The Loolecondera estate was the first tea plantation estate in Sri Lanka, established in 1867 by Scotsman James Taylor. The estate is located 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Kandy, Sri Lanka.[1][2]
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History
editThe Loolecondera estate was purchased from the Crown by James Joseph Mackenzie in 1841 to establish a coffee plantation.[3] The estate lay between 900 and 1,500 m (3,000 and 4,900 ft) above sea level and was covered in dense forest,[4] which wasn't cleared for a decade. In October 1852 a seventeen-year-old James Taylor arrived in Ceylon, having signed up as an assistant supervisor with George Pride for three years. Upon his arrival he was sent to Loolecondera, under the supervision of a Mr. Williams. By 1857 he was the manager of Loolecondera.
In the late 1860s coffee plantations across the island were devastated by the fungal disease Hemileia vastatrix, also known as coffee leaf rust. Coffee plantations were forced to diversify.
In 1865 Taylor began experimenting with planting cinchona.[5] In 1865, on the instructions of the owners of the estate, he acquired Chinese tea seeds from the Peradeniya Botanical Gardens, these were planted along the sides of the roads and in the paths through the coffee plantation. In 1867 Taylor cleared 7.7 hectares (19 acres) of land on the estate and planted the first tea plantation, using Assam hybrid tea seeds. By that time Loolecondera had become the property of Messrs. Harrison and Leake, the partners of the firm of Keir Dundas & Co., Kandy.
In 1872, he started a tea factory with his latest invention of the tea leaves cutting machine.
He spent most of his life in Loolecondera until his death in 1892.
Some of the early equipment used by Taylor at Loolecondera has been relocated and are displayed at the Ceylon Tea Museum, housed in the former Hanthana Tea Factory.[6][7]
Etymology
editLoolecondera is a corruption into British English of the native name "Lool kandura" (ලූල් කඳුර in Sinhala). Loolkandura means "the stream full of loola fish" (Channa striata).
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "TED Case Studies – Ceylon Tea". American University, Washington, DC.
- ^ "The rise of the Ceylon Tea Industry James Taylor and the Loolecondera Estate". Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 2004-01-19. Retrieved 2008-04-05.
- ^ Fernando, Maxwell (2001). The Geography of Tea. Standard Trading Company. p. 77. ISBN 9789558677001.
- ^ Wilson, Les (2021). Putting the Tea in Britain: The Scots Who Made Our National Drink. Birlinn. ISBN 9781788852876.
- ^ Fry, Carolyn (6 January 2007). "The Kew Gardens of Sri Lanka". Travel. London: Timesonline, UK. Retrieved 11 June 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "Ceylon Tea Museum in Hantana".
- ^ "Ceylon Tea Museum - Love Sri Lanka". 18 April 2020.
External links
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