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Lycia et Pamphylia

Lycia and Pamphylia (Latin: Lycia et Pamphylia; Koinē Greek: Λυκία καὶ Παμφυλία, romanized: Lykía kaì Pamphylía) was the name of a province of the Roman Empire, located in southern Anatolia. It was created by the emperor Vespasian (r. 69–79), who merged Lycia and Pamphylia into a single administrative unit.[1][2] In 43 AD, the emperor Claudius had annexed Lycia.[3][4] Pamphylia had been a part of the province of Galatia.

Province of Lycia and Pamphylia
Provincia Lycia et Pamphylia (Latin)
ἐπαρχία Λυκίας καὶ Παμφυλίας (Koinē Greek)
Province of the Roman Empire
74–325

CapitalAttalia
(modern-day Antalya, Turkey)
Historical eraAntiquity
• Established
74
• Disestablished
325
Today part ofTurkey
The Roman provinces of Asia Minor under Trajan, including Lycia et Pamphylia.
The Roman empire under Hadrian (ruled 117–38), showing the senatorial province of Lycia et Pamphylia in southern Anatolia

The borders drawn by Vespasian ran west of the River Indus (which flowed from its upper valley in Caria) from the Pisidian plateau up to Lake Ascanius (Burdur Gölü), to the south of Apamea. In the north and east it formed a line which followed the shores of the lakes Limna (Hoyran Gölü) and Caralis (Beyşehir Gölü), turned south towards the Gulf of Adalla (mare Pamphylium) and followed the Taurus Mountains (Toros Dağları) for some ten miles towards east up to Isauria. It then followed Cilicia Trachea to reach the sea to the west of Iotape. The borders were drawn taking into account geographical and economic factors. The whole of the basins of the rivers Xanthus, Cestrus (Ak Su) and Eurymedon (Köprü Irmak) were included. The main cities were at the mouth of the latter two rivers. In Pisidia and in Pamphylia they were in part followed by the few roads into the interior of Anatolia. The most important one was the road from Attalea (Antalya) to Apamea. In Lycia the road from Patara towards Laodicea on the Lycus followed the coast. Important cities were Side, Ptolemais, Gagae and Myra on the coast, Seleucia, inland and Cremna, Colbhasa and Comama, on the Pisidian Plateau, where Augustus had founded Roman colonies (settlements). On the Milyas plateau there were Oenoanda, Tlos, Nisa, Podalia, Termessus, and Trebenna. Other important cities in Lycia include Pednelissus, Ariassus, and Sagalassus; along the Eurymedon, Aspendus and Perge, which had a sanctuary of Artemis. The most important city in the region was Patara, at the mouth of the Xanthus.

Under the administrative reforms of emperor Diocletian (reigned AD 284–305), who doubled the number of Roman provinces by reducing their size, Lycia et Pamphylia was split into two separate provinces. The provinces were grouped into twelve dioceses which were under the four Praetorian prefectures of the empire. Lycia and Pamphylia were under of Diocese of Asia (Dioecesis Asiana), of the Praetorian Prefecture of Oriens (the East).

Governors

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(List based on Rémy Bernard, Les carrières sénatoriales dans les provinces romaines d'Anatolie au Haut-Empire (31 av. J.-C. - 284 ap. J.-C.) (Istanbul: Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes-Georges Dumézil, 1989), pp. 279-329)

Imperial legates

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Senatorial praetorian proconsuls

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Equestrian procurators

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  • Terentius Marcianus (reign of Probus)
  • Flavius Areianus Alypius (reign of Probus)

Notes

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  1. ^ Şahin, Sencer; Mustafa Adak (2007). Stadiasmus Patarensis. Itinera Romana Provinciae Lyciae. Ege Yayınları. pp. 85–93.
  2. ^ Fatih Onur (2008). "Two Procuratorian Inscriptions from Perge". Gephyra. 5: 53–66.
  3. ^ Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars; The Life of Claudius, 23.3
  4. ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History, 60.17.3-4
  5. ^ Added from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 13 (1983), pp. 169-173
  6. ^ Added from Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 207-211
  7. ^ Christol and Drew-Bear argue Fronto was one of the first proconsuls of Lycia et Pamphylia (Michel Christol and Thomas Drew-Bear, "D. Fonteius Fronto, Proconsul de Lycie-Pamphylie", Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies, 32 (1991), pp. 397-413) and not of Asia, per French (David French, "D. Fonteius Fronto, proconsul (of Asia)" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 29 (1978), pp. 211-212).
  8. ^ Weiß P. Ein neuer Prokonsul von Lycia-Pamphylia auf einem Militärdiplom (165/166 n. Chr.). EA. 1999;31:77-82.
  9. ^ The names and dates for the years 180 through 197 are taken from Özdizbay A, Şahin H. Neue Inschriften aus Perge 1: L. Annius Annianus, Prokonsul von Pamphylia-Lycia-Isauria. PHILIA. 2016;2:98-112.
  10. ^ This is the name Peter Thonemann and Funda Ertugrul ("The Carminii of Attouda", Epigraphica Anatolica, 38 (2005), pp. 75-86) provide for him; Leunissen calls him "(Marcus Ulpius) Carminius Athengoras" (Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 151, 301).
  11. ^ Nuray Gökalp, "Iulius Tarius Titianus, proconsul of Lycia et Pamphylia", Gephyra 8 (2011), pp. 125-128

References

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  • Fatih Onur (2008). "Two Procuratorian Inscriptions from Perge". Gephyra 5: 53–66.
  • Jones, A. H. M., The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, Oxford University Press academic monograph reprints, 1998; ISBN 978-0199240098
  • Şahin, Sencer Mustafa Adak (2007). Stadiasmus Patarensis. Likya Eyaleti Roma Yollari / Itinera Romana Provinciae Lyciae, Arkeoloji Sanat Yayinlari, 2011; ISBN 978-6053962670 (in Turkish)
  • Syme R., "Galatia and Pamphylia under Augustus: The Governorships of Piso, Quirinius and Silvanus", Klio, 27 (1934), pp. 122–147;
  • Syme R., "Pamphylia from Augustus to Vespasian", Klio, 30 (1937), pp. 227–231

36°15′37″N 29°18′51″E / 36.2603°N 29.3142°E / 36.2603; 29.3142

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