system (MGU-K) and heat energy recovery system (MGU-H). The engine was soon proved to have a clear advantage over other engines, as cars powered by the Mercedes engine scored the majority of points during the 2014 season.[12] Since the introduction of this engine formula, Mercedes-powered cars scored pole position in 130 and won 122 of 225 races (as of the 2024 São Paulo Grand Prix), and won 7 drivers' championships and 8 constructors' championships.
Season statistics for Mercedes engines
| Season | Constructors | Races | Wins | Pole positions | 1–2 finishes | Podiums | Fastest laps | WCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Mercedes, Force India, McLaren, Williams | 19 | 16 | 19 | 15 | 41 | 17 | 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th |
| 2015 | Mercedes, Force India, Lotus, Williams | 19 | 16 | 18 | 12 | 38 | 13 | 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th |
| 2016 | Mercedes, Force India, MRT, Williams | 21 | 19 | 20 | 8 | 35 | 10 | 1st, 4th, 5th, 11th |
| 2017 | Mercedes, Force India, Williams | 20 | 12 | 15 | 4 | 27 | 10 | 1st, 4th, 5th |
| 2018 | Mercedes, Force India, Williams | 21 | 11 | 13 | 4 | 26 | 10 | 1st, 7th, 10th |
| 2019 | Mercedes, Racing Point, Williams | 21 | 15 | 10 | 9 | 32 | 9 | 1st, 7th, 10th |
| 2020 | Mercedes, Racing Point, Williams | 17 | 14 | 16 | 6 | 29 | 9 | 1st, 4th, 10th |
| 2021 | Mercedes, Aston Martin, McLaren, Williams | 22 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 35 | 12 | 1st, 4th, 7th, 8th |
| 2022 | Mercedes, Aston Martin, McLaren, Williams | 22 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 8 | 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th |
| 2023 | Mercedes, Aston Martin, McLaren, Williams | 22 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 8 | 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th |
| 2024* | Mercedes, Aston Martin, McLaren, Williams | 21 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 26 | 10 | 1st, 4th, 5th, 9th |
* Season still in progress.
Other applications
editMercedes-AMG One
edit
The Mercedes-AMG One production hypercar features a similar powertrain as in modern Formula One cars. The production version of the car is features a modified version of the 1.6 L (98 cu in) Mercedes-Benz PU106B Hybrid E-turbo V6 engine, used in the Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid Formula One car.[13][14] Modifications were done to the engine, resulting a reduction in idle rpm and redline among many other changes to make it road-legal. The modified internal combustion engine (ICE) produces a maximum power output of 422 kW (574 PS; 566 hp). Torque figures were unmeasurable due to the complex powertrain.[15]
The internal combustion engine works in conjunction with four electric motors; a 120 kW (163 PS; 161 hp) MGU-K coupled to the crankshaft, a 90 kW (122 PS; 121 hp) MGU-H coupled to the turbocharger, and two electric motors in the front axle producing 240 kW (326 PS; 322 hp).[16] The One has a total combined power output of 782 kW (1,063 PS; 1,049 hp). The MGU-K and MGU-H are similar as in use in Formula One cars, which were responsible for recovering energy and improving efficiency during the operation of the car.[17] More specifically, the MGU-K serves to generate electricity during braking, while the MGU-H serves to eliminate turbo lag and improve throttle response by keeping the turbine spinning at lower engine high speeds.[18] Other two electric motors drives the front wheels and creates an all-wheel drive drivetrain, the sum of these four electric motors contributes 360 kW (489 PS; 483 hp) of effective power to the total power output figure of the AMG One.
The head of Mercedes-AMG, Tobias Moers, claimed that the engine will be at 1,280 rpm in idle and at 11,000 rpm at its redline limit. However, the engine will only last for 50,000 km (31,000 mi) and the owners should have to return their cars for an engine refurbishment, which will cost 850,000 euros. This Formula One inspired powertrain helps the car to attain a top speed of 219 mph (352 km/h). According to Mercedes-AMG, the car can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 2.9 seconds, 0 to 200 km/h (120 mph) in 7.0 seconds and 0 to 300 km/h (190 mph) in 15.6 seconds.[19]
References
edit- ^ "Formula 1 Engine Facts « Mercedes AMG HPP". mercedes-amg-hpp.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz International: News, Pictures, Videos & Livestreams". mercedesamgf1.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
- ^ Watson, Jack (2021-02-26). "Formula 1's 5 Most Iconic Engines ever". Sportlight. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
- ^ Petric, Darjan (2021-04-29). "Mercedes didn't use full F1 engine power in 2014". MAXF1. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
- ^ "How Long Do F1 Engines Last? | F1 Chronicle". 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "New Mercedes-AMG One revealed: price, specs and release date". carwow.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
- ^ "Mercedes producing over 900bhp with more to come". ESPN. 2016-02-06. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
- ^ Petric, Darjan (2018-01-05). "How much power F1 engines have?". MAXF1net. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ Saward, Joe (2018-05-10). "Mercedes F1 engine is a true modern marvel". Autoweek. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
- ^ a b "Mercedes New Engine in 2021 with More 25 Horsepower – 'Party Mode Whole Race'!". F1Lead.com. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "Mercedes enters 2022 with extra horsepower through improved turbocharger". www.gpblog.com. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (9 April 2014). "F1: McLaren can catch Mercedes says race chief Eric Boullier". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
- ^ "Watch Mercedes-Benz AMG's One hit the Hockenheimring racetrack". Motor Authority. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
- ^ "New Mercedes-AMG One revealed: price, specs and release date". carwow.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
- ^ "The Mercedes-AMG Project One Hypercar Will Have 1,020 HP". CarBuzz. 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
- ^ Csere, Csaba (2017-09-11). "Mercedes-AMG Project One". Car and Driver. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
- ^ "Power unit and ERS". Formula1.com. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
- ^ Csere, Csaba (2017-09-17). "Mercedes-AMG Project One Photos and Info | News | Car and Driver". Car and Driver. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
- ^ "Mercedes-AMG ONE". www.mercedes-amg.com. Retrieved 2022-07-27.