Mayr is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Andrea Mayr (born 1979), Austrian female long-distance runner
- Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), German American evolutionary biologist
- Franz Xaver Mayr, (1875–1965), Austrian gastroenterologist, invented the Mayr-Kur
- Georg Mayr (1564–1623), Bavarian Jesuit priest and Hebrew grammarian
- Gustav Mayr (1830–1908), Austrian entomologist
- Hans Mayr (canoeist) (born 1944), Austrian sprint canoer
- Hans Mayr (trade unionist) (1921–2009), German trades unionist and politician
- Hans Mayr, founder of the shoemaking company Ed Meier, Munich
- Heinz Mayr (born 1935), German racewalker
- Karl Mayr (1883–1945), German politician and officer
- Michael Mayr (1864–1922), Austrian historian, politician and Bundeskanzler (1920/21)
- Rupert Ignaz Mayr (1646–1712), German composer
- Simon Mayr (1763–1845), German composer
- Simon Marius (1573–1624), Simon Mayr in German, German astronomer
- Stephanie Mayr (born 1965), German curler