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Mauritz Stiller (born Moshe Stiller, 17 July 1883 – 8 November 1928) was a Finnish film director of Jewish origin, best known for discovering Greta Garbo and bringing her to America. Stiller was a pioneer of the Swedish film industry, writing and directing many short films from 1912. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer invited him to Hollywood as a director, he arrived with his new discovery Greta Gustafsson, whose screen name Greta Garbo is believed to have been his suggestion. After frequent disagreements with studio executives at MGM and Paramount Pictures, Stiller returned to Sweden, where he died soon afterward.
Mauritz Stiller | |
|---|---|
 Stiller in 1927 | |
| Born | Moshe Stiller 17 July 1883 |
| Died | 8 November 1928 (aged 45) Stockholm, Sweden |
| Citizenship | Sweden |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, screenwriter |
| Years active | 1912–1928 |
Early life
editMoshe Stiller was born on 17 July 1883 in Helsinki.[1] His family was of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage,[2] having lived in Russia and Poland before settling in Finland, these countries being ruled by the Russian Empire at that time. After his father's death when he was four, his mother committed suicide. He was raised by family friends. From an early age, Stiller was interested in acting. His talents did not go unnoticed, and soon Stiller was offered the opportunity to practise and display his acting skills in the theatres of Helsinki and Åbo in Finland.
Drafted into the army of Czar Nicholas II — Finland was at the time the Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomic state ruled by the Russian Czars — rather than report for duty he fled the country for exile, and settled in Sweden. He became a Swedish citizen in 1921.[citation needed]
Career
editBy 1912, Stiller had become involved with Sweden's rapidly developing silent film industry. He began by writing scripts, acting and directing in short films but within a few years gave up acting to devote his time to writing and directing. He was soon directing feature-length productions, and his 1918 work Thomas Graals bästa barn (Thomas Graal's First Child), starring Karin Molander, and with Victor Sjöström in the leading role, received much acclaim.
By 1920, having directed more than 35 films, including Sir Arne's Treasure and Erotikon, Stiller was a leading figure in Swedish filmmaking. He also directed The Blizzard starring a young Einar Hanson and based on the Selma Lagerlöf novel En herrgårdssägen.
Stiller and Garbo
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At the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, he met a young actress named Greta Gustafsson whom he cast in an important but secondary role in his film, Gösta Berlings saga (The Atonement of Gosta Berling), and who some[who?] have said gave her the stage name Greta Garbo. For Stiller, the screen presence of the 20-year-old actress led to him bringing her and Hanson to the United States after he accepted an offer from Louis B. Mayer to direct for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
In Hollywood, Stiller was assigned to direct The Temptress (1926), Garbo's second film with MGM, but he could not deal with the studio structure. After repeated arguments with MGM executives, he was replaced on the film by Fred Niblo, and his contract with the studio terminated. Stiller immediately was hired by Paramount Pictures, where he made three successful films, but he was let go a second time while directing his fourth film because of his continuing disagreements with studio bosses.
Death and legacy
editStiller returned to Sweden in 1927 and died on 8 November 1928 from pleurisy at the age of 45.[3] He was interred in the Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm.[citation needed]
Stiller's contribution to the motion picture industry was recognised in 1960 with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1713 Vine Street. Originally his star was listed erroneously as "Maurice Diller"[1] and was not corrected until the late 1980s.[citation needed]
A theatre in Filmhuset, home of the Swedish Film Institute, was named in his honour as "Bio Mauritz".[4]
In Kristianstad, a monument was erected in his honour.[when?][citation needed]
In the Badehotellet episode "Feriebarnet",[when?] Kitty tells Frigh that Stiller wrote her a letter and wants to take her to Hollywood. When Fright admits he doesn't know who he is, Kitty replies that Stiller discovered Garbo and shows him a newspaper clipping of the photo of Garbo and Stiller posing on the deck of the SS Drottningholm.[citation needed]
Filmography
edit| Year | Film | Credited as | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Director | Writer | Actor | Role | ||
| 1912 | The Gardener (Trädgårdsmästaren) | Yes | Yes | Passenger | |
| 1912 | Mor och dotter | Yes | Yes | Yes | Raoul de Saligny |
| 1912 | I lifvets vår | Yes | von Plæin | ||
| 1912 | Den tyranniske fästmannen | Yes | Yes | Yes | Elias Pettersson |
| 1912 | De svarta maskerna | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1913 | Vampyren | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1913 | På livets ödesvägar | Yes | |||
| 1913 | När larmklockan ljuder | Yes | |||
| 1913 | När kärleken dödar | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1913 | Mannekängen | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1913 | The Conflicts of Life (Livets konflikter) | Yes | |||
| 1913 | Brother Against Brother (Gränsfolken) | Yes | |||
| 1913 | En pojke i livets strid | Yes | |||
| 1913 | Den okända | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1913 | Den moderna suffragetten | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1913 | Barnet | Yes | |||
| 1914 | Stormfågeln | Yes | |||
| 1914 | Skottet | Yes | |||
| 1914 | När svärmor regerar | Yes | Yes | Yes | Elias |
| 1914 | Kammarjunkaren | Yes | |||
| 1914 | För sin kärleks skull | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1914 | Det röda tornet | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1914 | Bröderna | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1915 | När konstnärer älska | Yes | |||
| 1915 | Minlotsen | Yes | |||
| 1915 | Mästertjuven | Yes | |||
| 1915 | Madame de Thèbes | Yes | |||
| 1915 | Playmates (Lekkamraterna) | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1915 | Hans hustrus förflutna | Yes | |||
| 1915 | Hans bröllopsnatt | Yes | |||
| 1915 | Hämnaren | Yes | |||
| 1915 | Dolken | Yes | |||
| 1916 | The Wings (Vingarne) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Film director |
| 1916 | Lyckonålen | Yes | |||
| 1916 | Kärlek och journalistik | Yes | |||
| 1916 | Kampen om hans hjärta | Yes | |||
| 1916 | Balettprimadonnan | Yes | |||
| 1917 | Thomas Graals bästa film | Yes | |||
| 1917 | Alexander den store | Yes | |||
| 1918 | Thomas Graals bästa barn | Yes | |||
| 1919 | Song of the Scarlet Flower (Laulu tulipunaisesta kukasta)[5] | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1919 | Sir Arne's Treasure (Herr Arnes pengar) | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1920 | Fiskebyn | Yes | |||
| 1920 | Erotikon | Yes | |||
| 1921 | Johan | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1921 | Guarded Lips (De landsflyktige) | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1923 | The Blizzard (Gunnar Hedes saga) | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1924 | The Saga of Gösta Berling (Gösta Berlings saga) | Yes | Yes | ||
| 1926 | The Temptress | Yes | replaced by Fred Niblo | ||
| 1927 | The Woman on Trial | Yes | |||
| 1927 | Hotel Imperial | Yes | |||
| 1927 | Barbed Wire | Yes | |||
| 1928 | Street of Sin | Yes | |||
References
edit- ^ a b Schneider, Steven Jay, ed. (2007). 501 Movie Directors. London: Cassell Illustrated. p. 29. ISBN 9781844035731. OCLC 1347156402.
- ^ "Mauritz Stiller". Biografiskt lexikon för Finland (in Swedish). Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. urn:NBN:fi:sls-5614-1416928958220.
- ^ Obituary New York Times, November 9, 1928, p. 21
- ^ "Cinemas". Swedish Film Institute. 11 August 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ Music by Armas Järnefelt, possibly the first original film music by a Nordic composer. See Hannu Salmi (2008) Järnefeltin jalanjäljillä: Laulu tulipunaisesta kukasta (1919) (In the footsteps of Järnefelt : Song of the Scarlet Flower). (In Finnish). Retrieved 24 August 2015.
External links
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