Martin Joseph Quigley Sr. (May 6, 1890 – May 4, 1964)[1] was an American publisher, editor, and film magazine journalist. He founded Exhibitors Herald, which became a prominent national trade paper for the film industry.[2] Quigley was also the founder of Quigley Publishing.
Publishing and journalism career
editBorn in Cleveland, Ohio,[3] Martin Quigley began his career as a police reporter in Chicago in 1910.[4]
In 1915, he purchased the film trade journal Exhibitors Herald. Two years later, he acquired and merged it with Motography.[2] In 1927, Quigley acquired The Moving Picture World and combined it with Exhibitors Herald, publishing it as Exhibitors Herald and Moving Picture World, which was later shortened to Exhibitors Herald World.
In 1930, he acquired Motion Picture News[5] and merged it with his existing publications to create the Motion Picture Herald.[6][7][8]
Shortly after, Quigley merged his remaining three publications — Exhibitors Trade Review, Exhibitors Daily Review, and Motion Pictures Today — to form Motion Picture Daily.[9]
In 1929, the first edition of The Motion Picture Almanac was published and subsequently became an annual publication.[10]
Role in Motion Picture Production Code
editQuigley was an active proponent and co-author of the Motion Picture Production Code, which governed the content of Hollywood movies from the 1930s to the 1960s. A devout Catholic, he began lobbying in the 1920s for a more comprehensive code that not only listed material deemed inappropriate for movies but also established a moral framework that films could help promote — specifically, a system rooted in Catholic theology.[5]
To achieve this, Quigley recruited Father Daniel A. Lord, a Jesuit priest and instructor at Saint Louis University, to draft the code. On March 31, 1930, the board of directors of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association formally adopted it. While the original version was popularly known as the Hays Code, both it and its later revisions are now more commonly referred to as the Production Code.[5]
Personal life and death
editQuigley held staunch conservative views, particularly regarding the film industry. His son, Martin Quigley Jr., who shared his father's views, became involved in editing and publishing the various periodicals established by Quigley Sr. However, he had far less influence due to the changing cultural landscape and the gradual decline of the Production Code.[5]
Quigley Sr. died at Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center in Manhattan on May 4, 1964, two days before his 74th birthday.[5]
References
edit- ^ Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014. Social Security Administration.
- ^ a b "Exhibitors Herald Mar–Apr 1924". Lantern. Media History Digital Library. Retrieved December 27, 2014.
- ^ U.S. World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942
- ^ "Martin Quigley", MPPDA Digital Archives
- ^ a b c d e "Martin Quigley, Wrote Film Code". The New York Times. May 5, 1964.
- ^ "The Press: Cinema Corner". Time. December 22, 1930. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009.
- ^ "Screen Papers Merged: Exhibitors' Herald and Moving Picture World Close Deal". The New York Times. December 30, 1927.
- ^ "Film Magazines Merge". The New York Times. December 15, 1930. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
- ^ American Film Institute (1997). The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1. University of California Press. p. xii. ISBN 0520209699. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
- ^ The Motion Picture Almanac. Quigley Publishing Company. Retrieved June 10, 2018.