A Severe Cyclonic Storm is a category used by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to classify tropical cyclones, within the North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Within the basin, a severe cyclonic storm is defined as a tropical cyclone that has 3-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between 48–63 knots (89–117 km/h; 55–72 mph). The category was historically used to classify all tropical cyclones with winds above 48 knots (89 km/h; 55 mph), however, it was bifurcated during 1988, when the IMD introduced a new category called Severe Cyclonic Storm with a core of hurricane winds. This new category was later further refined into Very Severe Cyclonic Storms, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storms and Super Cyclonic Storms during 1999 and 2015.
Background
editThe North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone basin is located to the north of the Equator, and encompasses the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula.[1][2] The basin is officially monitored by the India Meteorological Department's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in New Delhi, however, other national meteorological services such as the Bangladesh and Pakistan Meteorological Department's also monitor the basin.[1][2]
The Severe Cyclonic Storm category was historically used to classify all tropical cyclones with winds above 48 knots (89 km/h; 55 mph), however, it was bifurcated during 1988, when the IMD introduced a new category called Severe Cyclonic Storm with a core of hurricane winds for all systems above 64 knots (119 km/h; 74 mph).[2] This new category was later further refined into Very Severe Cyclonic Storms, Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storms and Super Cyclonic Storms during 1999 and 2015.[2] As a result, Severe Cyclonic Storms are currently estimated, to have 3-minute sustained wind speeds of between 48–64 kn (89–119 km/h; 55–74 mph).[1]
Systems
edit| Name | Dates as a severe cyclonic storm |
Duration | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unnamed | May 15 – 18, 1967 | Not Specified | Not Specified | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | [3] | |||
| Unnamed | December 12 – 17, 1968 | Not Specified | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | [4] | |||
| Unnamed | May 28 – June 2, 1970 | Not Specified | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Saudi Arabia | [5] | ||
| Unnamed | June 5, 1971 | 12 hours | Not Specified | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | West Bengal | [6] | ||
| Unnamed | October 31 – November 1, 1971 | 1 day | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Somalia | [6] | ||
| Unnamed | November 5 – 6, 1971 | 1 day | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | [6] | |||
| Hatia | November 16 – 17, 1973 | 2 days | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Bangladesh | [7] | ||
| Unnamed | December 7 – 9, 1973 | 2 days | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | [7] | |||
| Patuakhali | May 30 – June 1, 1974 | 1 day | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | [8] | |||
| Unnamed | September 24 – 24, 1974 | 1 day | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | [8] | |||
| Paradip | September 27 – 30, 1974 | 3 days | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | [8] | |||
| Chittagong | November 25 – 29, 1974 | 4 days | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | [8] | |||
| Unnamed | November 26 – 27, 1975 | 1 day | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | [9] | |||
| Unnamed | April 29 – May 3, 1976 | Not Specified | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | [10] | |||
| Unnamed | October 12 – 18, 1976 | Not Specified | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | [10] | |||
| Unnamed | November 15 – 17, 1976 | Not Specified | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | [10] | |||
| Unnamed | May 11 - 12, 1977 | 1 day | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | [11] | |||
| Kavali | October 31 - November 1, 1977 | 1 day | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | [11] | |||
| Unnamed | June 19 - 20, 1979 | 1 day | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | [12] | |||
| Unnamed | June 19 - 20, 1979 | 1 day | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | [12] | |||
| Unnamed | August 7 - 8, 1979 | 1 day | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) | [12] | |||
| Unnamed | September 25 - 26, 1981 | 1 day | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | Orissa | [13] | ||
| BOB 09 | October 16, 1982 | 12 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | [14] | |||
| BOB 10 | October 16, 1982 | 12 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | [14] | |||
| Herbert | October 14 - 15, 1983 | 12 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | [14] | |||
| BOB 07 | November 2 - 3, 1987 | 1 day 3 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | [14] | |||
| BOB 08 | November 12, 1987 | 12 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | [14] | |||
| BOB 06 | October 19, 1988 | 12 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | [14] | |||
| BOB 09 | December 17, 1990 | 21 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | Not Specified | Bangladesh, Myanmar | [15] | ||
| BOB 07 | November 13, 1992 | 18 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | [14] | |||
| ARB 01 | May 7, 1994 | 6 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | [14] | |||
| BOB 03 | October 30 - 31, 1994 | 18 hours | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | [14] | |||
| ARB 06 | October 23 - 24, 1996 | 1 day 6 hours | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | [14] | |||
| BOB 01 | May 19 - 20, 1998 | 21 hours | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | [14] | |||
| ARB 10 | December 14 - 16, 1998 | 1 day 18 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | [14] | |||
| BOB 01 | February 3, 1999 | 6 hours | 60 mph (95 km/h) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | [14] | |||
| BOB 04 | November 12, 2002 | 3 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | [14] | |||
| ARB 06 | November 13 - 14, 2003 | 1 day 6 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | [14] | |||
| BOB 07 | December 14 - 15, 2003 | 1 day 9 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | [14] | |||
| ARB 01 | May 7 - 8, 2004 | 1 day 9 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | [14] | |||
| Onil | October 2, 2004 | 15 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | [14] | |||
| Agni | November 30, 2004 | 12 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | [14] | |||
| Mukda | September 23, 2006 | 9 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | [14] | |||
| Aila | May 25, 2009 | 12 hours | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) | India, Bangladesh | [16] | ||
| Laila | May 19 - 20, 2010 | 1 day 6 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | India | |||
| Jal | November 1 – 8, 2010 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Thailand, Malaysia, Andaman Islands, India | ||||
| Helen | November 19 – 23, 2013 | 6 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | India | |||
| Mora | May 29 – 30, 2017 | 21 hours | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) | Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan, Tibet |
[14] | ||
| Phethai | December 16 – 17, 2018 | 6 hours | 65 mph (100 km/h) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | India | [17] | ||
| Nisarga | June 1– 4, 2020 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | West India | 6 | >$664 million | [18] | |
| Shaheen | September 29 – October 4, 2021 | 70 mph (110 km/h) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | India, Pakistan, Iran, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia | 14 | $100 million | ||
| Asani | May 8 - 11, 2022 | 75 mph (120 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odisha, Andaman and Nicobar Islands) | 3 | Unknown | ||
| Mandous | ||||||||
| Michaung | December 2–5, 2023 | 80 mph (130 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Puducherry) | 17 | [19] | ||
| Remal | May 24-28, 2024 | 110 km/h (68 mph) | 978 mbar (28.9 inHg) | India (Odisha, West Bengal), Bangladesh | 84 | $600 Million | ||
| Dana | October 24,2024 -Present | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 984 hPa (29.1 inHg) | India (Odisha, West Bengal), Bangladesh | 6 | Unknown |
Climatology
edit| Month | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| January | |
| February | |
| March | |
| April | |
| May | |
| June | |
| July | |
| August | |
| September | |
| October | |
| November | |
| December |
| Period | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| 1950s | |
| 1960s | |
| 1970s | |
| 1980s | |
| 1990s | |
| 2000s | |
| 2010s | |
| 2020s |
References
edit- ^ a b c RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee. Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea 2019 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Best track data of tropical cyclonic disturbances over the north Indian Ocean (PDF) (Report). India Meteorological Department. July 14, 2009. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
- ^ India Weather Review Annual Summary — Part-C: Storms and Depressions 1967 (PDF) (Report). India Meteorological Department. 1969. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ India Weather Review Annual Summary — Part-C: Storms and Depressions 1968 (PDF) (Report). India Meteorological Department. 1969. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
- ^ India Weather Review Annual Summary — Part-C: Storms and Depressions 1970 (PDF) (Report). India Meteorological Department. 1971. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
- ^ a b c Das, P K; George, C A; Jambunathan, R (1972). "Cyclones and Depressions of 1971 - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea" (PDF). Mausam. 23 (4): 453–466. doi:10.54302/mausam.v23i4.5305. S2CID 247037040.
- ^ a b Alexander, George; George, C A; Jambunathan, R (1974). "Cyclones and Depressions of 1973 - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea" (PDF). Mausam. 25 (3 & 4): 453–466. doi:10.54302/mausam.v25i3.5240. S2CID 249031839.
- ^ a b c d Alexander, George; Bhaskara Rao, N S; Jambunathan, R (1976). "Cyclones and Depressions of 1974 - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea" (PDF). Mausam. 27 (2): 113–126. doi:10.54302/mausam.v27i2.2417. S2CID 246971391.
- ^ Alexander, George; Srinivasan, V; Jambunathan, R (1977). "Cyclones and Depressions of 1975 - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea" (PDF). Mausam. 28 (1): 3–20. doi:10.54302/mausam.v28i1.2655. S2CID 246968196.
- ^ a b c Pant P S; Srinivasan, V; Ramakrishnan, A R; Jambunathan, R (1978). "Cyclones and Depressions of 1976 - Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea" (PDF). Mausam. 29 (4): 613–628. doi:10.54302/mausam.v29i4.2939. S2CID 247044132.
- ^ a b Pant, P S; Ramakrishnan, A R; Jamdunathan, R (1980). "Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1977" (PDF). Mausam. 31 (3): 337–356. doi:10.54302/mausam.v31i3.3533. S2CID 246784388.
- ^ a b c Mukherjee, A K; Ramakrishnan, A R; Jamdunathan, R (1981). "Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1979" (PDF). Mausam. 32 (2): 115–126. doi:10.54302/mausam.v32i2.3398. S2CID 246848511. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ Mukherjee, A K; Ramakrishnan, A R; Jamdunathan, R. "Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1981" (PDF). Mausam. 34 (1): 1–8. doi:10.54302/mausam.v34i1.2029. S2CID 246915439. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "IMD Best track data 1982-2022" (xls). India Meteorological Department. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
- ^ Report on Cyclonic Disturbances (Depressions and Tropical Cyclones) over North Indian Ocean in 1990 (PDF) (Report). India Meteorological Department. January 1991. pp. 24–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
- ^ http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/annual-rsmc-report/rsmc-2009.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "2.14. Severe Cyclonic Storm "Phethai" over southeast Bay of Bengal (December 13–18, 2018)" (PDF). Report on Cyclonic Disturbances (Depressions and Tropical Cyclones) over North Indian Ocean in 2018 (Report). India Meteorological Department. July 2019. pp. 242–267. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
- ^ Gangan, Surendra; Venkatraman, Tanushree (5 June 2020). "Cyclone Nisarga: Crops on 8,000 hectares destroyed in Maharashtra". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ "Chennai rain death toll rises to 17 as Cyclone Michaung makes landfall in Andhra Pradesh". Indian Express. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.