Marand (Persian: مرند)[a] is a city in the Central District of Marand County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5]
Marand
Persian: مرند | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
  Marand | |
| Coordinates: 38°25′51″N 45°46′27″E / 38.43083°N 45.77417°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | East Azerbaijan |
| County | Marand |
| District | Central |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Reza Asadi[2] |
| • parliament member | Hassannejad |
| Population (2016)[3] | |
| • Total | 130,825 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
Marand is among the major cities of East Azerbaijan province. It is in the northwest of the capital of the province, Tabriz. Marand has been known by various names in history, such as Maryana, Mandagarana, and Maranda.
Etymology
editMoritz von Kotzebue and August von Haxthausen both described local legends that placed the burial spot of Noah's wife at Marand. Both authors contended that the name of the city means "the mother lies here," referring to Noah's wife.[6][7] According to Kotzebue:
Of Maranda, it is likewise asserted by the local Armenians, that Noah's immediate descendants settled there, and even that it is the place of his wife's interment. Who could have neglected the sight of such a hallowed ground? Curiosity led us to the spot, and we found that the Moslems had built, on the place where Noah's wife is reported to have been buried, a chapel, with bare walls, which are not so cleanly as the religion of Mahomet prescribes. When the chapel was finished, nobody, however, would undertake to point out the actual spot where the body lay. A miracle solved their doubts. Thirty-eight years ago, during an earthquake, the ground opened, and two Mollahs (Moslem priests), of whom we saw one in the chapel, together with several inhabitants, witnessed the sudden appearance of a large tomb of stone, which, however, soon vanished in the opening. From that time, true believers have been convinced that Noah's wife lies interred there; although it would seem, that the honour of actual sepulture is a point at issue between her and Noah's mother, as Maranda signifies, in the Armenian language, the "mother lies here." This grave, perhaps, contributed to induce the [Imperial Russian] Ambassador to rest here a day.[6]
History
editThe history of the town goes back to the pre-Islamic era.[8] Between 815 till 850, Marand was primarily controlled by Mohammad ibn Ba'ith who was Iranicized to a considerable extent.[8] The elders of Maragha who quoted his Persian poetry also praised his bravery and his literary ability.[8] He was Iranicized to considerable extent and the statement of Tabari on him is evidence of the existence of the cultivation of poetry in Persian in northwest Persia at the beginning of the 9th century.[8]
Demographics
editPopulation
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 114,165 in 29,755 households.[9] The following census in 2011 counted 124,323 people in 35,805 households.[10] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 130,825 people in 40,275 households.[3]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Marand (2000-2005) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) |
4.3 (39.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
15.7 (60.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.0 (87.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
2.8 (37.0) |
16.5 (61.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
0.6 (33.1) |
5.8 (42.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
21.3 (70.3) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.6 (78.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
12.1 (53.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.1 (22.8) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
1.5 (34.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.9 (67.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
7.6 (45.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.8 (1.09) |
26.1 (1.03) |
44.0 (1.73) |
60.0 (2.36) |
53.8 (2.12) |
13.7 (0.54) |
10.5 (0.41) |
5.6 (0.22) |
5.4 (0.21) |
17.1 (0.67) |
43.3 (1.70) |
31.0 (1.22) |
338.3 (13.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0) | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 96.7 |
| Average snowy days | 8.0 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 7.2 | 30 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72 | 62 | 52 | 51 | 49 | 38 | 35 | 34 | 37 | 47 | 62 | 72 | 51 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | −6.3 (20.7) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
6.1 (43.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
7.8 (46.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
1.1 (34.0) |
| Source: IRIMO[11] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
editFor a complete list see: Category:People from Marand
- Ganjali Sabahi (1909–1990) - Writer
- Aboutaleb Talebi (born 1945) - wrestler
- Musa Kalantari (1949–1981) - politician
- Jalil Farjad (born 1951) - Theatre and film actor
- Gholamreza Shafeei (born 1951) - politician
- Isa Kalantari (born 1952) - politician
- Mohammad-Taghi Pourmohammadi (born 1956) - cleric
- Shirin Bina (born 1964) - Theatre and film actor
- Meysam Naghizadeh (born 1986) - football player
- Mohsen Delir (born 1988) - football player
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ Also romanized as Morand; Azerbaijani: Mərənd[4]
References
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (4 September 2024). "Marand, Marand County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 4 September 2024.
- ^ "شهردار مرند برکنار شد/ موحدنیا ، بیست و ششمین شهردار مرند شد". nasrnews.ir.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): East Azerbaijan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Marand can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3074041" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2013) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the country divisions of East Azerbaijan province centered on the city of Tabriz. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Notification 8284/2T142K. Archived from the original on 4 August 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2023 – via Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of the Farabi Library of Mobile Users.
- ^ a b Kotzebue, Moritz von (1819). Narrative of a Journey into Persia, in the Suite of the Imperial Russian Embassy, in the Year 1817. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. pp. 143–146.
- ^ Haxthausen, Baron August von (2016) [1854-55]. Transcaucasia and the Tribes of the Caucasus. Translated by John Edward Taylor. Introduction by Pietro A. Shakarian. Foreword by Dominic Lieven. London: Gomidas Institute. p. 141. ISBN 978-1909382312.
- ^ a b c d Minorsky, “Marand” in Encyclopaedia of Islam. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Vol. 6, (1991): p. 504 "According to one of al-Tabari's authorities (iii, 1388), the shaykhs of Maragha who praised the bravery and literary ability (adab) of Ibn Bai'th also quoted his Persian verses (bi'l-fdrisiyya). This important passage, already quoted by Barthold, BSOS, ii (1923), 836–8, is evidence of the existence of the cultivation of poetry in Persian in north-western Persia at the beginning of the 9th century. Ibn Bai’th must have been Iranicised to a considerable extent, and, as has been mentioned, he relied for support on the non-Arab elements in his Rustakhs (‘Uludj Rasatikhi’)”
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): East Azerbaijan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): East Azerbaijan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ "Statistics of 200 synoptic Stations: Marand(99200)" آمار 200 ایستگاه سینوپتیک کشور. Chaharmahalmet (asp) (in Persian). Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
LATITUDE: 38 28 N LONGITUDE : 45 46 E ELEVATIO:N 1550.0 M
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)