This is a list of wars and armed conflicts in and involving Canada in chronological order, from the 11th century to the 21st century. It is divided into two main sections.
The first section outlines conflicts that happened in what is now Canada before its confederation in 1867. It includes notable events like the Battle of Vinland, Beaver Wars, Acadian Civil War, and various Anglo-Dutch Wars, highlighting the belligerents involved and the outcomes.
The second section discusses wars involving Canada since its confederation in 1867. It lists conflicts such as the Fenian Raids, Red River Rebellion, Mahdist War, Canada in World War I and Canada in World War II, detailing the combatants, results, and casualties for each event. Ongoing conflicts and military operations, such as the military intervention against the Islamic State and involvement in maritime security operations in response to Houthi attacks are also covered.
List
editColonial conflicts (11th century – 1867)
editThis section possibly contains original research. (June 2024) |
The following were conflicts that occurred in present-day Canada from the 11th century AD to the mid-19th century, prior to Canadian confederation. Belligerents in these conflicts typically involved colonies in Canada (e.g. New France, the Canadas), and/or First Nations groups residing in the region.
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Battles of Vinland (approximately 1000 CE) |
Vikings | Skræling | Skræling victory and Viking withdrawal[1] |
| Beaver Wars (1609–1701) |
Iroqouis | Algonquian allies | Military stalemate
|
| Acadian Civil War
(1635–1654) |
 Kingdom of France
|
Kingdom of France
|
Saint John Administration victory
|
| Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667) |
 Dutch Republic
|
 Kingdom of England
|
Status quo ante bellum
|
| Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674) |
Dutch Republic
|
Kingdom of England
|
Status quo ante bellum
|
| King William's War (1688–1697) |
Kingdom of France
|
England
|
Status quo ante bellum |
| Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) |
Kingdom of France
|
England (before 1707)
|
British-Allied victory
|
| Dummer's War (1722–1725) |
New England Colonies Mohawk |
Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Pequawket Mi'kmaq Maliseet |
|
| King George's War (1744–1748) |
Kingdom of France
|
 British Empire
|
Status quo ante bellum |
| Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755) |
Wabanaki Confederacy | British Empire
|
British victory
|
| Seven Years' War (1756–1763) |
Kingdom of France
Wabanaki Confederacy |
British Empire
Iroquois Confederacy |
British-Allied victory
|
| Pontiac's War (1763–1766) |
British Empire
|
Ottawas Ojibwas Potawatomis Hurons Miamis Weas Kickapoos Mascoutens Piankashaws Delawares Shawnees Wyandots Mingos Iroquois |
Military stalemate
|
| American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) |
British Empire
Onondaga |
 United States France Spain
Oneida |
American-Allied victory
|
| War of 1812 (1812–1815) |
 British Empire
Tecumseh's Confederacy |
 United States
|
Status quo ante bellum
|
| Pemmican War (1812–1821) |
 North West CompanyMetis |
 Hudson's Bay CompanySelkirk's settlers |
|
| Rebellions of 1837–1838 (1837–1838) |
 Lower CanadaChâteau Clique |
 Patriotes Republic of Lower Canada
|
Government victory
|
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Canada (1867–present)
editThe following table lists conflicts involving Canada since confederation in 1867. Since that time there have been 26 conflicts with 2 of them currently ongoing:
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Raids conducted in 1866 occurred in the Province of Canada, and the colony of New Brunswick, prior to Canadian confederation
- ^ Political legitimacy of all Houthi-led government bodies has been rejected by the United Nations, rival Yemeni factions, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the United States.
- ^ The Iranian government has deployed military personnel to Houthi-controlled Yemen, who are actively involved in attacks on commercial shipping.[37][38][39]
References
edit- ^ "Norse-Indigenous Contact". The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2024-10-25. Retrieved 2024-12-27.
- ^ "Nile Expedition". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
- ^ Panet, Charles Eugène (1886). Report upon the suppression of the rebellion in the North-West Territories and matters in connection therewith, in 1885. Ottawa: Department of Militia and Defence, Canada. p. xi – via University of Alberta Libraries.
- ^ "Canada and the South African War (Boer War) - 1899-1902". Canadian War Museum.
- ^ "Canada Remembers the South African War Historical Sheet". Veterans Affairs Canada. February 20, 2019.
- ^ Mougel, Nadège. "World War I casualties" (PDF). Centre européen Robert Schuman.
- ^ "The First World War". Veterans Affairs Canada. February 20, 2019.
- ^ "Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II". The National WWII Museum | New Orleans.
- ^ "Canada Remembers the Korean War Historical Sheet". Veterans Affairs Canada. February 20, 2019.
- ^ "Officer shot from Mohawk gunmen's location in pines". The Hamilton Spectator. August 14, 1995.
- ^ La Crise d'Oka – 11 juillet 1990. YouTube. November 22, 2013. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
- ^ "Canadian Armed Forces operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina". 25 July 2016.
- ^ dmalloy (2021-08-16). "How the Taliban did it: Inside the 'operational art' of its military victory". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
- ^ "Why Did the Afghan Army Evaporate?". rusi.orghttps. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
- ^ "A soldier's hard look back at Canada's Afghan mission". Policy Options. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
- ^ Taylor, Adam (2021-08-22). "The Taliban is flaunting captured U.S. weapons that may be worth billions. Can it use them?". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
- ^ "Canada and the War in Afghanistan". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Sep 11, 2001. Retrieved Mar 25, 2024.
In total, 165 Canadians died during the war in Afghanistan (159 soldiers, 7 civilians). More than 2,000 members of the CAF were wounded or injured during the war.
- ^ "Fallen Canadians Afghanistan". Veterans Affairs Canada.[dead link]
- ^ "Canadian Forces' Casualty Statistics (Afghanistan)". Canada News Center. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
- ^ a b Beaumont, Peter (12 June 2014). "How effective is Isis compared with the Iraqi army and Kurdish peshmerga?". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ "Syria pounds ISIS bases in coordination with Iraq". Daily Star. 15 June 2014.
- Ali A. Nabhan and Matt Bradley (25 June 2014). "Syrian Warplanes Strike in Western Iraq, Killing at Least 50 People". The Wall Street Journal.
- "Iraqi PM welcomes Syria air strike on border crossing". BBC News. 2014-06-26. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
- ^ a b "YNK: PKK and YPG are fighting in Şengal and Rabia against ISIS". 6 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- ^ "Seven Countries to sell weapons to Kurds". BasNews. 14 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
- ^ "Operation IMPACT". Government of Canada. 19 August 2014.
- ^ Adam Vidler (31 August 2014). "Australia to take up military role in Iraq conflict". Retrieved 2014-08-31.
- ^ "Involvement of Finnish SOF in the Battle of Mosul. Dutch government report" (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands.[dead link]
- ^ "Enhedslisten støtter dansk våbenfly til kurdere i Irak" (in Danish). DR. DR. 24 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
- ^ Coker, Margaret (12 November 2017). "With Iraqi-Kurdish Talks Stalled, Phone Diplomacy Averts New Clashes". New York Times.
- ^ "Troops force so-called Islamic State from their final stronghold in Iraq". ITV News.
- ^ "Iraq declares final victory over Islamic State". Reuters. 9 December 2017.
- ^ "Iraq in 2023: Challenges and prospects for peace and human security | SIPRI". www.sipri.org. 17 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
- ^ Lake, Eli (22 August 2014). "Obama vs ISIS: This time it's personal". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ "US weighs direct military action against ISIS in Syria". The New York Times. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ "French hostage beheading: France to boost Syria rebels". BBC News. 25 September 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
- ^ Mas, Susana. "ISIS airstrikes by Canada to end by Feb. 22, training forces to triple". CBC News.
- ^ John, Gavin (November 11, 2016). "Canadians making a difference against ISIS in Iraq". Toronto Sun.
- ^ Solomon, Jay (15 January 2024). "Iran's Revolutionary Guard deployed in Yemen". Semafor. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ Landay, Jonathan (8 December 2023). "Biden aide says Iran helps plan, execute attacks by Yemen's Houthis". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
- ^ a b Nakhoul, Samia; Hafezi, Parisa (20 January 2024). "Exclusive: Iranian and Hezbollah commanders help direct Houthi attacks in Yemen, sources say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ "Within 10 days.. 75 Houthis were killed in Western strikes" (in Arabic). Sky News Arabia. 21 January 2024. Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ "후티 반군 '북한 미사일' 사용 전적 주목...최근 '한글 표기' 발견되기도". Voice of America (in Korean). 19 January 2024. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
- ^ "Canada to participate in United States-led Operation Prosperity Guardian". www.canada.ca. National Defence. 19 December 2023. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.