Loney Clinton Gordon (1915–1999) was an African-American chemist and laboratory researcher who assisted doctors Pearl Kendrick and Grace Eldering with bacteriological virulence research leading to the creation of the pertussis vaccine.[2]
Loney Clinton Gordon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Loney Clinton October 8, 1915[1] Arkansas |
| Died | July 16, 1999 (aged 83)[1] (at 83) |
| Alma mater | Michigan State College |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Bacteriology, Public Health |
Early life and education
editGordon was born in Arkansas in 1915, and moved to Michigan with her family as a young child.[3] In 1939, Gordon earned a bachelor's degree in home economics and chemistry from what was then called Michigan State College.[4] Following college, she sought a career as a dietitian. She found a job working as a dietitian in a mental institution in Virginia, but, according to a 1999 interview with Gordon by Grand Valley State University history professor Carolyn Shapiro Shapin, Gordon said the doctor treated her poorly and she was given inadequate living quarters. She returned to Grand Rapids to seek work, but she was informed that "white male chefs would not want to take orders from a black female dietitian."[4][2] She was hired by Dr. Kendrick to support pertussis research at the Michigan Department of Health's Grand Rapids lab around 1944.[3]
Research
editIn the early 1940s, Gordon tested thousands of culture plates, trying to find the culture that would have sufficient virulence to make the vaccine.[3][2] The work was conducted at Western Michigan Laboratories, later known as Kent Community Hospital, located in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Gordon's work focused on pertussis cultures and virulence of the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.[5] Gordon's analysis of pertussis cultures led to identification of a powerful strain of the organism, which enabled the development of an effective vaccine.[3]
The Michigan Biological Products Division, which was part of the Michigan Health Department, began producing the vaccine for state use in 1938, and then distributed across the United States by 1940.[4][6] The identification of sheep blood as essential for incubating the bacterial cultures in petri dishes in the laboratory is attributed to Gordon.[3][4]
Recognition
editIn 1997, the Grand Rapids Public Library had a display on several prominent Michigan women, including Gordon.[3]
Michigan House of Representatives Resolution No. 115, sponsored by Representative Lynne Martinez recognized the work of Gordon.[7] The resolution stated, "in sincere appreciation and acknowledgment to Loney Gordon for the contribution that she has made to the health of the citizens of our State, our nation, and the world through her work in the development of a vaccine against whooping cough..."
Gordon was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 2000.[4]
Gordon, alongside Eldering and Kendrick, are honored with a statue titled Adulation: The Future of Science at the Michigan State University Research Center in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The statue, designed by Jay Hall Carpenter, is part of the city's Community Legends Project, which seeks to build statues honoring prominent Grand Rapids figures.[8][9]
Later life and death
editGordon worked for the Michigan Department of Health beginning in around 1956 and retiring in 1978.[3]
After World War II, Gordon was selected to travel to Europe and the Middle East with the National Council of Christian and Jews to "take the pulse of the people" in the area.[3]
Gordon died in 1999.[3]
Personal life
editLoney Clinton married Howard Gordon on June 23, 1956.[3][10]
References
edit- ^ a b "Loney O Gordon - Death Record". Death-records.mooseroots.com. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ a b c Conniff, Richard (March 2022). "The Unsung Heroes Who Ended a Deadly Plague". Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Finding aid for the Michigan women and the whooping cough vaccine collection Collection 328" (PDF). Grplpedia.grpl.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Loney Clinton Gordon". Michigan Women's Historical Center & Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
- ^ "How 2 women scientists created whooping cough vaccine". Michigan Live. 25 January 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
- ^ Shapiro-Shapin, Carolyn G. (2007). ""A Whole Community Working Together": Pearl Kendrick, Grace Eldering, and the Grand Rapids Pertussis Trials, 1932-1939". Michigan Historical Review. 33 (1): 59–85. doi:10.1353/mhr.2007.0001. JSTOR 20174193. S2CID 150019731.
- ^ "Journal No. 62 of the Michigan House of Representatives, House Resolution No. 115" (PDF). Legislature.mi.gov. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ Scott, Monica (2019-09-27). "Sculpture honors Grand Rapids women who pioneered whooping cough vaccine". mlive. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ "Community Legends Sculptures Tour". Experience Grand Rapids. 2024-02-06. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-18. Retrieved 2018-04-09.
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