List of wars involving Mongolia

The following is an incomplete list of major wars fought by Mongolia, by Mongolian people or regular armies during periods when independent Mongolian states existed, from antiquity to the present day.

The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Mongolian victory

  Mongolian defeat

  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)

  Ongoing conflict

Mongolian tribes

This section contains list of wars involving Xianbei, Wuhuan, Wusun and other Mongol tribes.

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
2nd century	Wuhuan Uprising	Wuhuan	Northern Xiongnu	Wuhuan victory
93	Battle of Ikh Bayan	Xianbei	Xiongnu	Xianbei victory
97–130	Raids on cities Liaodong Peninsula	Xianbei	Han Dynasty	Unclear
117	Xianbei Conflict with Wusun	Xianbei	Wusun	Xianbei defeat
119	Raid on Ma-chen-sai	Xianbei	Xiongnu	Defeat
122	The attack on Yanmen and Dingxiang	Xianbei	Han Dynasty	Defeat
121	Han-Xianbei war	Xianbei	Han Dynasty	Victory
123	Attack's on Northern Xiongnu	Xianbei	Xiongnu	Victory
155	Dismemberment Xiongnu	Xianbei Han Dynasty	Xiongnu	Victory Xiongnu destroyed on four parts
2nd century	Xianbei-Buyeo conflict	Xianbei	Buyeo	Victory
2nd century	Tanshihuay's campaign against Wusun	Xianbei	Wusun	Xianbei victory
166	Great campaign to Caspian Sea by Tanshihuay	Xianbei	Everything on way to Caspian Sea	Victory
177	Han-Xianbei conflict	Xianbei	Han Dynasty	Victory
177	Xia Yu, Bian Yan and Tsang Ming campaign against Xianbei.	Xianbei	Han Dynasty	Victory
2nd–3rd century	Helyan's raid on China.	Xianbei	Han Dynasty	Defeat

Rouran Khaganate

This section contains list of wars involving Rouran Khaganate

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
508–540	Rouran-Tiele people wars	Rouran Khaganate	Tiele people	Victory
554–555	Ashina Revolt	Rouran Khaganate	First Turkic Khaganate	Defeat Destruction of the Rouran Khaganate

Khitan Empire/Liao Dynasty

This section contains list of wars involving Liao Dynasty

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
906–926	The conquest of the Balhae State	Liao Dynasty	Balhae	Victory Destruction of the Balhae State
923–936	The proxy war with the Later Tang	Liao Dynasty	Later Tang	Victory
979	Battle of Gaoliang river	Liao Dynasty	Song Dynasty	Victory
986	Battle of Qigou Pass	Liao Dynasty	Song Dynasty	Victory
993	First conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War	Liao Dynasty	Kingdom of Goryeo	Victory
1010–1011	Second conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War	Liao Dynasty	Kingdom of Goryeo	Victory
1019	Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War	Liao Dynasty	Kingdom of Goryeo	Defeat
1114–1125	Jin-Khitan war	Liao Dynasty	Jin dynasty (1115–1234)	Defeat Liao Empire destroyed

Mongol Empire

This section contains list of wars involving Mongol Empire.

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1187	Battle of Dalan Balzhat	Genghis Khan	Jamukha	Genghis Khan defeat
1201	Battle of the Thirteen sides	Genghis Khan	Jamukha	Genghis Khan victory
1201–1205	Conquest Forest Peoples (Southern Siberia)	Mongols	Forest Peoples	Victory
1205–1210	Mongol conquest of Western Xia	Mongols	Western Xia	Victory
1209	Mongol invasion of the Kingdom of Qocho	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Qocho	Victory
1211–1234	Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty	Mongol Empire	Jin dynasty	Victory
1216–1218	Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai	Mongol Empire	Qara Khitai	Victory
1219–1231	Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire	Mongol Empire	Khwarazmian Empire	Victory
1218	First Kyrgyz revolt against Mongol empire	Mongol Empire	Kyrgyz states	Victory Leader of revolt Kurlun executed Thousands of Kyrgyz people massacred
1220–1223	The Mongol conquest of Cumania	Mongol Empire	Kipchaks	Victory
1220–1238	Mongol invasions of Georgia	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Georgia	Victory
1220–1236	Mongol invasions of Armenia	Mongol Empire	Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	Victory
1221–1225	First Mongol invasions of India	Mongol Empire	Punjab Sindh Kerman	Victory
1223–1240	Mongol invasion of Rus	Mongol Empire	Vladimir-Suzdal Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia Novgorod Republic Smolensk Rostov Chernigov Ryazan Pereyaslavl	Victory
1223–1236	The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria	Mongol Empire	Volga Bulgaria	Victory
1225–1227	Punitive expedition in Western Xia	Mongol Empire	Western Xia	Victory
1227	1227 Incident	Mongol Empire	Jin Dynasty Western Xia Song Dynasty	Mongols ravaged Jie (階) Feng (鳳) Cheng (成) He (和) Tianshui (天水) Wenzhou(文州) prefectures
1231	First Mongol invasion of Korea	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Goryeo	Victory
1232	Second Mongol invasion of Korea	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Goryeo	Defeat
1235–1239	Third Mongol invasion of Korea	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Goryeo	Victory
1240–1241	Mongol invasion of Tibet	Mongol Empire	Tibet	Victory
1235–1279	Mongol conquest of Song China	Mongol Empire	Song dynasty	Victory
1235–1241	Mongol conquest of Kashmir	Mongol Empire	Kashmir Deli Sultanate	Victory
1237–1253	First Mongol invasions of Dzurdzuketia	Mongol Empire	Chechens Ingush Ossetians Lezgins Avars Alans	Defeat
1237–1253	Mongol invasion of Circassia	Mongol Empire	Circassians	Defeat
1240–1241	First Mongol invasion of Poland	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Poland Knights Templar Teutonic Knights Knights Hospitaller	Victory
1241–1242	Mongol invasion of Moldova and Wallachia	Mongol Empire	Moldova and Wallachia	Victory
1241–1243	Mongol invasion of Anatolia	Mongol Empire	Sultanate of Rum Georgian auxiliaries Trapezuntine auxiliaries Latin mercenaries	Victory
1242	First Mongol invasion of Hungary	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Hungary	Victory
1242	Mongol invasion of the Bulgaria	Mongol Empire	Second Bulgarian Empire	Victory
1242	Mongol invasion of Serbia	Mongol Empire	Serbia	Victory
1242	Fourth Mongol invasion of Korea	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Goryeo	Victory
1253	Mongolian conquest of Dali Kingdom	Mongol Empire	Dali Kingdom	Victory
1254–1255	Kashmir uprising	Mongol Empire	Kashmir rebels	Uprising crushed
1255	Fifth the Mongol invasion of Korea	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Goryeo	Victory
1257–1258	The Mongol invasion in the Abbasid Caliphate	Mongol Empire	Abbasid Caliphate	Victory
1257–1258	First Mongol invasion of Delhi Sultanate	Mongol Empire	Delhi Sultanate	Peaceful agreement
1257–1258	Dai Viet-Mongol War	Mongol Empire	Tran Dynasty Champa	Defeat
1258	Sixth Mongol invasion of Korea	Mongol Empire	Kingdom of Goryeo	Peaceful agreement
1259–1260	Second Mongol invasion of Poland	Mongol Empire	Polish states	Victory
1260	Mongol invasions of the Levant	Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire Kingdom of England Knights Templar Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (1259–1264)	Mamluk Sultanate Ayyubids Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (after 1264) Karamanid rebels Abbasid Caliphate	Mongol victory over the Abbasids, Ayyubids and Nizaris Mamluk victory over the Mongols Treaty of Aleppo
1261	2nd Kyrgyz revolt against Mongol empire	Mongol empire	Kem-Kemjiut state	Victory
1274	First Mongol invasion of Japan	Mongol Empire	Kamakura Japan	Defeat
1281	Second Mongol invasion of Japan	Mongol Empire	Kamakura Japan	Defeat
1293–1298	Second Mongol invasion of Delhi Sultanate	Mongol Empire	Delhi Sultanate	Defeat

Mongolian States

This section contains list of wars involving different Mongolian states existed between the 13th and 14th centuries.

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1252–1254	Kuremsa raid on East Volyn	Golden Horde	Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia	Defeat
1270–1273	Sambyeolcho Rebellion	Yuan dynasty	Sambyeolcho army	Victory
1275–1276	Ruthenians and Mongols winter raid to Lithuania	Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Golden Horde	Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Defeat
1262	Berke–Hulagu war	Golden Horde	Ilkhanate	Inconclusive
1268–1301	Kaidu–Kublai war	Yuan dynasty Ilkhanate	Chagatai Khanate Golden Horde	Inconclusive
1277–1278	First Mongol invasion of Burma	Yuan dynasty	Pagan Empire	Victory
1282–1284	The Mongol invasion of Champa	Yuan dynasty	Champa	Defeat
1285	Dai Viet-Mongol War	Yuan dynasty	Tran dynasty	Defeat
1285–1286	Second Mongol invasion of Hungary	Golden Horde	Kingdom of Hungary	Defeat
1287–1288	Third Mongol invasion of Poland	Golden Horde Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia	Kingdom of Poland Kingdom of Hungary	Defeat
1287–1288	Third Mongol invasion of Vietnam	Yuan dynasty	Tran dynasty	Defeat
1287–1288	Mongol invasion of Java	Yuan dynasty	Majapahit Empire Kingdom of Singhasari Kediri Kingdom	Defeat
1351–1368	Red Turban Rebellion	Yuan dynasty	Red Turban Army	Defeat Destruction of the Yuan dynasty
1380	Combining Blue-Horde and White-Horde	Wings of the Golden Horde	Wings of the Golden Horde	Inconclusive
1380s and early 1390s	Tokhtamysh–Timur war	Golden Horde	Timurid Empire	Timurid Victory

Post-imperial Mongolia

This section contains list of wars involving different post-imperial Mongolian states (Northern Yuan Dynasty, Dzungar Khanate, Four Oirat)

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1388–1399	Rise of the Oirats	Northern Yuan Dynasty	Four Oirat	Defeat Creation of a Western Mongolian state
1409	Battle of Kherlen	Northern Yuan Dynasty	Ming Dynasty	Victory
1409–1424	Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols	Northern Yuan Dynasty	Ming Dynasty	Defeat
1449	Tumu Crisis	Oirats	Ming Dynasty	Victory
1449	Defense of Beijing	Oirats	Ming Dynasty	Inconclusive Oirats successfully traded emperor Yingzong for valuables
1479–1510	Second concatenate Mongolian tribes	Dayan Khan coalition	Various Taishis	Victory Unification of the Mongols
1500–1501	Raid Dayan Khan on Ningxia	Northern Yuan Dynasty	Ming Dynasty	Defeat
1501–1507	Northern Yuan-Ming Dynasty War	Northern Yuan Dynasty	Ming Dynasty	Eventual Victory
1550	Siege of Beijing	Tumed Mongols	Ming Dynasty	Victory More than 60% of city burned Forced peace treaty between Ming and Mongols Capture of many valuables such as horse, silk and gold
1529–1571	Dayan Khans raid on Ming Dynasty	Northern Yuan Dynasty	Ming Dynasty	Northern yuan victory Ming and Northern Yuan signs peace treaty
1538	Uriankhai uprising	Northern Yuan Dynasty	Tuvans	Revolt suppressed
1542	Dayan Khan deathbed clash with Chinese troops	Northern Yuan Dynasty	Ming Dynasty	Victory
1600–1635	Chahar-Jurchen War	Northern Yuan Dynasty	Later Jin	Defeat Fall of Northern Yuan
1687–1698	First Dzungar-Qing War	Dzungar Khanate	Qing dynasty	Defeat
1688	Russian empire invasion to Lake Baikal, Buryat lands	Khalkha Mongols Tüsheet Khan	Russian Empire	Victory Khalkhas pillaged and burned Russian settlements Khalkhas raided and plundered Russians and their reinforcements
1715–1739	Second Dzungar-Qing War	Dzungar Khanate	Qing dynasty	Peaceful agreement
1755–1759	Ten Great Campaigns genocide of the Dzungars	Dzungar Khanate	Qing dynasty	Defeat Capture of the Dzungar Khanate

Dzungar Khanate and Kalmyk Khanate

This section contains list of wars involving Dzungar Khanate and Kalmyk Khanate.

Dzungar Khanate

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1635	Kazakh-Dzungar conflict	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1640	Dzungar campaign against the Kazakh Khanate	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1643	Battle of Orbulaq	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1678–1680	Dzungar conquest of Altishahr	Dzungar Khanate	Yarkent Khanate	Victory
1680	Dzungar invasion of Tengeri Mountains	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Victory
1680	Dzungar invasion of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Victory Tauke Khan's son taken as prisoner
1681	Dzungar invasion of Turfan	Dzungar Khanate	Yarkent Khanate	Victory
1681	Dzungar invasion of Hami	Dzungar Khanate	Yarkent Khanate	Victory
1683	Galdan Boshigt's invasion of Kazakh khanate	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Victory Galdan's army reaches Tashkent and Syr Darya Galdan's army subjugates Black Kirghizes and ravages Ferghana v Valley
1683–1684	Dzungar campaign against the Kazakh Khanate	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Victory Dzungars seized Sayram, Tashkent, Shymkent, and Taraz
1690	Battle of Ulan Butung	Dzungar Khanate	Qing Dynasty	Unclear
1696	Battle of Jao modo	Dzungar Khanate	Qing Dynasty	Defeat
1711	Kazakh counteroffensive against the Dzungars	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1712	Kazakh invasion of the Dzungar Khanate	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1713	Dzungar campaign against the Kazakh Khanate	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1713–1716	Bucholz's expedition to Dzungaria	Dzungar Khanate	Tsardom of Russia	Victory
1714	Battle of the Ayagoz River	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Victory
1714	Kazakh invasion of the Dzungar Khanate	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1719–1720	Likharev's expedition to Dzungaria	Dzungar Khanate	Tsardom of Russia	Victory
1723–1730	Dzungar-Kazakh War Battle of Añyraqai	Dzungar Khanate Kalmyk Khanate Supported by: Russian Empire	Kazakh Khanate	Initial victory, later defeat Kazakhs recaptured Central and Southern Kazakhstan
1730–1731	Irtysh Operation	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1730–1731	Altay Operation	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1731	Qing invasion of the Dzungar Khanate	Dzungar Khanate	Qing Dynasty	Victory
1731	Battle of Lake Khoton	Dzungar Khanate	Qing Dynasty	Victory
1741	Dzungar-Kazakh War	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat Ablai Sultan repulsed the Dzungar attack, expanded his field and organized campaigns in the inner regions of Dzungar
1752–1755	Dzungar-Kazakh War	Dzungar Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat Kazakh reconquest of the Eastern Kazakh Khanate
1755–1757	Dzungar-Qing War	Dzungar Khanate	Qing Dynasty	Defeat Destruction of the Dzungar Khanate Dzungar genocide

Kalmyk Khanate

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1608	Battle of the Baraba steppe	Kalmyk Khanate	Tsardom of Russia	Victory Tara District was devastated
1630	Siege of Yaik Cossack towns in Yaik River	Kalmyk Khanate	Tsardom of Russia	Defeat
1633–1635	Kalmyk Conquest of the Nogai Horde	Kalmyk Khanate	Nogai Horde	Victory In 1633, Kho-Urlyuk subjugated the Nogai Horde, resettled the Torguts there, led by his eldest son Shukur Daichin, and himself migrated to Emba. In 1635, the Torguts, having displaced the Nogais, spread along the left bank of the Volga from Astrakhan to Samara.
1680s	Kalmyk campaign against the Kazakh Khanate	Kalmyk Khanate	Kazakh Khanate Turkmen people	Victory Kalmyk conquest of Mangyshlak Turkmens
1696–1710	Kalmyk-Russian Coalition Great Northern War Bulavin Rebellion Bashkir rebellion of 1704–1711	Kalmyk Khanate Tsardom of Russia and other	*• Swedish Empire Holstein-Gottorp (1700–1714) Warsaw Confederation (1704–1709) Ottoman Empire (1710–1714) Crimean Khanate (1710–1714) Cossack Hetmanate (1708–1714) Dutch Republic (1700) England (1700) Scotland (1700) Ireland (1700) Great Britain (1719–1720) Bashkir rebels	Victory
1715	Crimean campaign to Astrakhan	Kalmyk Khanate	Crimean Khanate	Defeat 60,000 Kalmyks killed
1723–1726	Abulkhair's campaigns against the Kalmyk Khanate	Kalmyk Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1724	Volga-Saratov offensive	Kalmyk Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1737–1738	Kazakh campaign against the Kalmyks and Yaik Cossacks	Russian Empire Kalmyk Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1743–1747	Abul Khair–Neplyuyev conflict	Russian Empire Kalmyk Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat 815 Kalmyks and Russians were killed
1755	Zhaugash Batyr's counteroffensive	Kalmyk Khanate	Kazakh Khanate	Defeat
1756	First Kazakh–Qing War	Kalmyk Khanate Qing dynasty	Kazakh Khanate	Initial victory, later defeat 17,000 Chinese were killed in the Battle of the Shiderty River.
1771	Kalmyk Exodus to Dzungaria	Kalmyk Khanate	Kazakh Khanate Supported by: Russian Empire Qing dynasty	Defeat Liquidation of the Kalmyk Khanate This campaign turned into a national tragedy for the Kalmyks. On the way, the small Kalmyk ethnic group lost more than 100,000 people in just a year, in battle, from wounds, cold, hunger, disease, and captured

Beginning of the 20th century

This section contains list of wars and major battlesinvolving different Mongolian states that existed in the first four decades of the 20th century (Mongolia (1911–1924), Buryat-Mongolia, Uryankhay Republic).

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1911–1912	Mongolian Revolution of 1911	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia	Qing dynasty China	Victory Establishment of an independent Mongolia
1912	Liberation of Khovd	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia	Qing dynasty China	Victory
1913	Operation Бух чичүүр	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia	Republic of China|	Victory
1913	Operation Crazy Tiger Invasion	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia	Republic of China|	Victory
1912–1915	Bogd Khanate's attempt to liberate Inner Mongolia	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia	Republic of China|	Initial Victory Treaty of Khyagta (1915) Liberates Hulunbuir Liberates Shiliin gol Around 3000 Chinese killed
1917–1923	Russian Civil War — Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War	Buryat-Mongolia Green Ukraine	White Movement Red Army	Defeat
1919–1921	Occupation of Mongolia	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia Buryat-Mongolia White Movement	Republic of China	Initial defeat, Later victory Mongolian military defeat Liberation of Mongolia by the White Army's Asiatic Cavalry Division
1920	Liberation of Urga	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia Baron Ungern	Republic of China|	Victory
1921	Battle for Khyagta	RPGOM	Republic of China	Victory
1921	Mongolian Revolution of 1921	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia White Movement	RPGOM Red Army	Defeat of the Bogd Khaanate Creation of the Mongolian People's Republic
1935–1937	Suiyuan Campaign	Mongol Military Government Japan	China	Defeat

Mongolian People's Republic

This section contains list of wars involving Mongolian People's Republic.

Date	Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
1932	Khuvsgul Uprising	Mongolian People's Republic	Buddhist lamas Tibet (alleged) Empire of Japan (alleged)	Victory
1935	Battle of Khalkhyn Temple	Mongolian People's Republic	Empire of Japan	Victory
1939	Battles of Khalkhin Gol	Soviet Union Mongolian People's Republic	Empire of Japan Manchukuo	Victory
1939–1945	Soviet–Japanese War (World War II)	Soviet Union Mongolian People's Republic	Japan Manchukuo Mengjiang	Victory (for the Mongolian People's Republic)
1946–1948	Battle of Baitag Bogd	Soviet Union Mongolian People's Republic	China	Return to status quo ante bellum

Sources

• https://web.archive.org/web/20160721035626/http://www.legendtour.ru/rus/mongolia/history/history.shtml
• http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/HPH/index.html