Maria Kondratyevna Gorokhovskaya (Russian: Мария Кондратьевна Гороховская, Ukrainian: Марія Кіндратівна Гороховська; 17 October 1921 – 22 July 2001) was a Soviet gymnast of Jewish descent. At the 1952 Summer Olympics, she was the first woman to win seven medals at one Olympics. That is the highest number of medals won by a woman in a single Olympics,[2] which is an achievement shared by only one other female athlete, the Australian swimmer Emma McKeon, who achieved that at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in 2021.[3]
| Maria Gorokhovskaya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | 17 October 1921 Yevpatoria, Crimean ASSR, Russian SFSR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 22 July 2001 (aged 79) Tel Aviv, Israel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gymnastics career | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discipline | Women's artistic gymnastics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country represented |  Soviet Union | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Club | Stroityel Kharkov[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
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Competing for Budivelnyk Kharkov, Gorokhovskaya won her first USSR title on the balance beam in 1948. She came to the Helsinki Olympics as the twofold national champion. Soviet gymnastics had never competed at major international tournaments before, and it was the first Olympics in which the country participated.
The Soviet gymnasts dominated the competition, with Gorokhovskaya leading them. In all four individual apparatus events – the balance beam, floor exercise, the vault and the uneven bars – Gorokhovskaya finished second. This performance earned her the gold medal in the all-around competition, finishing ahead of team-mate Nina Bocharova by eight tenths of a point.[1]
With seven of the eight Soviet gymnasts finishing in the top ten, it was clear that the team gold medal would go to them. Gorokhovskaya won her seventh medal in the now discontinued team exercise with portable apparatus, where the Soviet team finished second behind Sweden.[1]
Gorokhovskaya made one more international appearance as a part of the winning Soviet team at the 1954 World Championships, and retired afterwards. She then worked as a judge (international since 1964) and a lecturer.
In 1990, Gorokhovskaya, who was Jewish,[4] emigrated to Israel, where she worked as a gymnastics coach until her death.[1] In 1991 she was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.[5]
Achievements (non-Olympic)
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| Year | Event | AA | Team | VT | UB | BB | FX | RG | HB |
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| 1947 | USSR Championships | 2nd | |||||||
| 1948 | USSR Championships | 2nd | 1st | ||||||
| 1949 | USSR Championships | 3rd | 3rd | 2nd | 1st | ||||
| 1950 | USSR Championships | 2nd | 3rd | 3rd | 3rd | 1st | |||
| 1951 | USSR Championships | 1st | 3rd | 2nd | 1st | ||||
| 1952 | USSR Championships | 1st | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 1st | |||
| 1953 | USSR Championships | 1st | |||||||
| 1954 | World Championships | 1st | 3rd | ||||||
| USSR Championships | 2nd | 1st |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Maria Gorokhovskaya". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020.
- ^ "Leading Olympic Medalists". Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "'The two key moments that turned Emma McKeon into a record breaker'". MSN. 1 August 2021.
- ^ Uri Miller. Jews in Sport in the USSR. Yivo Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ "Maria Gorokhovskaya".