The Lynton Convict Hiring Depot (1853–1857) was the first convict depot north of Fremantle, Western Australia. It was established on 22 May 1853 with the arrival of the 173-ton brigantine Leander,[1] which transferred 60 ticket-of-leave convicts and Pensioner Guards (retired British soldiers) that had arrived at Fremantle on Pyrenees on 1 May.[2] It was established to supply labour to the Geraldine Lead Mine, 52 kilometres (32 mi) north-east of the site on the Murchison River, and to local settlers.[3] The depot was closed by order of Governor Arthur Kennedy on 3 January 1857 due to the high cost to the government of its maintenance.[4][5][6]
 Lynton Convict Hiring Depot ruins | |
 | |
| Location | Yallabatharra |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 28°12′36″S 114°18′40″E / 28.210088°S 114.311057°E |
| Opened | 22 May 1853 |
| Closed | 3 January 1857 |
| Street address | Port Gregory Road |
| County | Shire Of Northampton |
| State/province | Western Australia |
| Country | Australia |
| Type | State Registered Place |
| Designated | 02 Jun 1995 |
| Reference no. | 1915 |
| Official name | Lynton Convict Hiring Depot |
| Type | Historic |
| Designated | 26 Mar 1985 |
| Reference no. | 9688 |
| Place File Number | 5/03/144/0005 |
The staff of the depot included, for a time, Thomas Leonowens, the husband of Anna Leon Owens, who later become prominent as the author of a memoir regarding her career as a governess to the royal family of Siam (Thailand). The Leonowens' son, Louis was born at Lynton.[7]: 20–24
Five Irish immigrant women from what was called a bride ship are also known to have arrived in Western Australia at Lynton.[8][9]
By 1856 a store, bakery, depot, lockup, hospital, lime kiln and administration block had all been built but a lack of fresh vegetables had seen the convict population ravaged by scurvy. It was decided to close the settlement and the convicts were transferred with the officer in charge to Champion Bay in 1857. The transfer seems to have been due to the growing importance of the town of Geraldton, and the need for public works in the district.[5]
Lynton remains the most intact example of a regional convict depot in Western Australia.[10] Entered on the Register of the national estate and vested in the Northampton Shire Council, conservation works are in progress via the Northampton Historical Society.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "The Independent Journal". The Perth Gazette and Independent Journal of Politics and News. Vol. 6, no. 286. Western Australia. 17 June 1853. p. 2. Retrieved 25 May 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Pyrenees". Convicts to Australia. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
- ^ Gibbs, Martin (December 2010). "Landscapes of Redemption: Tracing the Path of a Convict Miner in Western Australia". International Journal of Historical Archaeology. 14 (4): 593–613. doi:10.1007/s10761-010-0121-y. S2CID 144504928. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
- ^ "Wednesday, February 2, 1859". The Inquirer & Commercial News. 2 February 1859. p. 2. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Early Convict Depot". The Western Mail. 11 April 1946. p. 12. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
- ^ Wright, Judy (2006). Selling Sparrows. Dunstable, Bedfordshire: J.H. Wright & The Book Castle. ISBN 978-0955351600.
- ^ Habegger, Alfred; Foley, Gerard (2010). Anna and Thomas Leonowens in Western Australia, 1853‐1857 (PDF) (Report). Occasional Papers. State Records Office of Western Australia, Department of Culture and the Arts, Government of Western Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Erickson, Rica (1992). The Bride Ships – Experiences of Immigrants Arriving in Western Australia 1849-1889. Carlisle, Western Australia: Hesperian Press. ISBN 0-85905-162-5.
- ^ Gibbs, Martin (2007). "Lynton: convicts, landscape and colonisation strategies in midwest Western Australia" (PDF). Australasian Historical Archaeology. 25: 57–69. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
- ^ Shire of Northampton (31 December 2016). "Lynton Convict Hiring Depot (Ruins)". State Heritage Office. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
- ^ Vivian, Geoff (18 July 2018). "Calls to protect historical Lynton Convict Depot site". The West Australian. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
Further reading
edit- Gibbs M. & I. Lilley 1993 Management Plan for the Lynton Convict Hiring Depot. National Trust of Australia (W.A.) for the Australian Heritage Commission
- Interim database entry at Heritage Council of Western Australia