Melongena

Melongena; Temporal range: Late Miocene-Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	A live individual of Melongena corona righting itself by using its operculum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Buccinoidea
Family:	Melongenidae
Genus:	Melongena; Schumacher, 1817
Type species
	Melongena fasciata Schumacher, 1817;
Synonyms
	Galeodes Röding, 1798 (non Olivi, 1791)

Melongena is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Melongenidae, the crown conches and their allies.^[3]

Species

Species within the genus Melongena include:^[4]

† Melongena basilica (Bellardi, 1873)
Melongena bispinosa (Philippi, 1844)
† Melongena californica Anderson & Martin, 1914 ^[5]
Melongena corona (Gmelin, 1791) - crown conch - synonym: Melongena subcoronata
† Melongena lainei (Basterot, 1825)
Melongena melongena (Linnaeus, 1758) - type species^[6]
† Melongena murifactor Vermeij & Raven, 2009
Melongena patula (Linnaeus, 1758)
† Melongena pontonxensis Lozouet, 2021
† Melongena woodwardi (Roxo, 1924) - from Miocene of the Pebas Formation^[6]

Synonyms

Melongena belknapi Petit de la Saussaye, 1852: synonym of Melongena corona (Gmelin, 1791)
Melongena bicolor (Say, 1826): synonym of Melongena corona (Gmelin, 1791)
Melongena fasciata Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Melongena melongena (Linnaeus, 1758)
Melongena paradisiaca (Röding, 1798): synonym of Volema paradisiaca Röding, 1798 : synonym of Volema pyrum (Gmelin, 1791) (previous combination)
Melongena perspinosa Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1934 accepted as Melongena corona (Gmelin, 1791)
Melongena pirum Dautzenberg, 1929: synonym of Volema pyrum (Gmelin, 1791)
Melongena sprucecreekensis Tucker, 1994: synonym of Melongena corona (Gmelin, 1791)
† Melongena vigneauxi Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1970: synonym of † Melongena basilica (Bellardi, 1873)

The shells of Melongena species are extremely variable in shape and sculpture, and historically this has meant that a large number of different forms have been named, creating numerous synonyms.

There is still some disagreement about how many modern species of Melongena actually exist. However, phylogenetic analysis indicate that there are only three species in the Western Atlantic, with all snails in coastal Florida being referred to Melongena corona.^[7]

Melongena caloosahatcheensis
Melongena consors
Melongena corona
Melongena corona
Fossil
Melongena melongena
Melongena patula
Melongena sarasotaensis
Melongena sprucecreekensis

Distribution

The genus Melongena occurs only in the tropical Americas. It appears that three nominally valid species occur in the tropics of the western Atlantic: one in Florida, one in the Yucatan, and one in Central America and the Caribbean. A fourth species is found on the tropical eastern Pacific coast.

Habitat

Species within this genus live in the tropical intertidal zone, in muddy areas such as under mangrove trees.

Life habits

Melongena snails are carnivorous, primarily preying on small bivalves (clams, mussels and oysters). They will also feed on other species of snails and have been known to be cannibalistic.^[7]

References

^ Wesselingh F. P., Anderson L. C. & Kadolsky D. (2006). "Molluscs from the Miocene Pebas Formation of Peruvian and Colombian Amazonia". Scripta Geologica 1333: 19-290. PDF.
^ Schumacher (1817). Ess. Vers test. 64: 212.
^ ^a ^b WoRMS (2010). Melongena Schumacher, 1817. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=205587 on 2011-04-02
^ "Melongena". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
^ F. M. Anderson and B. Martin. 1914. Neocene record in the Temblor Basin, California, and Neocene deposits of the San Juan District, San Luis Obispo County. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series 4(3):15-112
^ ^a ^b Vermeij J. & Wesselingh F. P. (2002). "Neogastropod molluscs from the Miocene of western Amazonia, with comments on marine to freshwater transitions in molluscs". Journal of Paleontology 76(2): 265-270. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0265:NMFTMO>2.0.CO;2.
^ ^a ^b Hayes, K. A., 2003. Phylogeography and Evolution of the Florida Crown Conch (Melongena corona) MS Thesis University of South Florida, Department of Biology.