List of the last monarchs in the Americas

This is a list of the last monarchs in the Americas.

North America

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Nation / territory Picture Name Birth Ruled from Rule Ceased Reason Death Arms
Barbados   Elizabeth II
Queen of Barbados
21 April 1926 30 November 1966 30 November 2021 Constitutional amendment 8 September 2022  
Clipperton Island   Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 Abdication
(Third Republic declared)
9 January 1873  
Costa Rica   Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Cuba   Alfonso XIII
King of Spain
(Under the regency of Maria Christina)
17 May 1886 10 December 1898 Spanish–American War
(Treaty of Paris)
28 February 1941  
Dominica   Elizabeth II
Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
21 April 1926 6 February 1952 3 November 1978 Granted independence by the United Kingdom 8 September 2022  
Dominican Republic   Napoleon I
Emperor of the French
15 August 1769 20 March 1804 2 May 1808 Returned to Spain following the Peninsular War 5 May 1821  
  Isabella II
Queen of Spain
10 October 1830 1861 1865 Dominican Restoration War 10 April 1904  
El Salvador   Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Gonâve   Faustin II
King of La Gonâve
November 1896 18 July 1926 1929 Returned to Haiti 8 October 1945  
Guadeloupe   Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 Abdication
(Third Republic declared)
9 January 1873  
Guatemala   Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Haiti   Faustin I
Emperor of Haïti
1782 26 August 1849 15 January 1859 Abdication
(Republic declared)
6 August 1867  
Honduras   Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Martinique   Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 French defeated at Sedan
(Third Republic declared)
9 January 1873  
Mexico   Cuauhtémoc
Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Emperor of the Aztecs
1502 1520 13 August 1521 Surrendered to Spaniards 1525  
  Cacamatzin
Tlatoani of Texcoco
1483 1515 1520 Murdered by Spaniards 1520
  Itzquauhtzin
Tlatoani of Tlacateotl
unknown 1475
  Nanacacipactzin
Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Spanish Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan
unknown 30 September 1563 27 December 1565 Death

Ceased to exist

27 December 1565
  Tlahuitoltzin
Tlatoani of Texcoco
Spanish Governor of Texcoco
unknown 1540 1546 Abdication  ?
Oquiztzin
Tlatoani of Tlacateotl
Spanish Governor of Governor of Tlacateotl
unknown 1567 1579 Abdication  ?
  Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication

(Republic declared)

19 July 1824  
  Maximilian I
Emperor of Mexico
6 July 1832 10 April 1864 15 May 1867 Executed by Republicans
(Republic declared)
19 June 1867  
Nicaragua   Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
  Robert II
King of the Miskito Kingdom
26 September 1872 11 November 1890 7 August 1894 Expelled 6 January 1908
 
Panama   Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 1813 28 November 1821 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833  
Saint Barthélemy   Oscar II
King of Sweden and Norway
21 January 1829 18 September 1872 16 March 1878 Sold to France 8 December 1907  
Saint Martin   Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 Abdication

(Third Republic declared)

9 January 1873  
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Trinidad and Tobago   Elizabeth II
Queen of Trinidad and Tobago
21 April 1926 31 August 1962 1 August 1976 Republican constitution adopted 8 September 2022  
Nation / territory Picture Name Birth Ruled from Rule Ceased Reason Death Arms

United States

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The Native American hereditary leaders during this time are not included. Those that are listed as former monarchs of what is now the continental United States were heads of European seated monarchies (or Mexican monarchs, such as Agustín I of Mexico and Maximilian I of Mexico) and themselves never set foot on American soil. Others were indigenous monarchs, such as Malietoa Tanumafili I, Tuʻi Manuʻa Elisala and Liliuokalani of Hawaii; The last monarch of each state and territory may not be the last colonial ruler (i.e. Louis XV is the last French monarch of Louisiana, but Napoleon Bonaparte, prior to becoming Emperor, was the last ruler of Louisiana). Also their end of reign may not be how the US acquired these states. One state can have more than one last monarch, since each state may have been the product of many different acquisitions by the United States. Different claims of a foreign country are taken into account.

By states

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State Picture Name Birth Ruled from Rule Ceased Reason Death Arms
Alabama   George III
King of Great Britain and Ireland
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
  Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
Alaska   Alexander II
Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias
29 April 1818 3 March 1855 30 March 1867 Alaska Purchase 13 March 1881  
Arizona   Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Arkansas   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
California   Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
  Nicholas I
Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias
6 July 1796 1 December 1825 1841 Fort Ross sold to John Sutter 2 March 1855  
Colorado   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Connecticut   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Delaware
Florida   Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 1813 22 February 1821 Adams–Onís Treaty 29 September 1833  
Georgia   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Hawaii   Liliʻuokalani
Queen of the Hawaiian Islands
2 September 1838 29 January 1891 17 January 1893 Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom 11 November 1917  
Idaho   Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901  
Illinois   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Indiana
Iowa   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
Kansas   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Kentucky   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Louisiana   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Maine   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
  Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 29 August 1842 Aroostook War
(Webster-Ashburton Treaty)
22 January 1901  
Maryland   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
  Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  George III
King of United Kingdom
(under the Regency Act of 1811)
4 June 1738 5 January 1811 20 October 1818 Treaty of 1818 29 January 1820  
  George IV
Prince Regent
12 August 1762 26 June 1830
Mississippi   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
  Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
Missouri   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
Montana   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901  
Nebraska   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
Nevada   Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
New Hampshire   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
New Jersey
New Mexico   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
New York   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
North Carolina
North Dakota   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  George III
King of United Kingdom
(under the Regency Act of 1811)
4 June 1738 5 January 1811 20 October 1818 Treaty of 1818 29 January 1820  
  George IV
Prince Regent
12 August 1762 26 June 1830
Ohio   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Oklahoma   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Oregon   Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901  
Pennsylvania   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
Tennessee   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Texas   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Utah   Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
Vermont   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 Declaration of the Vermont Republic
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Virginia   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Washington   Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901  
West Virginia   George III
King of Great Britain
4 June 1738 25 October 1760 14 January 1784 American Revolution
(Treaty of Paris)
29 January 1820  
Wisconsin
Wyoming   Louis XV
King of France and Navarre
15 February 1710 1 September 1715 13 November 1762 French and Indian War
(Treaty of Fontainebleau)
10 May 1774  
  Charles IV
King of Spain
11 November 1748 14 December 1788 30 November 1803 Returned to France
(Third Treaty of San Ildefonso)
20 January 1819  
  Augustine I
Emperor of Mexico
27 September 1783 19 May 1822 19 March 1823 Abdication
(Republic declared)
19 July 1824  
  Victoria
Queen of the United Kingdom
24 May 1819 20 June 1837 15 June 1846 Oregon Treaty 22 January 1901  
State Picture Name Birth Ruled from Ruled until Reason Death Arms

By territories

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Territory Picture Name Birth Ruled from Rule Ceased Reason Death Arms
Navassa Island   Faustin I
Emperor of Haïti
1782 26 August 1849 15 January 1859 Abdication 6 August 1867

 

Puerto Rico   Alfonso XIII
King of Spain
(Under the regency of Maria Christina)
17 May 1886 10 December 1898 Spanish–American War
(Treaty of Paris)
Ratified 6 February 1899
28 February 1941  
Danish West Indies   Christian X
King of Denmark
26 September 1870 14 May 1912 31 March 1917 Sold to the U.S. in the face of World War I 20 April 1947  
Territory Picture Name Birth Ruled from Ruled until Reason Death Arms

South America

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Nation Picture Name Birth Ruled from Rule Ceased Reason Death Arms
Argentina   Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533 Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533  
  Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 1813 9 July 1816 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833  
Bolivia   Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533 Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533  
  Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 1813 6 August 1825 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833  
Brazil   Pedro II
Emperor of Brazil
2 December 1825 7 April 1831 15 November 1889 Military coup d'état
Republic declared
5 December 1891  
Chile   Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533 Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533  
  Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 1813 12 February 1818 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833  
  Quilapán
Ñidol Longko of Araucanía
1840 1861 1871 Treaty of Peace
Annexation of Araucanía
1875  
 
Atamu Tekena
Ariki Mau of Rapa Nui
1850 1883 9 September 1888 Protectorate declared
Annexation of Easter Island
August 1892  
Colombia   Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533 Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533  
  Joseph Bonaparte
King of Spain
7 January 1768 6 June 1808 20 July 1810 Independence from Spain 28 July 1844  
Ecuador   Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533 Execution by Spaniards 29 August 1533  
  Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 1813 24 May 1822 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833  
French Guiana   Napoleon III
Emperor of the French
20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 Abdication
(Third Republic declared)
9 January 1873  
  Pedro II
Emperor of Brazil
2 December 1825 7 April 1831 15 November 1889 Independent state formed in 1886 5 December 1891  
Guyana   Elizabeth II
Queen of Guyana
21 April 1926 26 May 1966 23 May 1970 Republican constitution adopted 8 September 2022  
Paraguay   Joseph Bonaparte
King of Spain
7 January 1768 6 June 1808 15 May 1811 Independence from Spain 28 July 1844  
Peru   Atahualpa
Sapa Inca
1502 1532 26 July 1533 Execution by Spaniards
Abolition of the Inca Empire
29 August 1533  
  Túpac Amaru
Sapa Inca
1545 1571 1572 Execution by Spaniards
Destruction of the last remnants of the Inca State
24 September 1572
  Túpac Amaru II
Sapa Inca
1742 26 November 1780 18 May 1781 Execution by Spaniards
End of Aymara and Quechua rebellions
18 May 1781  
  Ferdinand VII
King of Spain
14 October 1784 11 December 1813 28 July 1821 Independence from Spain 29 September 1833  
Suriname   Juliana
Queen of the Netherlands
30 April 1909 6 September 1948 25 November 1975 Independence from the Netherlands 20 March 2004  
Uruguay   Pedro I
Emperor of Brazil
12 October 1798 12 October 1822 28 August 1828 Cisplatine War
Treaty of Montevideo
24 September 1834  
Venezuela   Joseph Bonaparte
King of Spain
7 January 1768 6 June 1808 5 July 1811 Independence from Spain 28 July 1844  
Nation Picture Name Birth Ruled from Rule Ceased Reason Death Arms

See also

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References

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