Magdalena–Santa Marta mangroves

The Magdalena-Santa Marta mangroves ecoregion (WWF ID:NT1417) covers the mangrove forests along the coast of Colombia on the Caribbean Sea, from Gulf of Urabá in the west at the Colombia-Panama border to the Guajira Peninsula in the east.[1][2] [3] The region is relatively dry, with low precipitation and high evapotranspiration, so the mangroves depend for water and nutrients on the rivers flowing across the estuarine plain from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains to the east. Efforts are currently underway to restore mangroves degraded by development and road building from the 1950s to 1980s.[3]

Magdalena-Santa Marta mangroves
Ecoregion territory (in red)
Ecology
RealmNeotropic
BiomeMangroves
Geography
Area3,108 km2 (1,200 sq mi)
CountryColombia
Coordinates11°00′N 75°45′W / 11°N 75.75°W / 11; -75.75

Location and description

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Although this ecoregion stretches across 750 km of the Colombia coast, significant mangrove forests exist at only a few large sites. These sites are typically at the estuaries of large rivers or where low-lying plains meet the Caribbean. The main mangrove areas are (from southwest to northeast):

Climate

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The climate of the ecoregion is Tropical savanna climate - dry winter (Köppen climate classification (Aw)). This climate is characterized by relatively even temperatures throughout the year, and a pronounced dry season. The driest month has less than 60 mm of precipitation, and is drier than the average month.[5][6] Precipitation in the ecoregion is relatively low, 460-700 mm/year, with high evapotranspiration (1,400 mm/year).[1]

Flora and fauna

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The mangroves are mixed forests, with characteristic species of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), and buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus). Almost half of the mangrove areas have been degraded in the past 40 years by increasing salinity and decreased flows in fresh water caused by human development.[3]

The mangroves are important nurseries for fish, with over 130 species of fish identified in the mangroves around Santa Marta alone.[1]

Protected areas

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Officially protected areas covering portions of these mangrove sites include:

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Magdalena-Santa Marta mangroves". World Wildlife Federation. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  2. ^ "Map of Ecoregions 2017". Resolve, using WWF data. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Magdalena-Santa Marta mangroves". The Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  4. ^ "Sistema Delta Estuarino del Río Magdalena, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta". RAMSAR Sites Information Service. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  5. ^ Kottek, M.; Grieser, J.; Beck, C.; Rudolf, B.; Rubel, F. (2006). "World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  6. ^ "Dataset - Koppen climate classifications". World Bank. Retrieved September 14, 2019.