List of notorious markets

This is the list of notorious markets compiled by the Office of the United States Trade Representative, which claims that they are markets where large-scale intellectual property infringement takes place.

Current

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This is a list of notorious markets listed in the 2022 report (published in 2023).

Name Type Location Notes Listed since References
1337x Online Finland Provides links to torrent files 2017 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
1Fichier Online France Cyberlocker, popular in France 2017 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
2embed Online Masks location of hosting servers Database of copyright-infringing content 2021 [‡ 1][‡ 2]
AliExpress Online China Listed due to "a significant increase in counterfeit goods being offered for sale" 2021 [‡ 1][‡ 2]
Amarutu Online Seychelles Hosting provider for criminal sites 2022 [‡ 1]
Avito.ru Online Russia Classified advertising site with high volume of counterfeit goods 2022 [‡ 1]
Baidu Wangpan Online China Widely share links to pirated movies, TV shows, and books 2020 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3]
BestBuyIPTV Online Italy Offers illegal IPTV services

Completely unrelated to Best Buy

2019 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4]
Bukalapak Online Indonesia E-commerce site selling counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Chaloos Online Iraq Owns and operates companies involved in media piracy 2020 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3]
Cuevana Online Argentina File sharing website streaming unlicensed television and movie titles 2021 [‡ 1][‡ 2]
DHgate Online China Business-to-business e-commerce site in China

Widespread availability of counterfeit items

2017 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
EGY.best Online Egypt (reported) Oldest and largest piracy websites in the Middle East and North Africa 2022 [‡ 1]
FlokiNET Online Romania, Iceland Bulletproof hosting provider, hosts 1337x 2018 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Flvto Online Netherlands, Russia Stream ripping, allows downloading of YouTube videos 2018 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Fmovies Online Ukraine Allows illegal streaming of movies (also known as Bmovies and Bflix) 2017 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
Globe IPTV Online Unknown Allows illegal streaming of live sports, movies, and television 2022 [‡ 1]
IndiaMART Online India Sells counterfeit and illegal pharmaceuticals, not listed individually in 2019 report (hosted by Hosting Concepts B.V. and Regional Network Information Center JSC)

Not listed in 2020, but relisted in 2021

2017 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
iStar Media Online Unknown Manufactures illicit streaming devices pre-loaded with piracy apps 2021 [‡ 1][‡ 2]
Lalastreams Online Unknown Group of around twenty illicit streaming websites 2022 [‡ 1]
Library Genesis Online Unknown Provides unauthorized access to books, sources papers and journals from Sci-Hub

Not listed in 2020, but relisted in 2021

2016 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
MP3Juices Online Russia, Singapore Stream ripping, allows downloading of YouTube videos 2018 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
MPGH Online Czech Republic Sells cheats in online games 2018 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Newalbumreleases Online Czech Republic Provides pirated downloads of newly-released music 2018 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
PelisPlus Online Unknown Provides access to pirated films and television series 2020 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3]
Pinduoduo Online China E-commerce site selling counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
RapidGator Online Russia Large cyberlocker 2016 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
RARBG Online Bosnia and Herzegovina Popular torrent site, generates revenue through advertisements and malware 2016 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
RuTracker Online Russia Popular torrent site 2016 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Sci-Hub Online Russia Provides unauthorized access to academic papers and journals, related to Library Genesis 2017 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
Shabakaty Online Iraq Pirated IPTV service 2020 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3]
Shopee Online China, Singapore E-commerce site selling counterfeit goods in Southeast Asia 2018 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Spider Online Jordan Supplies illicit streaming devices 2021 [‡ 1][‡ 2]
Taobao Online China E-commerce site selling counterfeit goods, operated by Alibaba 2016 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
The Pirate Bay Online Unknown One of the first torrent sites, very vocal in openly promoting piracy 2016 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Tokopedia Online Indonesia E-commerce site selling counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
VK Online Russia Social media site that facilitates video piracy 2016 [‡ 1][‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
WeChat, Weixin Online China Chinese messaging app with "ecosystem" of counterfeit products 2021 [‡ 1][‡ 2]
YTS.MX Online Bulgaria (reported) Peer-to-peer file sharing site 2022 [‡ 1]
Avenida Avellaneda, Buenos Aires Physical Argentina Market for counterfeit goods and sportswear 2021 [‡ 2]
La Salada, Buenos Aires Physical Argentina One of the largest black markets for illegal goods in Argentina 2016 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Rua 25 de Março, São Paulo Physical Brazil Notorious for shopping malls that sell pirated and counterfeit goods 2016 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 7]
Central Market, Phnom Penh Physical Cambodia Historic landmark in Cambodia, stores throughout the area sell counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Pacific Mall, Markham, Ontario Physical Canada Market with large amount of counterfeit luxury goods, apparel, and electronics
Not listed in 2018, 2019, or 2020, but relisted in 2021
2017 [‡ 2][‡ 6]
Anfu Market, Fujian Province Physical China Wholesale distribution of counterfeit footwear 2020 [‡ 2][‡ 3]
Asia-Pacific Xinyang Clothing & Gifts Plaza, Shanghai Physical China Market hosting numerous counterfeit stalls 2020 [‡ 2][‡ 3]
Chenghai District, Guangdong Province Physical China Factories that produce counterfeit toys and other consumer goods 2021 [‡ 2]
Huaqiangbei Electronics Malls, Guangdong Province Physical China A central distribution hub for counterfeit electronic devices and components
Also includes Yuan Wang, Huaqiangbei Digital World, Long Sheng

Communications Market, and Man Har Digital Plaza Malls

2020 [‡ 2][‡ 3]
Kindo and Zhanxi Garment Wholesale Markets and Southern Watch Trading Center near Zhanxi Road, Guangzhou Physical China Market with high levels of counterfeit goods
Southern Watch Trading Center listed separately in 2019
2016 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Huaqiangbei Electronics Malls, Shenzhen Physical China Includes the Yuan Wang, Long Sheng, and Man Har Digital Plaza Malls

Hundreds of vendors selling counterfeit electronic components

2018 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Luohu Commercial City, Shenzhen Physical China Half of the mall's merchandise consists of counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Silk Market, Beijing Physical China Most of the market's merchandise is counterfeit 2016 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Wu’ai Market, Shenyang Physical China Largest market in northeastern China, hub for counterfeit products 2016 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 7]
Yiwu International Merchandise City, Yiwu Physical China Largest small commodities market worldwide, some vendors sell infringing products 2019 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4]
Heera Panna, Mumbai Physical India Sells counterfeit watches, shoes, electronics, and cosmetics

Protected by local authorities

2019 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4]
Kidderpore, Kolkata Physical India Sells counterfeit electronics, cosmetics, apparel, and pirated media 2019 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4]
Beemapally, Trivandrum Physical India Sells counterfeit and smuggled cosmetics, clothing, electronics and other media products, protected by local authorities. 2022
Palika Bazaar, New Delhi Physical India Underground market with large amounts of counterfeit products 2020 [‡ 2][‡ 3]
Tank Road, Delhi Physical India Sells counterfeit apparel and footwear 2017 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
Mangga Dua Market, Jakarta Physical Indonesia Sells various counterfeit goods 2016 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Dordoy/Dordoi Market, Bishkek Physical Kyrgyz Republic Sells various counterfeit goods
Not listed in 2020, but relisted in 2021
2019 [‡ 2][‡ 4]
Petaling Street Market, Kuala Lumpur Physical Malaysia Sells various counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
La Pulga Rio, Monterrey Physical Mexico A major market selling counterfeit items and pirated content 2020 [‡ 2][‡ 3]
Mercado San Juan de Dios, Guadalajara Physical Mexico Largest indoor market in Latin America

One third of vendors sell devices to circumvent DRM

2016 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Tepito, Mexico City Physical Mexico Sells and distributed counterfeit goods

Region is dangerous, making it nearly impossible for right holders to enforce their rights

2016 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Ciudad del Este Physical Paraguay Regional hub for the manufacturing and distribution of counterfeit products 2016 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Gamarra, Lima Physical Peru Sells counterfeit textiles, has e-commerce site 2020 [‡ 2][‡ 3]
Greenhills Shopping Center, San Juan, Manila Physical Philippines Sells various counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Dubrovka Market, Moscow Physical Russia Market with large volume of counterfeit footwear, apparel, and luxury watches 2019 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4]
Gorbushkin Dvor Mall, Moscow Physical Russia Known for its high volume of counterfeit electronics, un-cooperative local authorities 2019 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4]
Sadovod Market, Moscow Physical Russia Sells various counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Tahtakale, Istanbul Physical Turkey Sells counterfeit clothing, shoes, and consumer electronics 2021 [‡ 2]
7th Kilometer Market Physical Ukraine Sells various counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Markets in Deira District, Dubai Physical United Arab Emirates Many IP-infringing markets

Known to locals and many tourists

2019 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4]
Bến Thành Market, Ho Chi Minh City Physical Vietnam One of the oldest and most well-known markets in Ho Chi Minh City

Sells various counterfeit goods

2018 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Đồng Xuân Market, Hanoi Physical Vietnam Sells various counterfeit goods 2018 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]

Previously listed

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Markets listed here were previously included in various reports, but were not included in subsequent reports. The reason for delisting is not always known.

Name Type Location Status Notes Year listed Year delisted References
4shared Online Brazil Unknown Not listed in 2018 report 2016 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Amazon (foreign domains) Online Various Reformed Only applied to domains amazon.ca, amazon.co.uk, amazon.de, amazon.fr, and amazon.in 2019 2021 [‡ 4][‡ 3]
BeeVideo Online China Unknown IPTV application, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
BeoutQ Online Saudi Arabia Shutdown Reasons for shutdown unknown 2018 2019 [‡ 4][‡ 5]
BlueAngelHost Online Bulgaria Unknown Not listed in 2022 report 2020 2022 [‡ 2][‡ 3]
Carousell Online Singapore Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2018 2020 [‡ 4][‡ 5]
Chomikuj Online Netherlands Unknown Not listed in 2022 report 2018 2022 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Cimaclub Online France, Russia Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2019 2020 [‡ 4]
Convert2MP3.net Online Unknown Unknown Stream ripping site, not listed in 2018 report, shut down in 2019 after legal action[1] 2017 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6]
Dopefile Online Bulgaria, Pakistan Unknown Not listed in 2018 report 2017 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6]
Dytt8 Online Taiwan Unknown Not listed in 2022 report 2019 2022 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4]
ExtraTorrent Online Ukraine Shutdown Voluntarily closed in May 2017 2013 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Firestorm Online Unknown Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2017 2020 [‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
GoMovies Online Vietnam, Ukraine Shutdown Shutdown following a criminal investigation in 2018, also known as 123movies 2017 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6]
GongChang Online China Unknown E-commerce platform known for the sale of counterfeits, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Hosting Concepts B.V. and Regional Network Information Center JSC Online Unknown Unknown Not listed in 2021 report 2018 2020 [‡ 4][‡ 5]
Haraj Online Saudi Arabia Unknown Not listed in 2021 report 2020 2021 [‡ 3]
IndoXXI Online Indonesia Shutdown Indonesian government forced IndoXXI to cease operations 2018 2019 [‡ 4][‡ 5]
Kinogo Online Ukraine Shutdown Seized by Ukrainian police 2017 2019 [‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
MercadoLibre Online Argentina Unknown Not listed in 2021 report 2020 2021 [‡ 3]
Movshare Group Online Various Unknown Includes nowvideo.sx, wholecloud.net, auroravid.to, bitvid.sx, nowdownload.ch, cloudtime.to, mewatchseries.to, and watchseries.ac

Not listed in 2018 report

2016 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Movie4k Online Russia Unknown Not listed in 2018 report 2017 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6]
Mp3va Online Russia Dropped by payment processors Sold unlicensed music, pretending to be legitimate 2016 2019 [‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Muaban Online Vietnam Unknown E-commerce site selling counterfeit apparel and footwear, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
MyEgy Online Russia, Egypt Unknown Hosts various infringing files, such as pirated video games, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Nanjing Imperiosus Online China Shutdown Domain registrar for illegal online pharmacies, closed after being terminated by ICANN 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Openload Online Unknown Shutdown Shutdown after legal action by the Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment 2017 2019 [‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
Pelispedia Online Uruguay Shutdown Shutdown by local police and Interpol 2018 2019 [‡ 4][‡ 5]
Phimmoi Online Vietnam Unknown Not listed in 2022 report 2019 2022 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4]
Pobieramy24, Darkwarez, Catshare, and Fileshark Online Poland Unknown Sites index cyberlockers for searching pirated content, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Popcorn Time Online Numerous Unknown Not listed in 2022 report 2020 2022 [‡ 2][‡ 3]
Private Layer Online Panama, Switzerland Unknown Not listed in 2022 report 2016 2022 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Propeller Ads Online Cyprus Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2019 2020 [‡ 4]
Putlocker Online Vietnam Shutdown Streaming site for pirated movies and television shows, closed in 2017 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Rebel Online Unknown Unknown Sells counterfeit pharmaceuticals, not listed in 2018 report 2017 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6]
Repelis Online Unknown Unknown Not listed in 2018 report 2017 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6]
RevenueHits Online Israel Unknown Not listed in 2022 report 2020 2022 [‡ 2][‡ 3]
Seasonvar Online Russia Unknown Not listed in 2021 report 2019 2021 [‡ 3][‡ 4]
Snapdeal Online India Unknown Not listed in 2021 report 2019 2021 [‡ 3][‡ 4]
Torrentz2 Online Bulgaria Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2017 2020 [‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
Turbobit Online Netherlands Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2017 2020 [‡ 4][‡ 5]
TVPlus, TVBrowser, and KuaiKan Online China Unknown Not listed in 2019 report 2017 2019 [‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
Uploaded Online Germany Unknown Not listed in 2022 report 2016 2022 [‡ 2][‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
UpToBox Online France Shutdown Shutdown by local police and ACE 2018 2020 [‡ 4][‡ 5]
Vibbo Online Spain Unknown E-commerce platform selling pirated games and devices to circumvent DRM, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Youtube-mp3 Online Germany Shutdown Stream ripping site with billions of visitors, closed in 2017 following legal action 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Warmane Online Unknown Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2018 2020 [‡ 4][‡ 5]
Weidan Online China Listed under parent Weidan is a "mini program" of WeChat, which was listed in the 2021 report 2020 2021 [‡ 3]
Chenghai District, Shantou Physical China Unknown Manufactures counterfeit goods, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Cheng Huan Cheng International Auto Parts Market, Beijing Physical China Unknown Sells counterfeit car parts, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Hongqiao Market, Beijing Physical China Unknown Sells various counterfeit goods, not listed in 2018 report 2017 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6]
Ritan Office Building, Beijing Physical China Unknown Not listed in 2021 report 2020 2021 [‡ 3]
La Bahia Market, Guayaqu Physical Ecuador Unknown Not listed in 2021 report 2018 2021 [‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Burma Bazaar, Chennai Physical India Unknown Sells various counterfeit goods and pirated media 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Gandhi Nagar, Delhi Physical India Unknown Sells counterfeit apparel 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Kashmiri Gate, Delhi Physical India Unknown Sells counterfeit auto parts 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Millennium Centre, Aizawl Physical India Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2019 2020 [‡ 4]
Harco Glodok, Jakarta Physical Indonesia Unknown Sells counterfeit consumer electronics and pirated media, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Mercato dei venerdi, Ventimiglia Physical Italy Unknown Sells counterfeit clothing, not listed in 2018 report 2017 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6]
Computer Village Market, Ikeja Physical Nigeria Unknown Sells counterfeit computers and accessories, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Oke-Arin & Apongbon Markets, Lagos Island Physical Nigeria Unknown Sells counterfeit drinks and consumer goods, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Polvos Azules, Lima Physical Peru Unknown Not listed in 2021 report 2018 2021 [‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5]
Els Limits de La Jonquera, Girona Physical Spain Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2018 2020 [‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
MBK Mall Physical Thailand Unknown Sells various counterfeit products and pirated media, not listed in 2017 report 2016 2017 [‡ 6][‡ 7]
Patpong Market, Bangkok Physical Thailand Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2018 2020 [‡ 4][‡ 5]
Grand Bazaar, Istanbul Physical Turkey Unknown Not listed in 2021 report 2017 2021 [‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
Barabashova, Kharkiv Physical Ukraine Unknown Not listed in 2020 report 2019 2020 [‡ 4]
DragonMart Physical United Arab Emirates Reformed Counterfeit goods no longer openly displayed following enforcement by Dubai Police 2017 2019 [‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
Ajman China Mall, Ajman Physical United Arab Emirates Reformed Counterfeit goods seized by Ajman Department of Economic Development[‡ 2] 2017 2021 [‡ 3][‡ 4][‡ 5][‡ 6]
Nin Heip Market, Hanoi Physical Vietnam Unknown Not listed in 2018 report 2016 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6][‡ 7]
Tan Binh Market, Ho Chi Minh City Physical Vietnam Unknown Not listed in 2018 report 2017 2018 [‡ 5][‡ 6]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Deahl, Dani (June 21, 2019). "Popular audio ripping site Convert2MP3 shuts down after lawsuit". The Verge. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.

Reports

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am "2022 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. January 31, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz "2021 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. February 17, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw "2020 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. January 14, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd "2019 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 29, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by "2018 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 25, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm "2017 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. January 11, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao "2016 Out of Cycle Review of Notorious Markets" (PDF). Office of the United States Trade Representative. December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.