This page contains a list of petawatt-level lasers in operation, under construction, or proposed. The list is compiled from existing academic reviews.[1][2]
| Facility | Institution | Location | Classification | Pulse energy [J] | Pulse duration [fs] | Peak power [PW] | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nova | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |  United States
|
Nd:glass | 660 | 440 | 1.5 | Decommissioned |
| NIF-ARC | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory | United States
|
Nd:glass | 400–1700 | 1300–38 000 | 1.5 | Operation |
| Texas Petawatt Laser[3] | University of Texas, Austin | United States
|
Nd:glass | 186 | 167 | 1.1 | Operation |
| Z-PW | Sandia National Laboratories | United States
|
Nd:glass | 500 | 500 | 1 | Operation |
| ZEUS | University of Michigan | United States
|
Nd:glass | 75 | 25 | 3 | Commission |
| 12.5 | 25 | 0.5 | |||||
| SG-II-PW[4] | Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (SIOM) |  China
|
Nd:glass | 1000 | 1000 | 1 | Operation |
| Vulcan | Rutherford Appleton Laboratory |  United Kingdom
|
Nd:glass | 500 | 500 | 1 | Operation |
| Orion | Atomic Weapons Establishment | United Kingdom
|
Nd:glass | 500 | 500 | 1 | Operation |
| PHELIX | GSI Helmholtz |  Germany
|
Nd:glass | 250 | 400 | 0.625 | Operation |
| LMJ-PETAL | CEA Cesta |  France
|
Nd:glass | 850 | 700 | 1.15 | Operation |
| GEKKO XII-LFEX | Osaka University |  Japan
|
Nd:glass | 3000 | 1500 | 2 | Operation |
| ELI-B L4 | Extreme Light Infrastructure |  Czech Republic
|
Nd:glass | 1500 | 150 | 10 | Construction |
| ELI-NP | Extreme Light Infrastructure |  Romania
|
Ti:sapphire | 242 | 22.3 | 10.9 | Operation |
| ELI-B L2 | Extreme Light Infrastructure | Czech Republic
|
Ti:sapphire | 20 | 20 | 1 | Operation |
| ELI-B L3 HAPLS | Extreme Light Infrastructure | Czech Republic
|
Ti:sapphire | 30 | 30 | 1 at 10 Hz | Operation |
| SULF | SIOM | China
|
Ti:sapphire | 216 | 21 | 10.3 | Operation |
| XL-III | Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science | China
|
Ti:sapphire | 32 | 28 | 1.16 | Operation |
| CAEP-PW[5] | China Academy of Engineering Physics | China
|
Ti:sapphire | 91.1 | 18.6 | 4.9 | Operation |
| SG-II-5 PW[6] | SIOM | China
|
Ti:sapphire | 37 | 21 | 1.76 | Operation |
| SEL-100 PW[7] | Shanghai High Repetition Rate XEFL and Extreme Light Facility | China
|
Ti:sapphire | 1500 | 15 | 100 | Construction |
| Gwangju-PW | Centre for Relativistic Laser Science |  South Korea
|
Ti:sapphire | 83 | 19.4 | 4.2 | Operation |
| BELLA | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | United States
|
Ti:sapphire | 40 | 30 | 1.3 | Operation |
| ALEPH | Colorado State University | United States
|
Ti:sapphire | 26 | 30 | 0.87 at 3.3 Hz | Operation |
| DIOCLES | University of Nebraska-Lincoln | United States
|
Ti:sapphire | 20 | 30 | 0.7 | Operation |
| NSF OPAL | Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester | United States
|
Ti:sapphire | 25 | Planned | ||
| J-KAREN | National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology | Japan
|
Ti:sapphire | 28/30 | 33/30 | 0.85/1 | Operation |
| Gemini | Rutherford Appleton Laboratory | United Kingdom
|
Ti:sapphire | 15 | 30 | 0.5 | Operation |
| VEGA-3 | University of Salamanca |  Spain
|
Ti:sapphire | 30 | 30 | 1 at 1 Hz | Operation |
| DRACO | Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf | Germany
|
Ti:sapphire | 30 | 30 | 1 | Operation |
| ATLAS | Technical University of Munich | Germany
|
Ti:sapphire | 60 | 25 | 2.4 | Construction |
| Apollon | CNRS | France
|
Ti:sapphire | 150 | 15 | 10 | Construction |
| CETAL | INFLPR | Romania
|
Ti:sapphire | 25 | 25 | 1 | Operation |
| RRCAT | Raja Ramana Centre for Advanced Technology |  India
|
Ti:sapphire | 25 | 25 | 1 | Construction |
| PEARL | Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences |  Russia
|
Ti:sapphire | 18 | 55–67 (10)a) | 0.25–0.3 (1.5)a) | Operation |
References
edit- ^ Li, Zhaoyang; Leng, Yuxin; Li, Ruxin (2022). "Further Development of the Short-Pulse Petawatt Laser: Trends, Technologies, and Bottlenecks". Laser & Photonics Reviews. 17 (3). doi:10.1002/lpor.202100705.
- ^ Danson, Colin N.; et al. (2019). "Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide". High Power Laser Science and Engineering. 7: e54. Bibcode:2019HPLSE...7E..54D. doi:10.1017/hpl.2019.36.
- ^ Gaul, Erhard W.; et al. (2010). "Demonstration of a 1.1 petawatt laser based on a hybrid optical parametric chirped pulse amplification/mixed Nd:glass amplifier". Applied Optics. 49 (9): 1676–1681. Bibcode:2010ApOpt..49.1676G. doi:10.1364/AO.49.001676. PMID 20300167.
- ^ Xu, Guang; Wang, Tao; Li, Zhaoyang; Dai, Yaping; Lin, Zunqi; Gu, Yuan; Zhu, Jianqiang (2008). "1 kJ Petawatt Laser System for SG-II-U Program". The Review of Laser Engineering. 36: 1172–1175. doi:10.2184/lsj.36.1172.
- ^ Zeng, Xiaoming; et al. (2017). "Multi-petawatt laser facility fully based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification". Optics Letters. 42 (10): 2014–2017. Bibcode:2017OptL...42.2014Z. doi:10.1364/OL.42.002014. PMID 28504737.
- ^ Zhu, Jianqiang; et al. (2018). "Analysis and construction status of SG-II 5PW laser facility". High Power Laser Science and Engineering. 6: e29. Bibcode:2018HPLSE...6E..29Z. doi:10.1017/hpl.2018.23.
- ^ Xu, Dirui; Shen, Baifei; Xu, Jiancai; Liang, Zhenfeng (2020). "XFEL beamline design for vacuum birefringence experiment". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. 982: 164553. Bibcode:2020NIMPA.98264553X. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.164553.