Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number of 25. It is found as the free element in nature (often in combination with iron), and in many minerals. The free element is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses. Manganese ions are variously colored, and are used industrially as pigments and as oxidation chemicals. Manganese (II) ions function as cofactors for a number of enzymes; the element is thus a required trace mineral for all known living organisms.
List of countries
editThis is a list of countries by manganese ore mining in 2015, based on United States Geological Survey accessed in 2016.
| Rank | Country/Region | Manganese production (tonnes) |
|---|---|---|
| World | 18,000,000 | |
| 1 |  South Africa |
6,200,000 |
| 2 |  China |
3,000,000 |
| 3 |  Australia |
2,900,000 |
| 4 |  Gabon |
1,800,000 |
| 5 |  Brazil |
1,000,000 |
| 6 |  India |
950,000 |
| 7 |  Malaysia |
400,000 |
| 8 |  Ukraine |
390,000 |
| 9 |  Kazakhstan |
390,000 |
| 10 |  Ghana |
390,000 |
| 11 |  Mexico |
240,000 |
| 12 |  Myanmar |
100,000 |
| Other countries | 740,000 |
- Pilbara Manganese, a subsidiary of Consmin, operates the Woodie Woodie manganese mine[1]
In 1932 Hanson wrote the book on Manganese deposits of Canada.[2]
- The province of Nova Scotia has a several occurrences and had economic mining activity from 1860 for 80 years. Most of the occurrences lie along the south shore of the Bay of Fundy, for example Manganese Mines.[3][4][5][6][7] An exception is the New Ross NS hard rock mine.[8]
- New Brunswick was mined for manganese during the 1800s, for example near Woodstock NB and Shepody, New Brunswick.[9][10]
The Kalahari Manganese Field (KMF) located in the Northern Cape of South Africa is a source of manganese.[11]
References
edit- ^ "Woodie Woodie" (PDF). consmin.com. 2015. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
- ^ Hanson, G. (1932). Manganese Deposits of Canada (PDF). Ottawa: Geological Survey, Department of Mines.
- ^ "Manganese Mines | Not Your Grandfathers Mining Industry, Nova Scotia, Canada".
- ^ "New Ross | Not Your Grandfathers Mining Industry, Nova Scotia, Canada".
- ^ "Tennycape | Not Your Grandfathers Mining Industry, Nova Scotia, Canada".
- ^ "Loch Lomond | Not Your Grandfathers Mining Industry, Nova Scotia, Canada".
- ^ "Nicholsville | Not Your Grandfathers Mining Industry, Nova Scotia, Canada".
- ^ "From the Mineral Inventory Files – The New Ross Manganese Mines: Square Peg in a Round Hole" (PDF). novascotia.ca. 2005. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
- ^ "Manganese – Mineral Commodity Profile No. 1" (PDF). gnb.ca. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
- ^ "Shepody Mountain, Manganese mine". August 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Our assets - Ntsimbintle Holdings".
- ^ "Hotazel Complex". miningdataonline.com. Retrieved 2024-06-04.