The Marumo Medal, Class II was instituted by the State President of the Republic of Bophuthatswana in 1988.[1][2]
| Marumo Medal, Class II | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Military decoration for merit |
| Country | .svg){kind=small} Bophuthatswana |
| Presented by | the State President |
| Status | Discontinued in 1994 |
| Established | 1988 |
 Ribbon bar | |
| BDF pre-1994 & SANDF post-2002 orders of wear | |
| Next (higher) | BDF precedence:
SANDF precedence:
|
| Next (lower) | BDF succession:
SANDF succession:
|
.svg){kind=small}
The Bophuthatswana Defence Force
editThe Bophuthatswana Defence Force (BDF) was established upon that country's independence on 6 December 1977. The Republic of Bophuthatswana ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 and the Bophuthatswana Defence Force was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).[3][4][5]
Institution
editThe Marumo Medal, Class II was instituted by the State President of Bophuthatswana in 1988. It is the junior award of a set of two, along with the Marumo Medal, Class I.[1]
"Marumo" can be translated as "fight" or "fighting", adopted into Setswana from a command used by Shaka Zulu.
Award criteria
editThe medal could be awarded for merit in action.
Order of wear
editSince the Marumo Medal, Class II was authorised for wear by one of the statutory forces which came to be part of the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, it was accorded a position in the official South African order of precedence on that date.[1][6]
- Bophuthatswana Defence Force until 26 April 1994
- Official BDF order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Defence Force Commendation Medal.
- Succeeded by the Nkwe Medal.[1]
- Bophuthatswana official national order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Defence Force Commendation Medal.
- Succeeded by the Police Medal for Combating Terrorism.[1]
- South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994
- Official SANDF order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Defence Force Medal of the Republic of Venda.
- Succeeded by the Defence Force Medal of the Republic of Transkei.[1]
- Official national order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Prisons Service Commendation Medal of the Republic of Ciskei.
- Succeeded by the Defence Force Medal of the Republic of Transkei.[1]
The position of the Marumo Medal, Class II in the order of precedence remained unchanged, as it was on 27 April 1994, when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted in April 1996 for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again when a new series of military orders, decorations and medals was instituted in South Africa on 27 April 2003.[1]
Description
edit- Obverse
The Marumo Medal, Class II is a medallion struck in silver, 38 millimetres in diameter and 3 millimetres thick at the rim, with an encircled silver cross in a square frame in the centre, surrounded by eight green enameled triangles, the whole depicting four green-tipped arrows or spears arranged as a cross.[7]
- Reverse
The reverse has the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.
- Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide and cobalt blue, with two three-coloured bands, spaced 10 millimetres apart and 3 millimetres from each edge, each consisting of a 1 millimetre wide green band, a 1 millimetre wide cobalt blue band, a 4 millimetres wide yellow band, a 1 millimetre wide cobalt blue band and a 1 millimetre wide green band.[7]
Discontinuation
editConferment of the Marumo Medal, Class II was discontinued when the Republic of Bophuthatswana ceased to exist on 27 April 1994.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005, OCLC 72827981
- ^ Republic of Bophuthatswana Constitution Act, 1977
- ^ South Africa Homeland Militaries, May 1996 (Accessed 1 May 2015)
- ^ Peled, Alon (1998), A Question of Loyalty: Military Manpower Policy in Multiethnic States, Cornell Studies in Security Affairs, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 50f, ISBN 0-8014-3239-1
- ^ a b Warrant of the President of the Republic of South Africa for the Institution of the "UNITAS MEDAL-UNITAS-MEDALJE", Gazette no. 16087 dated 25 November 1994.
- ^ Republic of South Africa Government Gazette no. 15093, Pretoria, 3 September 1993
- ^ a b Uniform: SA Army: Former Forces Medals - Bophuthatswana Defence Force (BDF)