Matsumae Castle (松前城, Matsumae-jō) is a castle located in Matsumae in Hokkaidō, Japan, and is the northernmost castle in Japan.[1] The only traditional style Edo period castle in Hokkaidō, it was the chief residence of the han (estate) of the Matsumae clan.
| Matsumae Castle 松前城 | |
|---|---|
| Matsumae, Hokkaidō, Japan | |
 | |
  Matsumae Castle 松前城  Matsumae Castle 松前城 | |
| Type | Hirajiro (flatland castle) |
| Height | Three stories |
| Site information | |
| Condition | The original gate to the inner citadel (itself a reconstruction) and remnants of the stone walls and embankments remain |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1606 |
| Built by | Matsumae clan |
| In use | 1596 to Meiji Restoration |
| Materials | Earth, stone, and wood |
| Demolished | 1949 |
History
editFirst built in 1606 by daimyo Matsumae Yoshihiro under orders from the Tokugawa shogunate, which required his clan to defend the area, and by extension the whole of Japan, from the Ainu "barbarians" to the north. It burned down in 1637 but was rebuilt in 1639. It once controlled all passage through Hokkaidō to the rest of Japan.
The present castle complex, which dates from 1854, was constructed to deter attacks by foreign naval forces. Only the 30-metre-high tenshu (main tower) and a gatehouse survived destruction following the Meiji Restoration, which began in 1868. However, the tenshu burned down in 1949 and a concrete replica was built in 1960.[2]
Today, all of the castle site is now a public park.
Festivals
editApproximately 8,000 cherry trees are planted in Matsumae Park, which is approximately 150,000 m2 around the site of Matsumae Castle. More than 200,000 people visit the Matsumae Sakura Festival every spring to see cherry blossoms.[3]
Since 1984, the "Matsumae Castle Age Festival" has been held in August.[4]
See also
edit- Goryōkaku – a star fort constructed in the Bakumatsu era
References
edit- ^ "松前城" [Matsumae Castle]. Dijitaru Daijisen (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2013. OCLC 56431036. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2013-12-14.
- ^ Hinago, Motoo (1986). Japanese Castles. Kodansha International Ltd. and Shibundo. pp. 130–131. ISBN 0870117661.
- ^ 乱れ咲き. Hokkaido Shimbun. 1987.
- ^ 武者行列が行く 初の松前城下時代まつり. Hokkaido Shimbun. 1984.
Further reading
edit- Benesch, Oleg and Ran Zwigenberg (2019). Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 374. ISBN 9781108481946.
- De Lange, William (2021). An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles. Groningen: Toyo Press. p. 600. ISBN 978-9492722300.
- Schmorleitz, Morton S. (1974). Castles in Japan. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. ISBN 0-8048-1102-4.
External links
edit- Official website(Japanese)