The non-marine molluscs of Costa Rica are a part of the wildlife of Costa Rica. 233 species and subspecies have been reported (50 freshwater and 183 terrestrial), however scientists estimate that a full inventory can reach up to 300 or 400 species.[1]
![](http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/LocationCostaRica.png)
The terrestrial gastropods reported for Costa Rica belong to 25 families and 59 genera, and include 11 doubtful identifications.[2] Species are commonly found in paramo and oak forests[3] Samples of the species collected in Costa Rica can be found in the Museum of Zoology of the Universidad de Costa Rica.[4][5]
The terrestrial malacofauna of Costa Rica presents an endemism of 31% in terrestrial species and 8% in freshwater species. These species can be affected by water pollution, deforestation and the destruction of calcium-rich habitats.[1]
Gastropods
editThe land gastropods belong to the class Gastropoda. In Costa Rica the taxonomy of this group is as follows:[2]
Helicinidae (17 subspecies)
- Helicina boeckeleri Richling, 2001
- Helicina deppeana parvidens Pilsbry, 1920
- Helicina funcki funcki Pfr, 1848
- Helicina funcki costaricensis Wagner, 1905
- Helicina hojarasca Richling, 2001
- Helicina oweniana coccinostoma Morelet, 1849
- Helicina oweniana anozona Martens, 1875
- Helicina pitalensis Wagner, 1911
- Helicina tenuis tenuis Pfr., 1848
- Helicina tenuis pittieri Wagner, 1911
- Lucidella lirata Pfr., 1847
- Olygyra beatrix Beatrix Angas, 1879
- Olygyra beatrix confusa Wagner, 1911
- Olygyra chiquitica Richling, 2001
- Olygyra fragilis Morelet, 1851
- Olygyra gemma Preston,1903
- Olygyra talamancensis Richling, 2001
Cyclophoridae (15 subspecies)
- Barbacyclus boucardi Angas, 1878
- Barbacyclus princeps Pilsbry, 1935
- Barbacyclus underwoodi Da Costa, 1900
- *Dicrista cooperi Tryon, 1863
- Neocyclotus bisinuatus Martens, 1864
- Neocyclotus capscelius Thompson, 1969
- Neocyclotus carmioli Bartsch & Morrison, 1942
- Neocyclotus costarricense Martens, 1876
- Neocyclotus dysoni dysoni Pfr., 1851
- Neocyclotus dysoni valerioi Bartsch & Morrison, 1942
- Neocyclotus dysoni nicaraguense Bartsch & Morrison, 1942
- Neocyclotus exiguum Bartsch & Morrison, 1942
- Neocyclotus irregulare Pfr., 1855
- Neocyclotus impressus Thompson, 1969
- Neocyclotus pittieri Martens, 1900
Diplommatinidae (1 species)
- Adelopoma costaricense Bartsch & Morrison, 1942
Carychiidae (1 species)
- Carychium exiguum costaricanum
Achatinellidae (2 species)
- Tornatellina biolleyi Martens, 1902
- Tornatellina pittieri Martens, 1898
Vertiginidae (3 species)
- Gastrocopta gularis Thompson & López, 1996
- Nesopupa cocosensis Dall, 1900
- Pupisoma dioscoricola C.B. Adams, 1845
Orthalicidae (30 species)
- Bulimulus corneus Sowerby, 1833
- Drymaeus alternans Beck, 1837
- Drymaeus attenuatus attenuates Pfr., 1851
- Drymaeus attenuatus pittieri Martens, 1893
- Drymaeus costaricensis Pfr., 1862
- Drymaeus discrepans Sowerby, 1833
- Drymaeus gabbi Angas, 1879
- Drymaeus hoffmanni Martens, 1893
- Drymaeus inusitatus Fulton, 1900
- Drymaeus irazuensis Angas, 1878
- Drymaeus jonasi Pfr., 1846
- Drymaeus josephus josephus Angas, 1878
- Drymaeus josephus maculosus Martens, 1893
- Drymaeus josephus concolor Martens, 1893
- Drymaeus lineolatus Conrad, 1855
- Drymaeus megastomus Parodiz, 1962
- Drymaeus pluvialis Pfr., 1862
- Drymaeus recluzianus recluzianus Pfr., 1847
- Drymaeus recluzianus martesianus Pilsbry, 1899
- Drymaeus semimaculatus Pilsbry, 1898
- Drymaeus semipellucidus Tristram, 1861
- Drymaeus sulphureus sulphureus Pfr., 1856
- Drymaeus sulphureus citronellus Angas, 1879
- Drymaeus sulphureus obesus Martens, 1893
- Drymaeus tripictus Albers, 1857
- Drymaeus zhorquinensis Angas, 1879
- Orthalicus ferussaci Martens, 1863
- Orthalicus princeps Sowerby, 1833
- Orthalicus tricinctus Martens, 1893
- Orthalicus zoniferus crossei Martens, 1893
Urocoptidae (1 species)
- Microceramus concisus Morelet, 1849
Subulinidae (23 species)
- Beckianum beckianum beckianum Pfr., 1846
- Beckianum beckianum gabbianum Angas, 1879
- Beckianum sinistrum Martens, 1898
- Lamellaxis gracilis Hutton, 1834
- Lamellaxis micra micra Orbigny, 1835
- Lamellaxis micra subovale Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria ambigua Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria biolleyi Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria convoluta Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria costaricana Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria crenulata Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria guatemalensis majuscula Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria hapaloides Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria insignis E.A. Smith, 1898
- Leptinaria interstriata Tate, 1869–70
- Leptinaria pittieri pittieri Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria pittieri obliquata Martens, 1898
- Leptinaria solida Martens, 1898
- Opeas bocourtianum bocourtianum Crosse & Fischer, 1869
- Opeas bocourtianum pittieri Martens, 1898
- Opeas guatemalense Strebel, 1882
- Opeas pumilum Pfr., 1840
- Subulina octona Bruguière, 1792
Spiraxidae (33 species)
- Euglandina aurata Morelet, 1849
- Euglandina aurantiaca Angas, 1879
- Euglandina anomala Angas, 1879
- Euglandina broctontomlini Pilsbry, 1926
- Euglandina cumingi cumingi Beck, 1837
- Euglandina cumingi rubromarginata Martens, 1891
- Euglandina cylindracea Phillips, 1846
- Euglandina gigantea Pilsbry, 1926
- Euglandina isabelline Pfr., 1846
- Euglandina mitriformis Angas, 1879
- Euglandina monilifera pulcherrima Pfr., 1845
- Euglandina pittieri Martens, 1901
- Pittieria bicolor Martens, 1901
- Pittieria underwoodi Fulton, 1897
- Spiraxis nitidus pittieri Martens, 1898
- Spiraxis paulisculpta Rehder, 1942
- Spiraxis scalella Martens, 1898
- Streptostyla binneyana Crosse & Fischer, 1869
- Streptostyla costaricensis Da Costa, 1904
- Streptostyla cylindracea Pfr., 1846
- *Streptostyla delibuta delibuta Morelet, 1851
- *Streptostyla delibuta crassa Martens 1892-1901: 615
- Streptostyla flavescens boucardi Pfr., 1861
- Streptostyla gabbi Pilsbry, 1907
- *Streptostyla labida (Morelet, 1851)
- *Streptostyla lurida (Shuttleworth, 1852)
- *Streptostyla meridana cobanensis (Tristam, 1861)
- *Streptostyla mitraeformis (Shuttleworth, 1852)
- *Streptostyla sololensis Crosse & Fischer, 1869
- *Streptostyla turgidula (Pfr., 1856)
- Streptostyla valerioi Rehder, 1942
- Streptostyla viridula Angas, 1879
- Salasiella pulchella (Pfr., 1856)
Systrophiidae (5 species)
- Drepanostomella stolli (Martens, 1892)
- Guesteria powisiana (Pfr.)
- Miradiscops puncticipitis (Pilsbry, 1926)
- Occultator olssoni Pilsbry, 1926
- Systrophia costaricana Rehder, 1942
Helicodiscidae (2 species)
- Chanomphalus pilsbryi (Baker, 1922)
- Radiodiscus millecostatus costaricanus Pilsbry, 1926
Charopidae (1 species)
- Rotadiscus pilsbryi Rehder, 1942
Succineidae (5 species)
- Succinea costaricana Martens, 1898
- Succinea globispira Martens, 1898
- Succinea guatemalensis Morelet, 1849
- Succinea haustellum Rehder, 1942
- Succinea recisa Morelet, 1851
Helicarionidae (15 species)
- Euconulus pittieri Martens, 1892)
- Guppya angasi Martens, 1892
- Guppya biolleyi Martens, 1892
- Guppya calverti Pilsbry, 1920
- Guppya micans (Angas, 1879)
- Guppya orosciana Martens, 1892
- Habroconus costaricanus costaricanus (Pilsbry, 1920)
- Habroconus costaricanus elatior (Pilsbry, 1920)
- Habroconus championi (Martens, 1892)
- Habroconus hopkinsi (Dall, 1900)
- Habroconus pallidus Baker, 1941
- Habroconus pacificus (Pfr., 1846)
- Habroconus trochulinus (Morelet, 1851)
- Ovachlamys fulgens (Gude, 1900)
- Velifera gabbi Binney, 1879
Zonitidae (6 species)
- Glyphyalinia indentata (Say, 1823)
- Hawaiia minuscula (Binney, 1840)
- Mesomphix modestus (Martens, 1892)
- Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816)
- Zonitoides hoffmanni (Martens, 1892)
- Zonitoides multivolvis Pilsbry, 1926
Limacidae (1 species)
- Deroceras laeve (Müller, 1774)
Polygyridae (1 species)
- Praticolella griseola (Pfr., 1891)
Thysanophoridae (2 species)
- *Microconus wilhelmi (Pfr., 1866)
- Thysanophora costaricensis Rehder, 1942
Camaenidae (4 species)
- Labyrinthus quadridentatus quadridentatus (Broderip, 1832)
- Labyrinthus quadridentatus biolleyi Solem, 1966
- Labyrinthus triplicatus (Martens, 1868)
- Solaropsis tiloriensis (Angas, 1879)
Helicidae (1 species)
- Cornu aspersum = Helix aspersa Müller, 1774
Helminthoglyptidae (8 species)
- Averellia macneili (Crosse, 1873)
- Cryptostrakon corcovadensis Cuezzo, 1997
- Cryptostrakon gabbi (Binney, 1879)
- Leptarionta adela (Angas, 1878)
- Leptarionta costaricensis (Roth in Pfr., 1857)
- Leptarionta zhorquinensis (Angas, 1879)
- Trichodiscina suturalis (Pfr., 1846)
- Trichodiscina pressula (Morelet, 1851)
Arionidae (1 species)
- Ariolimax costaricensis Cockerell, 1890
Philomycidae (1 species)
- Pallifera costaricensis (Mörch, 1857)
Veronicellidae (2 species)
- Diplosolenodes occidentalis (Guilding, 1825)
- Sarasinula plebeia (Fischer, 1868)
- Hyalinia glomerula Martens, 1892
- Hyalinia permodesta minor Martens, 1892
Bivalvia
editSome bivalves can be found in freshwater ecosystems.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Barrientos, Zaidett (2003). "Estado actual del conocimiento y la conservación de los moluscos continentales de Costa Rica" (PDF). Revista de Biología Tropical. 51: 285–292.
- ^ a b (in Spanish) Barrientos Z. (2003). "Lista de especies de moluscos terrestres (Archaeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, Archaeopulmonata, Stylommatophora, Soleolifera) informadas para Costa Rica". Revista de Biología Tropical 51(Suppl. 3): 293-304. PDF
- ^ Barrientos, Zaidett (2005). Moluscos terrestres de los páramos de Costa Rica. En Kapelle, M. & Horn, S. P. (Eds.) (PDF). Heredia, Costa Rica: INBIO. pp. 501–512.
- ^ "MZUCR Mollusca". museo.biologia.ucr.ac.cr. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
- ^ "An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of México and Central America". ufdc.ufl.edu. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
External links
edit- Land snails (14 species) at website by Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)
- Thompson, F. G. (2010). "Four species of land snails from Costa Rica and Panama (Pulmonata: Spiraxidae)". Revista de Biología Tropical. 58 (1): 195–202. doi:10.15517/rbt.v58i1.5204. PMID 20411717., PDF.
- Barrientos Z. (2010). "Los moluscos terrestres (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de Costa Rica: clasificación, distribución y conservación". Revista de Biología Tropical 58(4): 1165–1175. PDF.