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List of shipwrecks in 1977

The list of shipwrecks in 1977 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1977.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
table of contents
← 1976 1977 1978 →
Jan Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec
Unknown date
References

January

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3 January

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List of shipwrecks: 3 January 1977
Ship State Description
Salu   United States The shrimp-fishing vessel was swamped and sank in the Gulf of Alaska approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of Cape Chiniak (57°37′N 152°10′W / 57.617°N 152.167°W / 57.617; -152.167 (Cape Chiniak)) on Kodiak Island.[1]

10 January

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List of shipwrecks: 10 January 1977
Ship State Description
Chester A. Poling   United States Carrying a cargo of oil, the 282-foot (86 m), 1,546-gross register ton tanker broke in half in a storm off Eastern Point at the entrance to the harbor at Gloucester, Massachusetts. Her stern section sank 800 yards (730 m) southwest of Eastern Point Light in up to 95 feet (29 m) of water at 42°34′25″N 070°40′15″W / 42.57361°N 70.67083°W / 42.57361; -70.67083 (Chester A. Poling (stern section)). Her bow section sank 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east of Eastern Point in 190 feet (58 m) of water at 42°33.9′N 070°37.1′W / 42.5650°N 70.6183°W / 42.5650; -70.6183 (Chester A. Poling (bow section)). One crew member perished.[2][3]

13 January

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List of shipwrecks: 13 January 1977
Ship State Description
Ivan Sechenov   Soviet Union The cargo ship collided in foggy weather with Praktikolas Maris (  Liberia) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey and sank with the loss of twenty-two crew.[4]
Turnu Severin   Romania The cargo ship collided in fog with Admiral Zmejavic (  Yugoslavia) and sank in the Dardanelles with the loss of fifteen crew.[4]

17 January

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List of shipwrecks: 17 January 1977
Ship State Description
Irenes Challenger   Liberia The oil tanker broke up in the Pacific Ocean with the loss of three crewmembers.[5]

20 January

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List of shipwrecks: 20 January 1977
Ship State Description
Ukola   Panama The Panamanian freighter Ukola broke in half and sank in the Gulf of Mexico during a gale while en route to Galveston, Texas from the Dominican Republic with a cargo of sugar. Only three of the ship's 23 crew members were rescued.[6]

23 January

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List of shipwrecks: 23 January 1977
Ship State Description
Lucona   Panama The cargo ship was sunk in the Indian Ocean by a time bomb planted as part of an insurance fraud scheme masterminded by Austrian businessman Udo Proksch. Six of the ship′s 12 crew members died.

25 January

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List of shipwrecks: 25 January 1977
Ship State Description
Bertram I   United States Adrift after losing power, the Alaska Department of Public Safety patrol boat sank in heavy seas in Portage Bay (57°00′N 133°20′W / 57.000°N 133.333°W / 57.000; -133.333 (Portage Bay)) in Southeast Alaska, 21 nautical miles (39 km; 24 mi) west of Petersburg, Alaska.[7]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1977
Ship State Description
Success Star   Panama The Shelt-type coaster ran aground off Tumpat, Malaysia and abandoned.[8]

February

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2 February

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List of shipwrecks: 2 February 1977
Ship State Description
Vasso M.   Greece The cargo ship caught fire and sank in the Mediterranean Sea 2 nautical miles (2.3 mi; 3.7 km) off Borolos Lighthouse, Damietta, Egypt.

7 February

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List of shipwrecks: 7 February 1977
Ship State Description
Spyros G   Cyprus The cargo ship sprang a leak and sank in the Mediterranean Sea east of Malta (35°46′N 20°05′E / 35.767°N 20.083°E / 35.767; 20.083). She was on a voyage from Piraeus, Greece to Tripoli, Libya.[9]

13 February

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List of shipwrecks: 13 February 1977
Ship State Description
Enfant du Bretagne   France The St Malo trawler was lost on Pednathise, within the Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly. The lifeboat came within hearing distance of the crew, but all drowned in the heavy seas before they could be brought aboard.[10]

14 February

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List of shipwrecks: 14 February 1977
Ship State Description
Internos   Panama Sprang a leak and sank 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) north of Gijon (44°20′N 05°50′W / 44.333°N 5.833°W / 44.333; -5.833).[11][12]

17 February

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List of shipwrecks: 17 February 1977
Ship State Description
USS Stockham   United States Navy The decommissioned Fletcher-class destroyer was sunk as a target off the coast of Puerto Rico.

18 February

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List of shipwrecks: 18 February 1977
Ship State Description
Atlantic Duke   West Germany Ran aground 20 nautical miles (37 km) off Great Yarmouth, United Kingdom. All seven crew rescued.[13]

19 February

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List of shipwrecks: 19 February 1977
Ship State Description
Hongkong Surety   Republic of China Ran aground on the Angelica Shoal (7°46′S 122°17′E / 7.767°S 122.283°E / -7.767; 122.283) and declared a constructive total loss.[11]

24 February

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List of shipwrecks: 24 February 1977
Ship State Description
Hawaiian Patriot   Liberia The oil tanker caught fire and sank in the Pacific Ocean west of Hawaii.[14]

March

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1 March

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List of shipwrecks: 1 March 1977
Ship State Description
Viking Rover   United States The 180-ton motor vessel lost steerage 43 nautical miles (80 km) south of Cape Sarichef, Unimak Island, Alaska, became disabled, and sank without loss of life in 40-to-50-knot (74 to 93 km/h) winds and 16-foot (4.9 m) seas in the North Pacific Ocean near Rootok Island east of Dutch Harbor, Alaska, at 54°01.79′N 165°31.02′W / 54.02983°N 165.51700°W / 54.02983; -165.51700 (Viking River). A United States Coast Guard helicopter based at Kodiak, Alaska, rescued her four-man crew.[15]

6 March

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List of shipwrecks: 9 March 1977
Ship State Description
St. George   Trinidad and Tobago The tug foundered at Port of Spain, Trinidad.[16]

9 March

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List of shipwrecks: 9 March 1977
Ship State Description
Saint Peter   United States The 81-gross register ton, 62.6-foot (19.1 m) motor vessel sank in Orca Inlet off the coast of Alaska.[1]

27 March

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List of shipwrecks: 27 March 1977
Ship State Description
El Tambo   Panama The livestock carrier sank outside Fishguard Harbour, Wales.[17]

April

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28 April

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List of shipwrecks: 28 April 1977
Ship State Description
USS Blue   United States Navy The decommissioned Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer was sunk as a target in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southern California during a missile exercise.

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date April 1977
Ship State Description
P-11   Ethiopian Navy Eritrean War of Independence: The patrol boat was lost, with reports variously blaming the loss on a storm and on an attack by the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, or the patrol boat was sunk by the Ethiopian Air Force while trying to defect to the Eritrean People's Liberation Front.[18][19]

May

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4 May

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List of shipwrecks: 4 May 1977
Ship State Description
Foremost   United States The 166-gross register ton, 86.6-foot (26.4 m) crab-fishing vessel capsized and sank in the Bering Sea approximately 75 nautical miles (139 km; 86 mi) east-southeast of St. George Island in the direction of Cape Sarichef (54°35′54″N 164°55′20″W / 54.5983°N 164.9222°W / 54.5983; -164.9222 (Cape Sarichef Light)) on Unimak Island in the Aleutian Islands. The fishing vessel Sea Venture (  United States) rescued her entire crew of five.[20]

6 May

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List of shipwrecks: 6 May 1977
Ship State Description
Ocean Beauty   United States The 44-foot (13.4 m) fishing vessel sank in the Gulf of Alaska south of Marmot Island in the Kodiak Archipelago.[21]

9 May

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List of shipwrecks: 9 May 1977
Ship State Description
Classic   Greece The tanker ran aground at Wilhelmshaven, West Germany.[22]

18 May

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List of shipwrecks: 18 May 1977
Ship State Description
Kadina   Panama The cargo ship foundered in a typhoon at Singapore. She was refloated on 2 September 1978 and consequently scrapped[23]

19 May

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List of shipwrecks: 19 May 1977
Ship State Description
Mar del Plata   United States The 156-gross register ton, 79.9-foot (24.4 m) shrimp-fishing vessel sank in the Shelikof Strait between the Kodiak Archipelago and the mainland of Alaska. The fishing vessel Heidi J (  United States) rescued her entire crew.[24]

June

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1 June

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List of shipwrecks: 1 June 1977
Ship State Description
Rose   United States The tug sank while moored at Petersburg, Alaska. She later was abandoned on the beach at Kupreanof, Alaska.[25]
Seaspeed Dora   Greece The roll-on/roll-off ferry capsized and sank at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. She was refloated on 17 September and towed to Gothenburg, Sweden for repairs. She re-entered service in 1978.[11]

3 June

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List of shipwrecks: 3 June 1977
Ship State Description
William Carson   Canada The passenger/vehicle icebreaker ferry sank off the coast of Labrador after striking heavy ice.

5 June

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List of shipwrecks: 5 June 1977
Ship State Description
Bijou   West Germany The coaster sank off Anglesey, Wales. All four crew were rescued.[26]

29 June

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List of shipwrecks: 29 June 1977
Ship State Description
Ahaliq   United States Bound for Kwigillingok, Alaska, carrying materials and equipment for the construction of a sewage treatment plant, the 187-gross register ton, 99.9-foot (30.4 m) tug/barge sank in heavy seas with the loss of her captain in Bristol Bay, 118 nautical miles (219 km; 136 mi) southwest of Dillingham, Alaska. The high endurance cutter USCGC Boutwell (  United States Coast Guard) rescued her survivors – four men and a border collie – from a life raft on 3 July.[27]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date June 1977
Ship State Description
USS Butternut   United States Navy The decommissioned netlayer was destroyed as a target.

July

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4 July

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List of shipwrecks: 4 July 1977
Ship State Description
Kola Silat X   Indonesia The VIC-type lighter foundered in the Strait of Sunda.[28]

11 July

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List of shipwrecks: 11 July 1977
Ship State Description
Pacific Surf   United States The 134-gross register ton fishing vessel sank in the Gulf of Alaska approximately 260 nautical miles (480 km; 300 mi) west of Cape Spencer, Alaska. Her crew of five abandoned ship in a life raft, where one died of a heart attack and was cast adrift. The oil tanker Overseas Chicago (  United States) rescued the four remaining survivors from the raft 65 nautical miles (120 km; 75 mi) south of Cordova, Alaska.[29]

22 July

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List of shipwrecks: 22 July 1977
Ship State Description
Rio Jobabo   Cuba The fishing vessel was sunk at El Callao Peru by an explosion.[30]

25 July

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List of shipwrecks: 25 July 1977
Ship State Description
Bristol   United States The fishing vessel was swamped and sank on Long Sands Bar (58°44′N 158°32′W / 58.733°N 158.533°W / 58.733; -158.533 (Long Sands Bar)) in Nushagak Bay off the coast of Alaska.[7]
Gaines Mill   United States The T2 tanker capsized at Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The wreck was scrapped in situ.[31]

29 July

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List of shipwrecks: 29 July 1977
Ship State Description
Oswego Tarmac   Panama The T2 tanker was struck by Elektra (flag unknown) at Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles and was severely damaged. Declared a constructive total loss, she was scrapped at Santander, Spain.[32][33]

August

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16 August

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17 August

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List of shipwrecks: 17 August 1977
Ship State Description
Lira   Singapore The cargo ship exploded and caught fire. She sank the next day.[34]

22 August

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List of shipwrecks: 22 August 1977
Ship State Description
ex-USS Rowan   Republic of China Navy After transfer to the Republic of China Navy, the decommissioned Gearing-class destroyer ran aground while under tow from the United States to Taiwan and was declared a total loss.

30 August

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List of shipwrecks: 30 August 1977
Ship State Description
Quasar   United States The 7-gross register ton motor vessel was destroyed by fire in Stephens Passage in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) south of the Snettisham Rocks (57°57′30″N 133°52′00″W / 57.95833°N 133.86667°W / 57.95833; -133.86667 (Snettisham Rocks)).[35]

31 August

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List of shipwrecks: 31 August 1977
Ship State Description
Unidentified fishing vessel   Vietnam The fishing vessel was sunk by Kampuchean Navy vessels.[36]

September

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7 September

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List of shipwrecks: 7 September 1977
Ship State Description
Indian   United States While towing the riverboat tender Cowboy (  United States), the freezer boat – formerly a ferry of the Washington State Ferries fleet – was wrecked in bad weather on Egg Island in the Egg Islands on the south-central coast of Alaska south of Cordova. Cowboy rescued all nine members of her crew.[37]

25 September

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List of shipwrecks: 25 September 1977
Ship State Description
Gale   United States The 34-foot (10.4 m) vessel sank in Malina Bay (58°13′N 153°05′W / 58.217°N 153.083°W / 58.217; -153.083 (Malina Bay)) on the coast of Afognak Island in Alaska′s Kodiak Archipelago.[38]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1977
Ship State Description
Kerland   France The trawler sank off the Runnelstone, Cornwall, United Kingdom, and was aided by the Isles of Scilly ferry Scillonian III.[39]

October

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3 October

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List of shipwrecks: 3 October 1977
Ship State Description
Senneville   Canada The bulk carrier ran aground at Thunder Bay, Ontario. The ship was freed the next day, suffering damage to her ballast tank.[40]

12 October

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List of shipwrecks: 12 October 1977
Ship State Description
Louise   United States The 10-gross register ton, 28.4-foot (8.7 m) fishing vessel was wrecked in Bertha Bay (57°48′N 136°21′W / 57.800°N 136.350°W / 57.800; -136.350 (Bertha Bay)) in Southeast Alaska.[41]

14 October

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List of shipwrecks: 14 October 1977
Ship State Description
Lula J   United States The 11-gross register ton, 36.2-foot (11.0 m) fishing vessel was lost in Bertha Bay (57°48′N 136°21′W / 57.800°N 136.350°W / 57.800; -136.350 (Bertha Bay)) in Southeast Alaska.[41]
Wind Dance   United States The sailing vessel sank in Resurrection Bay off Seward, Alaska. The Alaska Marine Highway motor ferry Tustumena (  United States) rendered assistance to the people aboard Wind Dance.[42]

15 October

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List of shipwrecks: 15 October 1977
Ship State Description
Marmot Cape   United States The 27-gross register ton, 39.9-foot (12.2 m) fishing vessel capsized and sank with the loss of her captain in Astrolabe Bay (58°22′30″N 136°54′30″W / 58.37500°N 136.90833°W / 58.37500; -136.90833 (Astrolabe Bay)) on the south-central coast of Alaska 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi) west of Cape Spencer. A helicopter rescued the only other crewman aboard from the beach on 18 October.[24]

16 October

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List of shipwrecks: 16 October 1977
Ship State Description
Chryssopigi Cross   Panama The ship ran aground 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) off Galle, Sri Lanka (6°01′N 80°11′E / 6.017°N 80.183°E / 6.017; 80.183) and sank.[43]

22 October

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List of shipwrecks: 22 October 1977
Ship State Description
U F 22   United States The 34-foot (10.4 m) fishing vessel and her two-man crew disappeared in the Gulf of Alaska. The fishing vessel Columbia (  United States) discovered the wreckage of U F 22 washed up on Aiaktalik Beach near the south end of Kodiak Island on 2 March 1978.[44]

23 October

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List of shipwrecks: 23 October 1977
Ship State Description
Carjie   United States The 31-foot (9.4 m) vessel was wrecked on rocks on the coast of Alaska.[45]

26 October

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List of shipwrecks: 26 October 1977
Ship State Description
Eagle   United States With two people – a man and a woman – aboard, the fishing vessel sank near Dundas Bay (58°20′35″N 136°20′25″W / 58.3431°N 136.3404°W / 58.3431; -136.3404 (Dundas Bay)) in Icy Strait in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska. The man perished. The woman drifted in a survival suit for eight to ten hours, reached shore, and walked 60 miles (97 km) before a United States Coast Guard helicopter rescued her.[46]

November

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6 November

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List of shipwrecks: 6 November 1977
Ship State Description
Piraeus II   Greece The coastal tanker caught fire and sank in Eleusis Bay. She was later refloated but was declared a total loss and scrapped.[47]

8 November

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List of shipwrecks: 8 November 1977
Ship State Description
Alexander Hamilton   United States The retired 349-foot-5-inch (106.5 m) sidewheel paddle steamer burned and sank during a storm while moored at the Navy pier at Middletown Township, New Jersey.[48]

11 November

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List of shipwrecks: 11 November 1977
Ship State Description
Aristoteles   Liberia Ran aground at Sestrice Island (42°58′N 17°13′E / 42.967°N 17.217°E / 42.967; 17.217) and declared a constructive total loss.[49]
Deepwater Bay   Liberia Explosion and fire while discharging cargo at Luanda, Angola. She was declared a constructive total loss and scrapped in June 1978.[49]
Dolphin   United States The 8- or 38-gross register ton, 41.6-foot (12.7 m) fishing vessel sank in Marmot Bay (58°00′N 152°06′W / 58.000°N 152.100°W / 58.000; -152.100 (Marmot Bay)) on the coast of Alaska's Kodiak Island.[50]

15 November

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List of shipwrecks: 15 November 1977
Ship State Description
CG 41332   United States Coast Guard A 41-foot Coast Guard utility boat (UTB) capsized and sank in heavy surf on the Columbia River Bar at night with 10 students from the Motor Lifeboat School, 3 died.[51]

16 November

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List of shipwrecks: 16 November 1977
Ship State Description
Union Crystal   Malaysia The coaster sank 20 nautical miles (37 km) off St Abbs Head, United Kingdom with the loss of five of her six crew.[52]

22 November

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List of shipwrecks: 22 November 1977
Ship State Description
VIC 99   United Kingdom The floating restaurant, a converted VIC-type lighter, was severely damaged by fire at Stourport-on-Severn, Worcestershire.[53]

24 November

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List of shipwrecks: 24 November 1977
Ship State Description
Vaiatea unknown The auxiliary schooner, a former coastal freighter, sank in a lagoon near Papeete, Tahiti.[54][55]

25 November

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List of shipwrecks: 25 November 1977
Ship State Description
Newark   Liberia The cargo ship was wrecked at Tripoli, Libya.[56]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date November 1977
Ship State Description
Hero   United Kingdom The roll-on/roll-off cargo ferry sank in the North Sea with the loss of one crew member when her stern door lost watertight integrity.
Sea Breeze   United States The 83-foot (25 m) dragger sank off the coast of Maine after striking something in heavy seas. Two crewmen were rescued from her life raft by a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter, and one by USCGC Duane (  United States Coast Guard) from her skiff. Two crewmen died.[57][58]

December

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2 December

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List of shipwrecks: 3 December 1977
Ship State Description
Blue Bell   Saudi Arabia A Saudi Arabian general cargo vessel was sailing from Jeddah to Port Sudan with her cargo of Toyota vehicles and spare parts when she struck the reef about 75 kilometres (47 mi) north of Port Sudan.[59]

3 December

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List of shipwrecks: 3 December 1977
Ship State Description
Baron   United States The fishing vessel grounded and was lost in the Bering Sea off Cape Cheerful (54°00′50″N 166°40′20″W / 54.01389°N 166.67222°W / 54.01389; -166.67222 (Cape Cheerful)) on Unalaska Island in the Aleutian Islands. The Alaska State Trooper patrol vessel Vigilant (  United States) rescued the eight people – four men, three women, and an infant – on board.[7]
Empire Rosa   United Kingdom The Nodified-Sttella type tug was driven ashore in Luce Bay. She was refloated but declared a constructive total loss and consequently scrapped.[60]

4 December

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List of shipwrecks: 4 December 1977
Ship State Description
Rainer   United States The fishing vessel grounded and was wrecked in the Bering Sea approximately 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) off Cape Cheerful (54°00′50″N 166°40′20″W / 54.01389°N 166.67222°W / 54.01389; -166.67222 (Cape Cheerful)) on Unalaska Island in the Aleutian Islands.[25]

6 December

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List of shipwrecks: 6 December 1977
Ship State Description
Empire Rosa   United Kingdom Ran aground at Luce Bay, Galloway, became a constructive total loss and later scrapped.

7 December

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List of shipwrecks: 7 December 1977
Ship State Description
Boston Sea Ranger   United Kingdom A Lowestoft trawler foundered off Gwennap Head, Cornwall during a southerly gale.[61]

9 December

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List of shipwrecks: 9 December 1977
Ship State Description
Elinor Viking   United Kingdom An Aberdeen trawler wrecked on the Ve Skerries, Shetland in adverse weather conditions. A volunteer helicopter crew was assembled at Sumburgh Airport which rescued all 8 crew.[62]

20 December

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List of shipwrecks: 20 December 1977
Ship State Description
Emmanuel C   Greece Ran aground on the Île d'Orléans, Quebec, Canada, refloated but declared damaged beyond economical repair and Scrapped in October 1978.[11]

25 December

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List of shipwrecks: 25 December 1977
Ship State Description
Lady Camilla   Denmark The coaster sank off Cornwall, United Kingdom with loss of life including two children.[63]

27 December

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List of shipwrecks: 27 December 1977
Ship State Description
Conqueror   United Kingdom The Grimsby trawler, on her first voyage after a major refit, went ashore at Penzer Point, south of Mousehole, Cornwall. It is believed the crew were down below having breakfast and the trawler was on automatic pilot. The Penlee Lifeboat had insufficient power to tow Conqueror off the rocks and she assumed a 35° list and broke up on the rocks.[64]

31 December

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List of shipwrecks: 31 December 1977
Ship State Description
Tiran   Spain
 
Tiran in 2011

The cargo ship, on a voyage from Banjul, Gambia to Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain, foundered 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) off Joal, Senegal and became a wreck on Palmarin Beach.[65][66]

Unknown date

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List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1977
Ship State Description
Banshee   United States The 11-gross register ton, 28.9-foot (8.8 m) fishing vessel was wrecked on the coast of Kodiak Island in Alaska.[7]
Himma   Australia The Near-Warrior type tug was scuttled in the Tasman Sea off New South Wales.[67]
Transport   Norway The cargo ship ran aground at Godøystraumen. She was refloated.
Unidentified railroad barge   United States The retired 200-foot (61.0 m) railroad barge was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean 3.6 nautical miles (6.7 km; 4.1 mi) off Sea Girt, New Jersey, in 70 feet (21 m) of water at 40°06.986′N 073°56.868′W / 40.116433°N 73.947800°W / 40.116433; -73.947800 (Railroad barge).[68]

References

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  1. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (S)
  2. ^ "Chester A. Poling (bow section)". Hunting New England Shipwrecks. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  3. ^ "Chester A. Poling (stern section)". Hunting New England Shipwrecks. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  4. ^ a b "37 are feared dead after collisions at sea". The Times. No. 59907. London. 14 January 1977. col D, p. 10.
  5. ^ "Tanker Breaks Up in the Pacific". The New York Times. January 18, 1977. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
  6. ^ "Freighter Sinks in Gulf of Mexico". The New York Times. 20 January 1977. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (B)
  8. ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 25. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
  9. ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 375. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
  10. ^ Larn, Richard (1992). The Shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly. Nairn: Thomas & Lochar. ISBN 0-946537-84-4.
  11. ^ a b c d "Belgian Merchant H-O" (PDF). Belgische Koopvaardij. Retrieved 31 October 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  12. ^ "MV Internos [+1977]". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  13. ^ "Seven crew rescued". The Times. No. 59938. London. 19 February 1977. col C, p. 5.
  14. ^ "Tanker Explodes In 50‐Mile Slick West of Honolulu". The New York Times. 25 February 1977. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  15. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (V)
  16. ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 354. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
  17. ^ "Detained cattle ship sinks in gale". The Times. No. 59963. London. 28 March 1977. col D, p. 4.
  18. ^ Harpoon Headquarters: Ethiopian Naval Forces
  19. ^ "Soviet and Ethiopian Navy in Eritrea (1988-1991)(updated)". Soviet empire. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  20. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (F)
  21. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (O)
  22. ^ "Oil leaking from two vessels". The Times. No. 59999. London. May 10, 1977. col E, p. 5.
  23. ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 376. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
  24. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (M)
  25. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (R)
  26. ^ "Ship sinks". The Times. No. 60022. London. 6 June 1977. col F, p. 3.
  27. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (A)
  28. ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. 272. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
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