Manley Ottmer Hudson (May 19, 1886 – April 13, 1960) was an American lawyer specializing in public international law. He was a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice, a member of the International Law Commission, and a mediator in international conflicts.
Manley Ottmer Hudson | |
|---|---|
 Hudson in 1924 | |
| Born | May 19, 1886 Saint Peters, Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | April 13, 1960 (aged 73) Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | William Jewell College (BA, MA) Harvard University (LLB, SJD) |
| Occupation(s) | Professor, International law jurist, Chairman of the International Law Commission |
| Known for | Work in public international law |
The American Society of International Law named a medal after him; as did Harvard University and University of Missouri School of Law with a professorship.
Biography
editEarly life and education
editHudson was born in Saint Peters, Missouri. He studied at the William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri, achieving a bachelor's degree in 1906 and master's degree in 1907. While at William Jewell, Hudson was initiated into the Alpha-Omega chapter of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity.[1] In 1910 he earned a LL.B. from Harvard Law School, as well as a S.J.D. in 1917.[2] He received further PhDs from William Jewell College (1928), the University of Missouri (1931), and the University of Delaware (1934).[3]
Career
editHe became professor at Harvard in 1919, heading the department of international law from 1923 to 1954. He also was a guest lecturer at the Hague Academy of International Law (1925), the University of Calcutta (1927), and the Graduate Institute of International Studies in 1936. Furthermore, he was an advisor and member of the law department of the League of Nations, the United States Department of State, and others.
He became editor of the American Journal of International Law in 1924. Hudson married Janet Norton Aldrich in 1930 and was the father of two sons, Manley Ottmer, Jr. and Peter.[4]
Hudson was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1931 and the American Philosophical Society in 1941.[5][6]
A member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration since 1933, he became a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice in 1936 and held that position until the dissolution of that court in 1946. Since 1936, he was an associate of the Institut de Droit International. He also was an advisor and lecturer for international law at the Naval War College from 1946 to 1952. From 1949 to 1952, he was president of the American Society of International Law and first chairman of the International Law Commission. He was appointed Special Rapporteur for the study of nationality including statelessness by the International Law Commission on 26 July 1951.[7]
Death and legacy
editHe retired in 1954, and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on April 13, 1960.[8][9]
His widow gave his collected 18,000 letters, notes, and manuscripts to the library of Harvard in 1964. He left his collection of 1000 law books to the American Society of International Law, which created the Manley-O.-Hudson medal in his honor. He was nominated for the Nobel peace prize in 1933 and 1951. His successor at Harvard was Louis Bruno Sohn.
Works
edit- The Permanent Court of International Justice and the Question of American Participation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1925.
- Current International Cooperation. Calcutta, India: Calcutta University Press, 1927.
- Progress in International Organisation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1932.
- By Pacific Means. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1935.
- International Legislation (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1937, co-edited with Ruth E. Bacon)[10] and
- World Court Reports: A Collection of the Judgments, Orders and Opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Volume III, 1932-1935 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1938, co-edited with Ruth E.Bacon)[11]
- The Permanent Court of International Justice 1920-1942. New York: Macmillan, 1943.
References
edit- ^ Caduceus of Kappa Sigma. A few Kappa Sigmas of the Many Listed in "Who's Who in America" Caduceus of Kappa Sigma Vol. LXII, No. 6, August, 1947, p. 521. Archived from the original on 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ Harvard Law School (1920). Quinquennial Catalogue of the Law School of Harvard University, 1817-1919. Cambridge [Mass.]: The Law School. p. 380. Archived from the original on 2023-04-07. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ Staff report (April 14, 1960). Manley Hudson, Law Scholar, 73; Member of World Court, 1936-45, Dies. Ex-Harvard Professor Led U. N. Unit. New York Times
- ^ "Death Comes at age 73 to Int. Law Scholar". Harvard Law Record. April 21, 1960. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
- ^ "Manley Ottmer Hudson". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
- ^ See Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1951, vol. I, pp. 418–419, paras. 1–12 and Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1951, vol. II Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine, Chapter VIII
- ^ Staff report (April 25, 1960). US news headlines. Time
- ^ Jessup, Philip C. (1960). "Manley Hudson 1886–1960". American Journal of International Law. 54 (3): 603–604. doi:10.1017/S000293000017157X. ISSN 0002-9300. Archived from the original on 2023-11-23. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ Hudson, Manley O. and Ruth E. Bacon, eds., International Legislation (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1937).
- ^ Hudson, Manley O., and Ruth E. Bacon, eds., World Court Reports: A Collection of the Judgments, Orders and Opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Volume III, 1932-1935 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1938).
External links
edit- ASIL Presidents: Manley Ottmer Hudson
- Manley Ottmer Hudson Papers 1894-1960 via Harvard University