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Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule.[1] A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independent of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism.[2][3][4]
Depending on the country, a royalist may advocate for the rule of the person who sits on the throne, a regent, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise occupy the throne but has been deposed.
Albania
edit- Pandeli Evangjeli (1859–1949)
- Salih Vuçitërni (1880–1949)
- Ismet Bey Kryeziu (1889–1952)
- Abaz Kupi (1892–1976)
- Prenk Pervizi (1897–1977)
- Tahir Dizdari (1900–1972)
- Crown Prince Leka Zogu I (1939–2011)
- Ekrem Spahiu (born 1960)
- Crown Prince Leka Zogu II (born 1982)
American
edit- Lewis Nicola (1717–1807)
- Nathaniel Gorham (1738–1796)
- Alexander Hamilton (1755 or 1757–1804)[5][6][7]
- James Strang (1813–1856)
- Joshua Norton (1818–1880)
- Ralph Adams Cram (1863–1942)[8]
- Solange Hertz (1920–2015)[9]
- Leland B. Yeager (1924–2018)[10]
- Lee Walter Congdon (born 1939)[11]
- Robert Jordan (1948–2007)[12]
- Charles A. Coulombe (born 1960)[13]
- Michael Auslin (born 1967)[14]
Hawaiian
edit- Samuel Nowlein (1851–1905)
- Lydia Liliuokalani Kawānanakoa (1905–1969)
- Abigail Kinoiki Kekaulike Kawānanakoa (1926–2022)
- Owana Salazar (born 1953)
Argentine
edit- Manuel Belgrano (1770–1820)
Australian
edit- Arthur Groom[15] (1904–1953)
- Joan Sutherland[16] (1926–2010)
- Tony Abbott[17][18] (born 1957)
- Sophie Mirabella[18] (born 1968)
- Scott Morrison[19] (born 1968)
Austrian
edit- Georg von Trapp[20] (1880–1947)
- Engelbert Dollfuss (1892-1934)
- Joseph Roth[21] (1894–1939)
- Kurt Schuschnigg (1897-1977)
- Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn[22] (1909–1999)
- Ernst Fuchs[23] (1930–2015)
Belgian
edit- Hergé (1903–1983)
- Leon Degrelle (1906–1994)
Brazilian
edit- José Bonifácio (1763–1838)
- Maria Quitéria (1792–1853)
- Baron of Taunay (1795–1881)
- Duke of Caxias (1803–1880)
- Count of Porto Alegre (1804–1875)
- Viscount of Itajubá (1805–1884)
- Baron of Santo Ângelo (1806–1879)
- Viscount of Rio Branco (1819–1880)
- João Lustosa da Cunha Paranaguá, Marquis of Paranaguá (1821–1912)
- José de Alencar (1829–1877)
- Antônio Conselheiro (1830–1897)
- Gaspar da Silveira Martins (1835–1901)
- Carlos Gomes (1836–1896)
- Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto (1836–1912)
- André Rebouças (1838–1898)
- Machado de Assis (1839–1908)
- Joaquim Nabuco (1839–1910)
- Viscount of Taunay (1843–1899)
- Baron of Rio Branco (1845–1912)
- José do Patrocínio (1853–1905)
- Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873–1932)
- Monteiro Lobato (1882–1948)
- Câmara Cascudo (1898–1986)
- Arlindo Veiga dos Santos (1902–1978)
- Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira (1908–1995)
- José Osvaldo de Meira Penna (1917–2017)
- Ariano Suassuna (1927–2014)
- Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza (born 1941)[24]
- Gilberto Callado (born 1956)[25]
- Delegado Waldir (born 1962)[25]
- Márcio Bittar (born 1963)[25]
- Luiz Philippe of Orléans-Braganza (born 1969)[24]
- Carla Zambelli (born 1980)[25]
- Paulo Eduardo Martins (born 1981)[25]
- Enrico Misasi (born 1994)[25]
British
edit- Winston Churchill (1874–1965)
- T.S. Eliot (1888–1965)
- Agatha Christie (1890–1976)
- J.R.R. Tolkien[26] (1892–1973)
- Hector Bolitho (1897–1974)
- C.S. Lewis (1898–1963)
- John Betjeman[27] (1906–1984)
- Harold Wilson (1916–1995)
- Anthony Burgess (1917–1993)
- Peregrine Worsthorne (1923–2020)
- Mary Warnock, Baroness Warnock (1924–2019)
- Joan Collins[28] (born 1933)
- Alan Bennett[29] (born 1933)
- Judi Dench[30] (born 1934)
- Nikolai Tolstoy[31] (1935)
- John Major[32] (born 1943)
- Simon Blackburn[33] (born 1944)
- Tony Blair[34] (born 1953)
- Ian Botham[35] (born 1955)
- Stephen Fry[36] (born 1957)
- Rupert Everett[37] (born 1959)
- Peter Whittle (born 1961)
- Tracey Emin[38] (born 1963)
- Peter Morgan[39] (born 1963)
- Rachel Johnson[40] (born 1965)
- David Cameron[41] (born 1966)
- David Beckham (born 1975)
Canadian
edit- George-Étienne Cartier[42] (1814–1873)
- John A. Macdonald[43] (1815–1891)
- Alexander Tilloch Galt[43](1817–1893)
- Thomas D'Arcy McGee[43] (1825–1868)
- Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière[44] (1829–1908)
- Emily Carr[45] (1871–1945)
- William Lyon Mackenzie King[46] (1874–1950)
- David Milne[47] (1882–1953)
- Louis St. Laurent[48] (1882–1973)
- Vincent Massey[49] (1887–1967)
- Georges Vanier[50] (1888–1967)
- Conn Smythe[51] (1895–1980)
- John Diefenbaker[48] (1895–1979)
- Lester B. Pearson[52] (1897–1972)
- Eugene Forsey[53] (1904–1991)
- George Montegu Black II[54] (1911–1976)
- Robertson Davies[55] (1913–1995)
- George Grant[56] (1918–1988)
- Pierre Trudeau[57] (1919–2000)
- Nancy Bell[58] (1924–1989)
- Robert Layton[59] (1925–2002)
- Glenn Gould[60] (1932–1982)
- Jean Chrétien[61] (born 1934)
- Don Cherry[62] (born 1934)
- Margaret Atwood[63] (born 1939)
- Charles Pachter[64] (born 1942)
- Michael Valpy[43] (born 1942)
- John Fraser[65] (born 1944)
- Jack Layton[59] (1950–2011)
- Kevin S. MacLeod[66] (born 1951)
- Andrew Coyne[65] (born 1960)
- Ray Novak[67] (born 1977)
Chinese
edit- Zhang Xun (1854–1923)
- Xu Shichang (1855–1939)
- Kang Youwei (1858–1927)
- Yuan Shikai (1859–1916)
- Zhang Zuolin (1875–1928)
Costa Rican
edit- Tranquilino de Bonilla y Herdocia (1797–1864)[68]
- José Rafael Gallegos (1784–1850)[68]
- Manuel María de Peralta y López del Corral (?–1837)[68]
Croatian
edit- Josip Frank (1844–1911)
Czech
edit- Adolf Born (1930–2016)
- Miroslav Štěpánek (1923–2005)
Fijian
edit- George Cakobau (1912–1989)
- Penaia Ganilau (1918–1993)
- Kamisese Mara (1920–2004)
French
edit- Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet (1627–1704)
- Thomas de Mahy, Marquis de Favras (1744–1790)
- Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821)
- Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu (1766–1822)
- Jacques Laffitte (1767–1844)
- François-René de Chateaubriand (1768–1848)
- Joseph de Villèle (1773–1854)
- Casimir Pierre Périer (1777–1832)
- Jules de Polignac (1780–1847)
- Élie, duc Decazes (1780–1860)
- Casimir-Louis-Victurnien de Rochechouart de Mortemart (1787–1875)
- Pierre-Antoine Berryer (1790–1868)
- Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850)
- Jacques Crétineau-Joly (1803–1875)
- Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot (1817–1882)
- Louis Gaston Adrien de Ségur (1820–1881)
- Louis Billot (1846–1931)
- Henri de Gaulle[69] (1848–1932)
- Henri Vaugeois (1864–1916)
- Charles Maurras[70] (1868–1952)
- Jacques Bainville (1879–1936)
- Pierre Benoit (1886–1962)
- Henri d'Astier de la Vigerie (1897–1952)
- Thierry Maulnier (1909–1988)
- Georges-Paul Wagner (1921–2006)
- Jean Raspail (1925–2020)
- Pierre Pujo (1929–2007)
German
edit- Fedor von Bock (1880–1945)
- August von Mackensen (1849–1945)
- Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (1884–1945)
- Franz Josef Strauss (1915–1988)
- Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898)
Greek
edit- Ioannis Metaxas (1871–1941)
- Dimitrios Gounaris (1867–1922)
- Panagis Tsaldaris (1868–1936)
- Alexandros Papagos (1883–1955)
- Konstantinos Tsaldaris (1884–1970)
- Georgios Grivas (1897–1974)
- Georgios Rallis (1918–2006)
- Ilias Kasidiaris (1980–)[71]
Hungarian
edit- Albert Apponyi[72] (1846–1933)
- József Mindszenty[73] (1892–1975)
- Margit Slachta[74] (1884–1974)
Italian
edit- Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
- Dante Alighieri (c. 1265–1321)
- Robert Bellarmine (1542-1621)
- Pope Pius VI (1717-1799)
- Fabrizio Ruffo (1744-1827)
- Francesco Crispi (1818–1901)
- Pope Pius XII (1876–1958)
Japanese
edit- Kitabatake Chikafusa (1293–1354)
- Yamazaki Ansai (1619–1682)
- Kamo no Mabuchi (1697–1769)
- Motoori Norinaga (1730–1801)
- Hirata Atsutane (1776–1843)
- Aizawa Seishisai (1782–1863)
- Yoshida Shōin (1830–1859)
- Hiraizumi Kiyoshi (1895–1984)
- Yukio Mishima[75] (1925–1970)
- Otoya Yamaguchi[76] (1943–1960)
- Yoshiko Sakurai[77] (born 1945)
Jamaican
edit- Alexander Bustamante (1884–1977)
- Sir Howard Cooke (1915–2014)
- Norman Manley (1893–1969)
Maltese
edit- George Borg Olivier (1911–1980)
Mauritius
edit- Gaëtan Duval (1930–1996)
- Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (1900–1985)
Mexican
edit- Lucas Alamán (1792–1853)
- José Mariano Salas (1797–1867)
- Juan Almonte (1803–1869)
- Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos (1816–1891)
- Tomás Mejía Camacho (1820–1867)
- Miguel Miramón (1832–1867)
- Leonardo Márquez (1820–1913)
Polish
edit- Aleksy Ćwiakowski[78] (1885–1953)
- Stanisław Mackiewicz (1896–1966)
- Michał Marusik (1951–2020)
- Janusz Korwin-Mikke[79] (born 1942)
- Robert Iwaszkiewicz[80] (born 1962)
- Radek Sikorski[81] (born 1963)
- Grzegorz Braun[82] (born 1967)
Portuguese
edit- Ramalho Ortigão[83] (1836–1915)
- Guilherme de Santa-Rita[84] (1889–1918)
- António Sardinha[85] (1887–1925)
- Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen[86] (1919–2004)
- Gonçalo Ribeiro Telles[87] (1922–2020)
- Miguel Esteves Cardoso[88] (born 1955)
Russian
edit- Nikolai Gogol (1809-1852)
- Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881)
- Nikolai Golitsyn (1850-1925)
- Alexander Dubrovin (1855-unknown)
- Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg (1868–1927)
- Vladimir Purishkevich (1870–1920)
- Vladimir Zhirinovsky[89] (1946–2022)
- Valentina Matviyenko[89] (born 1949)
- Boris Nemtsov[89] (1959–2015)
- Anton Bakov[90] (born 1965)
- Natalia Poklonskaya[91][92] (born 1980)
- Anna Kuznetsova[93] (born 1982)
Serbian
edit- Milan Nedić (1878–1946)
- Nikolaj Velimirović (1881–1956)
- Dimitrije Ljotić[94] (1891–1945)
- Draža Mihajlović[95] (1893–1946)
- Momčilo Đujić (1907–1999)
- Pavle, Serbian Patriarch (1914–2009)
- Irinej, Serbian Patriarch (1930–2020)
- Nebojša M. Krstić (1964–2001)
South African
edit- De Villiers Graaff (1913–1999)
- Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902)
- Jan Smuts (1870–1950)
Spanish
edit- Jaime Balmes (1810–1848)[96]
- Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897)
- Pedro Muñoz Seca (1879–1936)[97]
- Salvador Dalí (1904–1989)[98]
- Pablo Casado (born 1981)[99][100]
Turkish
edit- Besim Tibuk (born 1945)[101]
- Celâl Şengör (born 1955)[102]
References
edit- ^ Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, 1989 edition, p. 924.
- ^ Bohn, H. G. (1849). The Standard Library Cyclopedia of Political, Constitutional, Statistical and Forensic Knowledge. p. 640.
A republic, according to the modern usage of the word, signifies a political community which is not under monarchical government ... in which one person does not possess the entire sovereign power.
- ^ "Definition of Republic". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
a government having a chief of state who is not a monarch ... a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law
- ^ "The definition of republic". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2017-02-18.
a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them. ... a state in which the head of government is not a monarch or other hereditary head of state.
- ^ Hamilton, Alexander (1962). The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Volume 9. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08903-1
- ^ Madison, James (2005). Larson, Edward J.; Winship, Michael P. (eds.). The Constitutional Convention: A Narrative History from the Notes of James Madison. New York: Modern Library. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-8129-7517-8.
- ^ Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Erik von (1974). Leftism Revisited: From de Sade and Marx to Hitler and Marcuse (PDF). Arlington House. p. 62.
- ^ "A King for America; THE END OF DEMOCRACY. By Ralph Adams Cram". New York Times. 19 September 1937.
- ^ Hertz, Solange. Democracy, Monarchy and the Fourth Commandment
- ^ Yeager, Leland B. (12 July 2011). "A Libertarian Case for Monarchy". Mises Institute. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022.
- ^ "JMU's Favorite Monarchist". Montpelier: James Madison University Magazine. Spring 2002. p. 22.
- ^ Livingston, Michael (2022). Origins of the Wheel of Time. Tor. p. 28. ISBN 9781250860545.
- ^ Coulombe, Charles A. (2016). Star-Spangled Crown: A Simple Guide to the American Monarchy. Tumblar House. ISBN 978-1-9443-3905-0.
- ^ Auslin, Michael (2 January 2014). "America Needs a King". Politico.
- ^ Groom, Arthur (1936). Edward the Eighth – Our King. Allied Newspapers Limited.
- ^ "Sounds of Summer: Dame Joan Sutherland". PM. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 January 2006. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ Pearlman, Johnathan (7 September 2013). "Ten things you didn't know about Tony Abbott". telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 19 Nov 2013.
- ^ a b Johnson, Carol; Wanna, John; Lee, Hsu-Ann (2015). Abbott's Gambit: The 2013 Australian Federal Election. ANU Press. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-9250-2209-4.
- ^ Bourke, Latika (2018-10-17). "Australia's position on a republic untenable: Queen 'believes'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
- ^ Gordon, Brook-Shepherd (1991). The Last Empress: The Life and Times of Zita of Austria-Hungary, 1892–1989. HarperCollins. p. 289. ISBN 0-0021-5861-2.
- ^ Rosenfeld, Sidney (2001). Understanding Joseph Roth. University of South Carolina Press. p. 55. ISBN 1-5700-3398-6.
- ^ von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Erik (2001). "Monarchy and War". Journal of Libertarian Studies. 15 (1): 1–41. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ "Ernst Fuchs posthum als Monarchist geoutet". Kurier.at (in German). Funke Mediengruppe. 16 August 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ a b "Danilo Gentili recebe o Príncipe Dom Bertrand no The Noite". SBT. 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
- ^ a b c d e f "Monarquistas ocupam cargos em Brasília e reabilitam grupo católico ultraconservador" [Monarchists occupy posts in Brasília and rehabilitate ultraconservative Catholic group]. BBC Brasil. 2019-04-04.
- ^ Letters, no. 52, to Christopher Tolkien, 29 November 1943
- ^ Showed support for the British monarchy in his documentary film Metro-Land (1973).
- ^ "Joan Collins so happy with husband". Film-News.co.uk. 4 February 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ^ "Sir Alan? Oh no, it'd be like wearing a suit every day". The Independent. 31 May 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- ^ Expressed support for the British monarchy in the TV series Royalty A-Z (2002). Narrator of The Royal Story.
- ^ Moore, J.; Sonsino, S. (2003). Leadership Unplugged. Springer. p. 71. ISBN 0-2305-9643-6.
- ^ "The monarchy remains the most powerful symbol of one unified nation." (2002).
- ^ "Long live the Queen?". Retrieved 22 April 2019.
- ^ "A lot of people of my generation have decided in part because of how important a unifier for the country the Queen has been that actually [the monarchy] is a better system – rationally." (2002)
- ^ "The monarchy stands for everything that I love and I feel proud to be British. Yes, I am a royalist." (2007)
- ^ Fry, Stephen (2017-06-30). "Happy Birthday, America. One Small Suggestion ..." The New York Times. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ "Patrons | British Monarchist Society and Foundation". bmsf.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-09-02.
- ^ Rojas, John-Paul Ford (2011-12-28). "Tracey Emin: I'm abused by other artists for voting Tory". Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
- ^ "I used to be anti monarchy – but now I’m a royalist." (2017)
- ^ Referred to herself as a Monarchist on the debate show The Pledge (2016).
- ^ Jones, Dylan (2010). Cameron on Cameron: Conversations with Dylan Jones. Fourth Estate. ISBN 978-0-00-728537-2.
- ^ Gray, Charlotte (2016). The Promise of Canada: 150 Years—People and Ideas That Have Shaped Our Country. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-8469-4.
Back home, Cartier impressed Upper Canadians with his unabashed anglophilia: he was a passionate monarchist who named his third daughter Reine-Victoria and believed that the Conquest in 1763 had saved Lower Canada from the misery and shame of the French Revolution.
- ^ a b c d Brouillet, Eugénie; Gagnon, Alain-G.; Laforest, Guy (2018). The Quebec Conference of 1864: Understanding the Emergence of the Canadian Federation. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-7735-5605-8.
- ^ Little, John (2013). Patrician Liberal: The Public and Private Life of Sir Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, 1829–1908. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-6699-3.
As a Canadian nationalist and constitutional monarchist, he firmly believed that the lieutenant governor was considerably more than a figurehead...
- ^ Udall, Sharyn Roshlfsen (2001). Carr, O'Keeffe, Kahlo: Places of Their Own. Yale University Press. p. 30. ISBN 0-3000-9186-9.
- ^ Chodos, Robert; Murphy, Rae; Hamovitch, Eric (1991). The Unmaking of Canada: The Hidden Theme in Canadian History Since 1945. James Lorimer Company. p. 20. ISBN 1-5502-8337-5.
- ^ Silcox, David P.; Milne, David (1996). Painting Place: The Life and Work of David B. Milne, Volume 1. University of Toronto Press. p. 206. ISBN 0-8020-4095-0.
- ^ a b Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Garry (2002). Fifty Years the Queen: A Tribute to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on Her Golden Jubilee. Dundurn. p. 12. ISBN 1-5500-2360-8.
- ^ Hubbard, R. H. (1977). Rideau Hall: An Illustrated History of the Government House, Ottawa, from Victorian Times to the Present Day. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 221. ISBN 0-7735-9452-3.
- ^ Coady, Mary Frances (2011). Georges and Pauline Vanier: Portrait of a Couple. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-7735-3883-2.
- ^ Blake, Jason (2010). Canadian Hockey Literature: A Thematic Study. University of Toronto Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8020-9713-2.
- ^ Buckner, Philip (2007). Canada and the End of Empire. UBC Press. pp. 67–68. ISBN 978-0-7748-5066-7.
- ^ Forsey, Helen (2012). Eugene Forsey, Canada's Maverick Sage: Canada's Maverick Sage. Dundurn. p. 434. ISBN 978-1-4597-0243-1.
- ^ Tombs, George (2010). Robber Baron: Lord Black of Crossharbour. ECW Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-5549-0312-2.
- ^ Ross, Val (2009). Robertson Davies: A Portrait in Mosaic. McClelland & Stewart. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-5519-9211-2.
- ^ Harrison, Trevor W.; Friesen, John W. (2015). Canadian Society in the Twenty-First Century, 3e: An Historical Sociological Approach. Canadian Scholars' Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-5513-0735-0.
- ^ Hutchison, Bruce (1985). The unfinished country: to Canada with love and some misgivings. Douglas & McIntyre. p. 40. ISBN 0-8889-4481-0.
- ^ "Nancy Bell, 65 independent voice in Senate", Toronto Star, December 1, 1989
- ^ a b Jackson, D. Michael (2013). The Crown and Canadian Federalism. Dundurn. ISBN 978-1-4597-0990-4.
[s]ome people think the NDP may want to get rid of the monarchy but I can assure you that's absolutely not the case. My Dad was a big time monarchist and so am I.
- ^ Clarkson, Michael (2010). The Secret Life of Glenn Gould: A Genius in Love. ECW Press. ISBN 978-1-5549-0681-9.
Glenn was a right winger and a monarchist, said pianist Anton Kuerti, who was friends with Gould and taught Gaylord.
- ^ Chrétien, Jean (2018). My Stories, My Times. Random House of Canada. ISBN 978-0-7352-7735-9.
Seeing me, she exclaimed, "You again!" I instantly replied, "I am the monarchist from Quebec."
- ^ O'Connor, Joe (2 March 2012). "Don Cherry happy Canada finally coming around to his way of thinking". National Post. Postmedia Network Inc. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ^ Atwood, Margaret [@MargaretAtwood] (20 May 2013). "Actually I'm a monarchist. Read again. Nobody's suggesting Queen Vic must go. But nice if (real) Canada honoured its treaties" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Wise, Leonard (2017). Charles Pachter: Canada's Artist. Dundurn. ISBN 978-1-4597-3876-8.
Paradox defines him... He's a monarchist who loves royalty, yet he delights in satirizing them.
- ^ a b Johnson, David (2018). Battle Royal: Monarchists vs. Republicans and the Crown of Canada. Dundurn. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-4597-4014-3.
- ^ Shore, Cris; Williams, David V. (2019). The Shapeshifting Crown: Locating the State in Postcolonial New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the UK. Cambridge University Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-1084-9646-9.
- ^ "Meet Ray Novak, the PM's new chief of staff". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 May 2013.
- ^ a b c Sáenz Carbonell, Jorge Francisco (1996). Don Joaquín de Oreamuno y Muñoz de la Trinidad. Vida de un monárquico costarricense. Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia. ISBN 9789977647845.
- ^ de Laubier, Charles (29 July 2017). "Quand de Gaulle faisait discrètement allégeance à la noblesse français". L'Express (in French). Groupe L'Express. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ "Charles Maurras on the French Revolution · Liberty, Equality, Fraternity". Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media. Archived from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
- ^ "ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ – ellhnes.net: "Ισχύς μας η αγάπη του Λαού" – άρθρο του Ηλία Κασιδιάρη (16 July 2020)". Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ^ Nagy, Zsuzsa L. (1983). The liberal opposition in Hungary, 1919–1945. Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 51. ISBN 9-6305-2998-X.
- ^ Balogh, Margit (2013). "Two Visits — Two Eras: The Canadian Tours of Cardinal Joseph Mindszenty, 1947 and 1973". Hungarian Studies Review. 40 (2): 125.
- ^ Bauer, Yehuda (1989). Remembering for the Future: Jews and Christians during and after the Holocaust. Vol. 1. Pergamon Press. p. 207. ISBN 0-0803-6754-2.
- ^ Clurman, Harold (1998). "The Life and Death of Yukio Mishima". The New York Times.
- ^ Kapur, Nick (2018). Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 254. ISBN 9780674988484.
- ^ Nakata, Hiroko (8 May 2007). "Sakurai weighs in on patriotism". The Japan Times. News2u Holdings, Inc. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
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