In the Lutheran Church, Matins is a morning-time liturgical order combining features that were found in the Medieval orders of Matins, Lauds, and Prime. Lutherans generally retained the Order of Matins for use in schools and in larger city parishes throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. In some places, Matins continued to be sung in Latin still longer. For example, at the close of the eighteenth century in Leipzig, one historian records that "every Sunday and festival day the canonical hours taken over from the Roman Catholic Church are still being chanted before [the chief service] at 6:30 am."[1] The orders experienced a revival in the Confessional Renewal that took place in the 19th century, and now have a stable place in modern Lutheran liturgical books.
Representative examples
editA few examples of Matins in the Lutheran Church can be found below. The first column contains the Offices of Matins, Lauds, and Prime as found in the pre-Reformation breviary from the Archdiocese of Magdeburg. The second column provides the Office of Matins from the Lutheran Cathedral of Havelberg, a suffragan of Magdeburg, as found in the 1589 Vesperale of Matthäus Ludecus, dean of the Havelberg Cathedral. The third column provides Matins as it was sung in the Lutheran Cathedral of Magdeburg in 1613, precisely one century after the pre-Reformation breviary in the first column. The final column contains the Order of Matins as found in the 1941 Lutheran Hymnal of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. Along with the outline of the office itself, the various propers for Matins of the First Sunday in Advent are also included.
| Magdeburg Breviary (1513) | Vesperale (Havelberg, 1589) | Cantica Sacra (Magdeburg, 1613) | The Lutheran Hymnal (LCMS, 1941) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matins | Matins | Matins | Matins |
| Domine labia mea aperies | Domine labia mea aperies | Domine labia mea aperies | "O Lord, open Thou my lips" |
| Deus in adiutorium meum intende | Deus in adiutorium meum intende | Deus in adiutorium meum intende | "Make haste, O God, to deliver me" |
| Gloria Patri | Gloria Patri | Gloria Patri | Glory be to the Father... |
| Alleluia | Alleluia | Alleluia | Alleluia |
| Invitatory
Advent I:
|
Invitatory | Invitatory
Advent I:
|
Invitatory
Advent I:
|
| Venite | Venite | Venite | Venite |
| First Nocturne | |||
| Hymn | |||
Psalmody
|
Psalmody
|
Psalmody
|
Psalmody - "One or more psalms shall be said or chanted"
Advent I: Unspecified |
| Versicle
Advent I:
|
|||
| First Lection
Advent I:
|
Lections | Three Lections on Feasts and Sundays, one on Ferias
Advent I:
|
Lections - one or more |
| Responsory (common, seasonal, or proper to a certain Sunday or feast)
Advent I:
|
Responsory (common, seasonal, or proper to a certain Sunday or feast)
Advent I:
|
Three Responsories on Sundays and Feasts, one on Ferias (common, seasonal, or proper to a certain Sunday or feast)
Advent I:
|
Responsory (common, seasonal, or proper to a certain Sunday or feast)
Advent I:
|
| Second Lection
Advent I:
|
Second Lection
Advent I:
|
||
| Responsory
Advent I:
|
Responsory
Advent I:
|
||
| Third Lection
Advent I:
|
Third Lection
Advent I:
|
||
| Responsory
Advent I:
|
Responsory
Advent I:
|
||
| Second Nocturne | |||
Psalmody
|
Psalmody
|
||
| Versicle
Advent I:
|
|||
| Fourth Lection
Advent I:
|
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| Responsory
Advent I:
|
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| Fifth Lection
Advent I:
|
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| Responsory
Advent I:
|
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| Sixth Lection
Advent I:
|
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| Responsory
Advent I:
|
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| Third Nocturne | |||
Psalmody
|
Psalmody
|
||
| Versicle
Advent I:
|
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| Seventh Lection
Advent I:
|
See Third Lection | ||
| Homily
Advent I:
|
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| Responsory
Advent I:
|
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| Eighth Lection
Advent I:
|
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| Responsory
Advent I:
|
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| Ninth Lection
Advent I:
|
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| Responsory
Advent I:
|
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| Sermon (optional) | |||
Te Deum
|
Te Deum | Te Deum | Te Deum or Benedictus |
| Dominus vobiscum and Oremus
Advent I:
|
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| Lauds | Lauds | Lauds | |
Psalmody
|
Psalmody
|
Psalmody
|
|
| Hymn (seasonal, common, or proper)
Advent I: |
Hymn (seasonal, common, or proper)
Advent I: |
Hymn | |
| Chapter
Advent I:
|
Chapter (German version of what was read in Matins)
Advent I:
|
||
| Versicle and response (seasonal, common, or proper)
Advent I:
|
|||
Benedictus with antiphon (usually proper, frequently taken from Gospel at Mass)
|
Benedictus with antiphon | Benedictus with antiphon (usually proper, frequently taken from Gospel at Mass)
|
|
| Versicle
Advent I:
|
|||
| Collect
Advent I:
|
Collect
Advent I:
| ||
| Prime | Prime | Prime | |
| Hymn - Nocte surgentes | Hymn - Jam lucis orto sydere | ||
Psalmody
|
Psalmody
|
||
Chapter
|
|||
Responsory
|
Responsory
|
||
| Ninefold Kyrie | Threefold Kyrie | ||
| Pater noster | "Our Father..." | ||
| Preces | Optional suffrages | ||
| Confiteor | |||
| Preces | |||
| Dominus vobiscum and Oremus | Dominus vobiscum and Oremus | "The Lord be with you" | |
| Collect - Domine sancte Pater omnipotens... | Collects
Collect for Grace: "O Lord, our heavenly Father..." | ||
| Versicles | |||
| Collect - Actiones nostras... | |||
| Oremus | |||
| Collect - Sancta Maria mater Domini... | |||
| Deus in adiutorium meum intende (x3) | |||
| Gloria Patri | |||
| Threefold Kyrie | |||
| Pater noster | |||
| Versicles (Psalm 90:16-17) | |||
| Oremus | |||
| Dirigere et sanctificare... | |||
| Dominus vobiscum | Dominus vobiscum | ||
| Benedicamus Domino | Benedicamus Domino | Benedicamus Domino | "Bless we the Lord." |
| Benediction |
References
edit- ^ Leonhardi, p. 416; cited in Stiller, p. 49
Bibliography
edit- Leonhardi, F. G. (1799). Geschichte und Beschreibung der Kreis- und Handelsstadt Leipzig nebst der umliegenden Gegend. Leipzig.
- Stiller, Günther (1984). Leaver, Robin A. (ed.). Johann Sebastian Bach and Liturgical Life in Leipzig. Translated by Bouman, Herbert J. A.; Poellot, Daniel F.; Oswald, Hilton C. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. ISBN 0-570-01320-8.
- Breviarum Magdeburgense. Magdeburg. 1513.
- Ludecus, Matthäus (1589). Vesperale et Matutinale, hoc est cantica, hymni, et collectæ, sive precationes ecclesiasticæ, quæ in Primus et Secundis Vesperis, itemque Matutinis precibus, per totius anni circulum, in Ecclesiis et religiosis piorum congressibus cantari usitate solent, notis rite applicatæ, et in duas partes ordine digestæ a Matthaeo Ludeco, Ecclesiæ Cathedralis Havelbergensis Decano. Havelberg.
- Cantica Sacra, Quo ordine et melodiis, per totius anni curriculum, in Matutinis et Vespertinis, itemque; Intermediis precibus cantari solent, una cum lectionibus et precationibus in unum volumen congesta pro S. Metropolitana Magdeburgensi Ecclesia. Magdeburg: Andreas Bezelius (Petzel). 1613.
- The Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America (1941). Polack, W. G. (ed.). The Lutheran Hymnal. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House.