John Loughborough Pearson (1817–97) was an English architect whose works were mainly ecclesiastical.[1] He was born in Brussels, Belgium, and spent his childhood in Durham. Pearson started his architectural training under Ignatius Bonomi in Durham, becoming his principal assistant. In 1841 he left Bonomi, worked for George Pickering for a short time, then moved to London, where he lived for the rest of his life. He worked for five months with Anthony Salvin, then became principal assistant to Philip Hardwick, initially assisting him in the design of buildings at Lincoln's Inn. Pearson's first individual design was for a small, simple church at Ellerker in the East Riding of Yorkshire. This led to other commissions in that part of the country, which allowed him to leave Hardwick and establish his own independent practice.[2]
Pearson designed many new churches during his career, ranging from small country churches to major churches in cities. Among the latter, St Augustine's Church in Kilburn, London, "may claim to be his masterpiece".[2] Towards the end of his career he designed two new cathedrals, at Truro in Cornwall, and Brisbane in Australia; the latter was not built until after his death, and the building was supervised by his son, Frank. Pearson also carried out work in existing churches, making additions and alterations, or undertaking restorations. Again, these works were to churches of all sizes, from country churches to cathedrals; among the latter he worked on the cathedrals at Lincoln, Peterborough, Bristol, Rochester, Leicester, and Gloucester. Pearson also designed secular buildings, which ranged from schools, vicarages, and small houses, to large country houses, for example, Quarwood in Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire. He designed Two Temple Place in Westminster, London, as an estate office for William Waldorf Astor. Pearson also designed university buildings for Sidney Sussex College and Emmanuel College in Cambridge.[2]
Most of Pearson's buildings are in England, but he also carried out work elsewhere, for example Treberfydd, a country house in Wales, and Holy Trinity Church in Ayr, Scotland. Further afield, in addition to Brisbane Cathedral, he designed a cemetery chapel in Malta. His plans were almost always in Gothic Revival style, but in some buildings he used other styles, for example Tudor Revival at Two Temple Place, and Jacobean at Lechlade Manor in Gloucestershire.[2] In the cemetery chapel in Malta, he combined Romanesque Revival and Gothic Revival features.[3] Pearson was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1880. He had one son, Frank Loughborough Pearson, who worked with him as an assistant, completed some of his works after his father's death, and then continued in his own independent practice. Pearson died at his London home and was buried in Westminster Abbey. His estate amounted to over £53,000 (equivalent to £7,600,000 in 2023).[2][4] This list contains Pearson's major designs for non-ecclesiastical works, and includes all those in the National Heritage List for England.
Key
edit| Grade | Criteria[5] | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade I | Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important. | ||||||||||||
| Grade II* | Particularly important buildings of more than special interest. | ||||||||||||
| Grade II | Buildings of national importance and special interest. | ||||||||||||
| "—" denotes a work that is not graded. | |||||||||||||
Works
edit| Name | Location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House | North Road, Durham 54°46′36″N 1°34′55″W / 54.7768°N 1.5819°W |
—
|
1842 | Built as a two-storey sandstone house, later used by a bus company as a canteen.[6] | II |
| New Hall, Lincoln's Inn | Holborn, Camden, Greater London 51°30′59″N 0°06′52″W / 51.5163°N 0.1145°W |
|
1843–45 | As assistant to Philip Hardwick, banqueting hall and offices in Tudor style.[7] | II* |
| Library, Lincoln's Inn | Holborn, Camden, Greater London 51°31′00″N 0°06′53″W / 51.5167°N 0.1147°W |
|
1843–45 | As assistant to Philip Hardwick, library in Tudor style.[8] | II* |
| School | Devoran, Cornwall 50°12′40″N 5°05′33″W / 50.2112°N 5.0926°W |
|
1846 | Built as a National School, with one large and one small room, later extended.[9] | II |
| School | Feock, Cornwall 50°12′20″N 5°03′02″W / 50.2055°N 5.0506°W |
—
|
1846 | Built as a National School, later used as a house.[10] | II |
| Treberfydd | Llangors, Powys, Wales 51°55′17″N 3°16′03″W / 51.9213°N 3.2675°W |
|
1847–50 | A new country house for Robert Raikes replacing an earlier house on the site. It is an asymmetrical house in Tudor Revival style which incorporates the core of the earlier house. At its entrance is a three-storey battlemented tower with gargoyles.[2][11][12] | I |
| School and schoolmaster's house | Llangasty Tal-y-llyn, Llangors, Powys, Wales 51°55′35″N 3°15′44″W / 51.9265°N 3.2623°W |
—
|
c. 1850 | The original building was a single-storey schoolroom. Pearson added the schoolmaster's house in the 1890s. It has since been extended and converted for domestic use.[2][13] | II* |
| Quar Wood (or Quarwood) |
Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire 51°55′13″N 1°43′40″W / 51.9204°N 1.7278°W |
.jpg)
|
1856–59 | A country house in French Gothic style, which has since been extensively altered.[2][14] | —
|
| Broomfleet Grange | Broomfleet, East Riding of Yorkshire 53°44′03″N 0°39′53″W / 53.7342°N 0.6646°W |
—
|
c. 1860 | Built as a parsonage, later a private house.[15] | II |
| Brooking Lodge | Dartington, Devon 50°26′00″N 3°44′56″W / 50.4332°N 3.7490°W |
—
|
1860–61 | A school and school house in limestone, later converted into a single house.[16] | II |
| St Peter's School | Lambeth, Greater London 51°29′14″N 0°07′07″W / 51.4871°N 0.1186°W |
|
1860–61 | Built as a brick school in picturesque Gothic style. No longer used as a school.[17] | II* |
| St Peter's Orphanage | Lambeth, Greater London 51°29′12″N 0°07′08″W / 51.4866°N 0.1190°W |
—
|
1860–62 | Built as an orphanage and a training college for the daughters of clergy and professionals. Constructed in brick with dressings of Bath stone in three storeys. Later known as Herbert House.[18] | II* |
| Parsonage | Appleton-le-Moors, North Yorkshire 54°17′01″N 0°52′24″W / 54.2835°N 0.8732°W |
—
|
1865 | Later converted into two dwellings.[19] | II |
| School and schoolmaster's house | Appleton-le-Moors, North Yorkshire 54°16′47″N 0°52′18″W / 54.2798°N 0.8718°W |
—
|
1865 | A two-storey house and school hall in limestone with some timber framing. Later used as a house and village hall.[20] | II |
| Rectory | Ayot St Peter, Hertfordshire 51°49′17″N 0°14′00″W / 51.8213°N 0.2333°W |
—
|
1866–67 | Built as a rectory, later a house.[21][22] | II |
| Roundwyke House | Ebernoe, West Sussex 51°03′08″N 0°35′23″W / 51.0523°N 0.5898°W |
—
|
1868 | A house in Tudor style in two storeys. It is constructed in stone with timbered gables.[2][23] | II |
| Parsonage | Freeland, Oxfordshire 51°48′42″N 1°24′05″W / 51.8117°N 1.4014°W |
—
|
1869–71 | Built as a parsonage, later part of the Convent of St Clare.[2][24] | II |
| School | Freeland, Oxfordshire 51°48′42″N 1°24′05″W / 51.8117°N 1.4015°W |
—
|
1871 | A school in limestone with an upper storey in mock timber framing. Later used as a house.[2][25] | II |
| Lechlade Manor | Lechlade, Gloucestershire 51°41′54″N 1°41′12″W / 51.6982°N 1.6866°W |
|
1872–73 | A large three-storey country house in stone with tiled roofs; in Jacobean style. Later became part of the Convent of St Clotilde.[2][26] | II |
| Subdeanery | Lincoln 53°14′03″N 0°32′17″W / 53.2341°N 0.5380°W |
|
1873 | Refronting of a building that originated in the 13th century.[27] | II* |
| School | Sutton Veny, Wiltshire 51°10′30″N 2°08′29″W / 51.1750°N 2.1414°W |
|
1873–74 | A primary school, constructed in limestone, with an L-plan.[2][28] | II |
| Vicarage and vicarage lodge | Clifton, York 53°58′16″N 1°05′50″W / 53.9710°N 1.0972°W |
—
|
1879–80 | A vicarage for the church of St Philip and St James.[29] | II |
| Rectory | East Woodlands, Selwood, Somerset 51°11′41″N 2°18′07″W / 51.1946°N 2.3019°W |
—
|
1880 | Remodelled a rectory built in the early 19th century, later used as a house.[30] | II |
| Church Cottage | Dartington, Devon 50°27′05″N 3°42′45″W / 50.4514°N 3.7125°W |
—
|
c. 1880 | A two-storey house in limestone with sandstone dressings and slate roofs. It has an L-shaped plan.[31] | II |
| Westwood House | Sydenham, Lewisham, Greater London 51°25′39″N 0°03′37″W / 51.4275°N 0.0604°W |
—
|
1881 | A house built for Henry Littleton. It later became an orphanage, but was demolished in 1952.[2][32] | —
|
| Canon's House | Westminster, Greater London 51°29′52″N 0°07′36″W / 51.4978°N 0.1267°W |
—
|
1882 | A two-storey house in red brick with stone dressings, later used as offices.[33] | II |
| All Saints Vicarage | Hove, East Sussex 50°49′49″N 0°09′59″W / 50.8302°N 0.1663°W |
—
|
1883 | A two-storey brick building with an L-plan, later converted into two dwellings. Its garden wall and gatepiers are listed separately, also at Grade II.[34][35] | II |
| Convent of St Peter | Woking, Surrey 51°19′12″N 0°32′18″W / 51.3200°N 0.5384°W |
—
|
1883–89 | Built as a convent in free Perpendicular style in red brick with stone dressings. Later used as a home for the elderly.[36] | II |
| Turle's House, Little Dean's Yard |
Westminster School, Greater London 51°29′55″N 0°07′40″W / 51.4987°N 0.1277°W |
—
|
1884 | A school house, incorporating 11th-century fabric. It is constructed in brick with stone dressings, and is in Neo-Tudor style.[37] | II |
| Rectory | Whitwell, Derbyshire 53°17′09″N 1°12′48″W / 53.2858°N 1.2134°W |
—
|
1885 | Built for the Revd George Mason, it is a sandstone building with tiled roofs, and was later used as a private house.[2][38] | II |
| Stonebow and Guildhall | Lincoln 53°13′45″N 0°32′26″W / 53.2293°N 0.5405°W |
|
1885–90 | The south gateway to the city with the guildhall above, restored and remodelled.[39] | I |
| Spurfield | Exminster, Devon 50°40′42″N 3°29′46″W / 50.6782°N 3.4961°W |
—
|
1887–89 | Built as a rectory, later a residential home for handicapped people.[40] | II |
| Great Gatehouse | Bristol 51°27′06″N 2°36′06″W / 51.4516°N 2.6018°W |
 |
1888 | Restoration and extension of an archway dating from the 12th century.[41] | I |
| Palace of Westminster | Westminster, Greater London 51°29′59″N 0°07′29″W / 51.4997°N 0.1246°W |
|
1888 | Added offices against the side of Westminster Hall.[42] | I |
| Fairstead | Great Warley, Essex 51°35′17″N 0°17′30″E / 51.5880°N 0.2918°E |
—
|
1889 | A country house in red brick with stone dressings and in an irregular plan.[43] | II |
| Law School and University Offices | Cambridge 52°12′19″N 0°06′58″E / 52.2053°N 0.1162°E |
—
|
1890 | Rebuilding of part of the west wing.[44] | I |
| Sidney Sussex College | Cambridge 52°12′27″N 0°07′12″E / 52.2075°N 0.1201°E |
—
|
1890 | Added a north cloister.[45] | I |
| Cliveden | Taplow, Buckinghamshire 51°33′29″N 0°41′18″W / 51.5581°N 0.6883°W |
|
1890s | Altered and redecorated the interior. Also, in 1893–96, Pearson designed the mosaics in the chapel.[46][47] | I |
| Sidney Sussex College | Cambridge 52°12′28″N 0°07′13″E / 52.2078°N 0.1202°E |
—
|
1891 | Added the Cloister Court.[48] | II* |
| Emmanuel House, Emmanuel College |
Cambridge 52°12′17″N 0°07′33″E / 52.2046°N 0.1257°E |
|
1893–94 | A new building in Jacobean style.[49] | II |
| Hostel, Emmanuel College |
Cambridge 52°12′16″N 0°07′34″E / 52.2044°N 0.1261°E |
|
1893–94 | Extended a building of 1885.[50] | II |
| Astor Estate Office | 2 Temple Place, Westminster, Greater London 51°30′42″N 0°06′44″W / 51.5116°N 0.1122°W |
|
1895 | Built as an estate office for the Astor Estate, including a flat for Lord Astor. Later became the Incorporated Accountants Hall. The gates, gatepiers and railings, also designed by Pearson, are listed separately, also at Grade II*.[2][51][52] | II* |
| Rustington House | Rustington, West Sussex 50°49′07″N 0°30′53″W / 50.8187°N 0.5147°W |
—
|
Late 19th century | Built as a house, later used as Summerlea School. The lodge on Worthing Roadis listed separately, also at Grade II.[53][54] | II |
| Model farm | Hever, Kent 51°11′50″N 0°06′46″E / 51.1971°N 0.1128°E |
—
|
Undated | These were all parts of a model farm for Hever Castle; each is listed at Grade II. They consist of the former bailiff's house, the stables, the colonnade, the haybarn, the dairy, the dairy cottage, the Epsom Wing, the stud farm, and cartsheds.[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] The Model Farm at Hever was the work of Frank Loughborough Pearson, son of J.L. Pearson, as is made clear in the references given. | II |
See also
editReferences
editCitations
- ^ Howard, C; Taylor, S (2016). "The Church and Chapel Interiors of John Loughborough Pearson: A Selective Assessment of their Significance. Historic England Research Report 26/2016". research.historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Waterhouse, Paul; Quiney, Anthony (rev.) (2010) [2004]. "Pearason, John Loughborough (1817–1897". In Quiney, Anthony (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21720. Retrieved 23 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) ((subscription or UK public library membership required))
- ^ The chapel at Ta' Braxia Cemetery, Victorian Web, retrieved 6 December 2012
- ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ Listed Buildings, Historic England, retrieved 29 March 2015
- ^ Historic England, "United Bus Company Canteen, Durham (1160392)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 8 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "New Hall, Camden (1379298)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 21 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "New Hall Library, Camden (1379299)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 21 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Devoran Primary School and perimeter walls and railings (1159304)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 8 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "The Old School, Feock (1140899)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 December 2012
- ^ Cadw, "Treberfydd (also known as Treberfedd) (6757)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 24 December 2012
- ^ History, Treberfydd House, retrieved 24 December 2012
- ^ Cadw, "Old School House (also known as Yr Hen Ysgol), Llangasty Tal-y-llyn (6756)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 24 December 2012
- ^ Quar Wood, Victorian Web, retrieved 24 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Broomfleet Grange (1083335)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 5 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Brooking Lodge, Dartington (1108331)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 8 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Former St Peter's School, Lambeth (1064944)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Herbert House, Lambeth (1185572)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 9 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Mullion Court St Mary's, Appleton-le-Moors (1149264)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 8 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "School House and the Village House, Appleton-le-Moors (1149257)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 8 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "The Old Rectory including garage, Ayot St Peter (1101058)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 5 December 2012
- ^ Cherry & Pevsner (1977), p. 81
- ^ Historic England, "Roundwyke House, Ebernoe (1239392)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "No.168 (The Old Parsonage) and attached wall, Freeland (1198706)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 9 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "The Old Schoolhouse, Freeland (1053019)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 8 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Convent of St Clotilde, Lechlade (1303277)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 20 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "The Subdeanery and East Midlands Tourist Board offices, Lincoln (1388668)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 21 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Sutton Veny County Primary School (1183645)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 9 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Vicarage and Vicarage Lodge to Church of St Philip and St James, York (1259231)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Rectory, Selwood (1175836)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 8 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Church Cottage, Dartington (1324957)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 20 December 2012
- ^ Streets of Sydenham - Sheenewood, Sydenham Town, retrieved 20 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Abbey (Canons') Garden, City of Westminster (1219484)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 11 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "All Saints Vicarage, Brighton (1210060)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 10 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Garden Wall and Gatepiers to All Saints Vicarage, Brighton (1210119)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 10 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Former Convent of St Peter, Woking (1236611)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Little Dean's Yard; Turle's House, Westminster (1066374)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "The Old Rectory, Whitwell (1108939)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Stonebow and Guildhall, Lincoln (1388605)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 21 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Spurfield, Exminster (1097847)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 5 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "The Great Gatehouse, Bristol (1202132)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 10 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Houses of Parliament the Palace of Westminster (1226284)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 14 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Fairstead, Great Warley (1297229)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 19 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "The Law School and University Offices, Cambridge (1126279)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Sidney Sussex College, the buildings surrounding Hall Court and Chapel Court, Cambridge (1106237)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 5 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Cliveden (1125041)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Chapel, Cliveden (1165582)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 8 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Sidney Sussex College, Cloister Court, Cambridge (1125496)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Emmanuel College, Emmanuel House, Cambridge (1125522)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Hostel, Emmanuel House, Cambridge (1125523)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Incorporated Accountants Hall, Westminster (1234514)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 14 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Gates, Railings and Gate piers to No 2 Temple Place, Westminster (1066232)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Summerlea School (1027561)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "The Lodge at Summerlea School to the south west of the Schoolhouse (1221589)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 12 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Hever Lodge (1244266)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Stables to Hever Lodge (1244267)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Circular Colonnade at Hever Lodge and Cowhouses (1244268)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Former haybarn at Hever Lodge (1244269)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Dairy at Hever Lodge (1244270)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Dairy Cottage at Hever Stud Farm (1244271)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Epsom Wing Hever Stud Farm (1244272)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Hever Castle Stud Farm (1244273)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
- ^ Historic England, "Garages formerly Cartsheds at Hever Stud Farm (1244274)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 15 December 2012
Sources
- Cherry, Bridget; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1977) [1953], Hertfordshire, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-14-071007-8