Marie-Antoinette Lix (31 May 1839 – 14 January 1909) was a French governess and heroine of the 1863–64 January Uprising against Russia who later fought in the Franco-Prussian War.
Marie-Antoinette Lix | |
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| Born | 31 May 1839 Colmar, Haut-Rhin, Alsace, France |
| Died | 14 January 1909 |
| Nationality | French |
| Other names | Tony Lix |
Lix was born in Colmar, Haut-Rhin, Alsace, France to François-Antoine Lix and Françoise Schmitt.[1] She was given a full military education by her father, who later sent her to Sisters of Divine Providence in Ribeauvillé to be further educated. After graduating as a teacher, she became a governess to the Łubieński family, a Polish noble family in Szyce. She joined the Polish insurrection against Russia in 1863, dressed as a man, acted as a courier on the side of the Polish rebels,[2] but was captured by the Russians and then released. She returned to France in 1866.[3]
Following the Battle of Sedan (1870) in the Franco-Prussian War, Lix joined the French Army under General Pierre de Failly. She was a sniper in Lamarche as a lieutenant before joining General Albert Cambriels' troops. She participated in the defense of Vosges and the city of Langres, and distinguished herself during the Battle of Nompatelize on 6 October 1870.[3]
She died in 1909 in Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, Meurthe-et-Moselle. In 1910, an organisation of women of Strasbourg and Colmar donated a silver sword in her honour to the Musée de l'Armée in Paris.[3]
References
edit- ^ Alsace-Lorraine, Germany, French Citizenship Declarations (Optants), 1872
- ^ Françoise d'Eaubonne, L'Amazone sombre : vie d'Antoinette Lix, 1837-1909, Ed. Encre, Paris, 1983, 309 p. (ISBN 9782864181569)
- ^ a b c "Les femmes de Colmar et de Strasbourg honorent Marie-Antoinette Lix | Le blog des collections" (in French). Musée de l'Armée. 27 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2019.