List of didelphimorphs

Didelphimorphia is an order of marsupial mammals. Members of this order are called didelphimorphs, or opossums. They are primarily found in South America, though some are found in Central America and Mexico and one, the Virginia opossum, ranges into the United States and Canada. They have a variety of sizes, shapes, and fur patterns, and range in size from the 6 cm (2 in) (plus 9 cm (4 in) tail) Kalinowski's mouse opossum to the 55 cm (22 in) (plus 54 cm (21 in) tail) Virginia opossum. Didelphimorphs are primarily found in forests, as well as savannas, shrublands, and grasslands. Almost no population estimates have been made for didelphimorph species, though the one-striped opossum is classified as Critically Endangered with a population of less than ten, Handley's slender opossum is also critically endangered, and the red-bellied gracile opossum is extinct, having last been seen in 1962.

Gray opossum with white face
Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

The 93 extant species of Didelphimorphia are grouped into a single family, Didelphidae, which is divided into four subfamilies: Caluromyinae, containing four species in two genera; Glironiinae, containing a single species; Hyladelphinae, also with a single species; and Didelphinae, containing 87 species split between 14 genera. Over one hundred extinct Didelphimorph species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]

Conventions

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IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (1 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (2 species)
 EN Endangered (0 species)
 VU Vulnerable (6 species)
 NT Near threatened (3 species)
 LC Least concern (67 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (14 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the didelphimorph's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

Classification

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The order Didelphimorphia consists of one family, Didelphidae, which is divided into the subfamilies Caluromyinae, Glironiinae, Hyladelphinae, and Didelphinae. Caluromyinae contains 4 species in 2 genera, Glironiinae and Hyladelphinae each contain a single species, and Didelphinae contains 87 species in 14 genera, as well as the extinct red-bellied gracile opossum, which was last seen in 1962. Many of these species are further subdivided into subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.[2][3]

Family Didelphidae

Didelphidae  

Didelphimorphs

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The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[4][5]

Subfamily Caluromyinae

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Genus Caluromys Allen, 1900 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bare-tailed woolly opossum

 

C. philander
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Four subspecies
  • C. p. affinis
  • C. p. dichurus
  • C. p. philander
  • C. p. trinitatis
Eastern and northeastern South America
 
Size: 16–28 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 25–41 cm (10–16 in) tail[6]

Habitat: Forest[7]

Diet: Fruit, as well as gum, nectar, small vertebrates, and invertebrates[7]
 LC 


Unknown  [7]

Brown-eared woolly opossum

 

C. lanatus
(Olfers, 1818)

Four subspecies
  • C. l. cicur
  • C. l. lanatus
  • C. l. ochropus
  • C. l. ornatus
Central and northwestern South America
 
Size: 20–32 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 33–44 cm (13–17 in) tail[8]

Habitat: Forest[9]

Diet: Fruit, invertebrates, and some small vertebrates, as well as nectar and flowers[9]
 LC 


Unknown  [9]

Derby's woolly opossum

 

C. derbianus
(Waterhouse, 1841)

Six subspecies
  • C. d. aztecus
  • C. d. centralis
  • C. d. derbianus
  • C. d. fervidus
  • C. d. nauticus
  • C. d. pallidus
Central American and northwestern South America
 
Size: 22–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 38–45 cm (15–18 in) tail[10]

Habitat: Forest[11]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, soft vegetables, insects, and other small invertebrates[11]
 LC 


Unknown  [11]

Genus Caluromysiops Sanborn, 1951 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-shouldered opossum


C. irrupta
Sanborn, 1951
West-central South America
 
Size: 25–33 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 31–34 cm (12–13 in) tail[12]

Habitat: Forest[13]

Diet: Flowers and fruit, as well as small rodents[13]
 LC 


Unknown  [13]

Subfamily Didelphinae

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Genus Chacodelphys Voss et al., 2004 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Chacoan pygmy opossum


C. formosa
(Shamel, 1930)
Northeastern Argentina
 
Size: About 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail[14]

Habitat: Shrubland[15]

Diet: Unknown[14]
 NT 


Unknown  [15]

Genus Chironectes Illiger, 1811 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Water opossum

 

C. minimus
(Zimmermann, 1780)

Four subspecies
  • C. m. argyrodytes
  • C. m. langsdorffi
  • C. m. minimus
  • C. m. panamensis
Central America, northern South America, southeastern South America
 
Size: 27–40 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 30–43 cm (12–17 in) tail[16]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[17]

Diet: Fish, crabs, other crustaceans, and insects, as well as frogs[17]
 LC 


Unknown  [17]

Genus Cryptonanus Voss et al., 2005 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Agricola's gracile opossum

 

C. agricolai
(Moojen, 1943)
Eastern Brazil
 
Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail[18]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[19]

Diet: Unknown
 DD 


Unknown  [19]

Chacoan gracile opossum


C. chacoensis
(Tate, 1931)
Southern South America
 
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail[18]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[20]

Diet: Unknown fruit and insects[21]
 LC 


Unknown  [20]

Guahiba gracile opossum


C. guahybae
(Tate, 1931)
Southern Brazil
 
Size: About 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 11 cm (4 in) tail[18]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[22]

Diet: Unknown
 DD 


Unknown  [22]

Red-bellied gracile opossum


C. ignitus
Díaz, Flores, Barquez, 2002
Northwestern Argentina Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12 cm (5 in) tail[18]

Habitat: Forest[23]

Diet: Unknown
 EX 


Unknown  [23]

Unduavi gracile opossum


C. unduaviensis
(Shamel, 1930)
Northern Bolivia
 
Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[18]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands[24]

Diet: Unknown
 DD 


Unknown  [24]

Genus Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 – six species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Andean white-eared opossum

 

D. pernigra
J. A. Allen, 1900
Northwestern South America
 
Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[25]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[26]

Diet: Small vertebrates, carrion, invertebrates, and plants[25]
 LC 


Unknown  [26]

Big-eared opossum

 

D. aurita
(Wied-Neuwied, 1826)
Eastern South America
 
Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[25]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[27]

Diet: Arthropods and fruit, as well as other invertebrates and small vertebrates[28]
 LC 


Unknown  [27]

Common opossum

 

D. marsupialis
Linnaeus, 1758

Two subspecies
  • D. m. caucae
  • D. m. marsupialis
Central American and northern South America
 
Size: 26–43 cm (10–17 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail[29]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[30]

Diet: Omnivorous; eats invertebrates, vertebrates, leaves, fruit, nectar, and carrion[29]
 LC 


Unknown  [30]

Guianan white-eared opossum


D. imperfecta
Mondolfi, Hernández, 1984
Northern South America
 
Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[25]

Habitat: Forest[31]

Diet: Omnivorous; primarily fruit and insects[31]
 LC 


Unknown  [31]

Virginia opossum

 

D. virginiana
Kerr, 1792

Four subspecies
  • D. v. californica
  • D. v. pigra
  • D. v. virginiana
  • D. v. yucatanensis
North America and Central America
 
Size: 33–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[32]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[33]

Diet: Omnivorous, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plant material, fruits, grains and carrion[32]
 LC 


Unknown  [33]

White-eared opossum

 

D. albiventris
Lund, 1840
Eastern and southern South America
 
Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail[25]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[34]

Diet: Small vertebrates, carrion, invertebrates, and plants[25]
 LC 


Unknown  [34]

Genus Gracilinanus Gardner, Creighton, 1989 – six species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Aceramarca gracile opossum


G. aceramarcae
(Tate, 1931)
Western Aouth America
 
Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail[35]

Habitat: Forest[36]

Diet: Fruit, insects and other small invertebrates[36]
 LC 


Unknown  [36]

Agile gracile opossum

 

G. agilis
(Burmeister, 1854)
Central South America
 
Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[37]

Habitat: Forest[38]

Diet: Insects and fruit[39]
 LC 


Unknown  [38]

Brazilian gracile opossum

 

G. microtarsus
(Wagner, 1842)

Two subspecies
  • G. m. guahybae
  • G. m. microtarsus
Southeastern South America
 
Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail[40]

Habitat: Forest[41]

Diet: Insects, other invertebrates, and fruit[40]
 LC 


Unknown  [41]

Emilia's gracile opossum


G. emiliae
(Thomas, 1909)
Scattered northern South America
 
Size: About 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail[42]

Habitat: Forest[43]

Diet: Believed to be insects and fruit[42]
 DD 


Unknown  [43]

Northern gracile opossum


G. marica
(Thomas, 1898)
Northern South America
 
Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail[44]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[45]

Diet: Believed to be insects and fruit[44]
 LC 


Unknown  [45]

Wood sprite gracile opossum


G. dryas
(Thomas, 1898)
Northern South America
 
Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail[46]

Habitat: Forest[47]

Diet: Believed to be insects and fruit[46]
 LC 


Unknown  [47]

Genus Lestodelphys Tate, 1934 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Patagonian opossum


L. halli
(Thomas, 1921)
Southern South America
 
Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail[48]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert[49]

Diet: Invertebrates, as well as birds, reptiles, and fruit[48]
 LC 


Unknown  [49]

Genus Lutreolina Thomas, 1910 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Big lutrine opossum

 

L. crassicaudata
(Desmarest, 1804)

Two subspecies
  • L. c. crassicaudata
  • L. c. turneri
Scattered South America (Massoia's lutrine opossum in red)
 
Size: 26–35 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 24–30 cm (9–12 in) tail[50]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands[51]

Diet: Omnivorous; crabs, beetles, amphibians, birds, seeds, and vegetation, as well as other invertebrates, fish, and small mammals[50]
 LC 


Unknown  [51]

Massoia's lutrine opossum


L. massoia
Martínez-Lanfranco, Flores, Jayat, D'Elía, 2014
South-central South America (big lutrine opossum in green)
 
Size: 18–24 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 20–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[52]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[53]

Diet: Small mammals, fish, and invertebrates, as well as bird eggs and fruit[52]
 LC 


Unknown  [53]

Genus Marmosa Gray, 1821 – seventeen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Alston's mouse opossum

 

M. alstoni
(Allen, 1900)
Central America, northwestern tip of South America
 
Size: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 24–28 cm (9–11 in) tail[54]

Habitat: Forest[55]

Diet: Insects, small vertebrates, and fruit[55]
 LC 


Unknown  [55]

Bare-tailed woolly mouse opossum


M. regina
Thomas, 1924
Western South America Size: 15–21 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 21–30 cm (8–12 in) tail[56]

Habitat: Forest[56]

Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs[57]
 NE 


Unknown  

Guajira mouse opossum


M. xerophila
Handley, Gordon, 1979
Northern South America
 
Size: 8–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 10–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[58]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[59]

Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as lizards, bird eggs, and small rodents[59]
 VU 


Unknown  [59]

Heavy-browed mouse opossum


M. andersoni
Pine, 1972
Peru
 
Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Forest[60]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit[61]
 DD 


Unknown  [60]

Linnaeus's mouse opossum

 

M. murina
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Northern and eastern South America
 
Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[62]

Habitat: Forest[63]

Diet: Insects, small animals, and fruit[63]
 LC 


Unknown  [63]

Little woolly mouse opossum


M. phaea
Thomas, 1899
Northwestern South America
 
Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Forest[64]

Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs[57]
 VU 


Unknown  [64]

Mexican mouse opossum

 

M. mexicana
Merriam, 1897

Three subspecies
  • M. m. mayensis
  • M. m. mexicana
  • M. m. savannarum
Mexico and Central America
 
Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail[58]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[65]

Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as small rodents, lizards, birds, and eggs[65]
 LC 


Unknown  [65]

Quechuan mouse opossum


M. quichua
Wagner, 1842
Western South America
 
Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Forest[66]

Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs[57]
 LC 


Unknown  [66]

Red mouse opossum


M. rubra
Tate, 1931
Western South America
 
Size: 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 18–22 cm (7–9 in) tail[58]

Habitat: Forest[67]

Diet: Insects and fruit[68]
 DD 


Unknown  [67]

Robinson's mouse opossum

 

M. robinsoni
Bangs, 1898

Six subspecies
  • M. r. chapmani
  • M. r. fulviventer
  • M. r. grenadae
  • M. r. luridavolta
  • M. r. robinsoni
  • M. r. ruatanica
Northern South America and Central America
 
Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[58]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[69]

Diet: Fruit and insects[69]
 LC 


Unknown  [69]

Rufous mouse opossum

 

M. lepida
(Thomas, 1888)
Northwestern South America
 
Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Forest[70]

Diet: Insects and fruit[70]
 LC 


Unknown  [70]

Tate's woolly mouse opossum

 

M. paraguayana
Tate, 1931

Two subspecies
  • M. p. paraguayana
  • M. p. travassosi
Southeastern South America Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Forest[71]

Diet: Omnivorous and insectivorous[71]
 LC 


Unknown  [71]

Tyler's mouse opossum


M. tyleriana
Tate, 1931
Northern South America
 
Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Forest[72]

Diet: Insects as well as fruit[73]
 DD 


Unknown  [72]

White-bellied woolly mouse opossum


M. constantiae
Thomas, 1904
Central South America
 
Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Forest[74]

Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs[57]
 LC 


Unknown  [74]

Woolly mouse opossum


M. demerarae
Thomas, 1905

Four subspecies
  • M. d. areniticola
  • M. d. demerarae
  • M. d. dominus
  • M. d. esmeraldae
Northeastern South America
 
Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Forest[75]

Diet: Insects, small animals, fruit, and nectar[75]
 LC 


Unknown  [75]

Genus Marmosops Matschie, 1916 – seventeen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Andean Slender Mouse Opossum


M. caucae
(Thomas, 1900)
Northwestern South America Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[77]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [77]

Bishop's slender opossum


M. bishopi
(Pine, 1981)
Central South America
 
Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[79]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [79]

Brazilian slender opossum


M. paulensis
(Tate, 1931)
Southeastern Brazil
 
Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[80]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [80]

Creighton's slender opossum


M. creightoni
Voss, Tarifa, Yensen, 2004
Zongo River valley in Bolivia
 
Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[81]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 DD 


Unknown  [81]

Delicate slender opossum


M. parvidens
(Tate, 1931)
Northern South America
 
Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6–6 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[82]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [82]

Dusky slender opossum


M. fuscatus
(Thomas, 1896)

Two subspecies
  • M. f. fuscatus
  • M. f. perfuscus
Northern South America
 
Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–15 cm (6–6 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[83]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 DD 


Unknown  [83]

Gray slender opossum

 

M. incanus
(Lund, 1841)
Eastern South America
 
Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[84]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [84]

Handley's slender opossum


M. handleyi
(Pine, 1981)
Central Columbia
 
Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[85]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 CR 


Unknown  [85]

Junin slender opossum


M. juninensis
(Tate, 1931)
Central Peru
 
Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[86]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 VU 


Unknown  [86]

Narrow-headed slender opossum


M. cracens
Handley, Gordon, 1979
Northern South America
 
Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[87]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 DD 


Unknown  [87]

Neblina slender opossum


M. neblina
Gardner, 1990
Northwestern South America
 
Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[88]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [88]

Panama slender opossum


M. invictus
(Goldman, 1921)
Panama
 
Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[89]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [89]

Pantepui slender opossum


M. pakaraimae
Voss, Lim, Díaz-Nieto, Jansa, 2013
Northern South America Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[90]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 VU 


Unknown  

Pinheiro's slender opossum


M. pinheiroi
(Pine, 1981)
Northern South America
 
Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[91]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [91]

Spectacled slender opossum


M. ocellatus
(Tate, 1931)
Bolivia Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[92]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [92]

Tschudi's slender opossum


M. impavidus
Tschudi, 1844
Northwestern South America
 
Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[93]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [93]

White-bellied slender opossum

 

M. noctivagus
(Tschudi, 1844)
Western South America
 
Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[94]

Diet: Insects and fruit[76]
 LC 


Unknown  [94]

Genus Metachirus Burmeister, 1854 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Brown four-eyed opossum

 

M. nudicaudatus
(Geoffroy, 1803)

Four subspecies
  • M. n. colombianus
  • M. n. modestus
  • M. n. nudicaudatus
  • M. n. tschudii
South America and Central America
 
Size: 19–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 19–39 cm (7–15 in) tail[95]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[96]

Diet: Insects and other invertebrates, as well as fruit, seeds, and small mammals[95]
 LC 


Unknown  [96]

Genus Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 – seventeen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amazonian red-sided opossum


M. glirina
(Wagner, 1842)
Central South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[98]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [98]

Emilia's short-tailed opossum


M. emiliae
(Thomas, 1912)
Central South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[99]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [99]

Gray short-tailed opossum

 

M. domestica
(Wagner, 1842)
Central and eastern South America
 
Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus tail[100]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[101]

Diet: Insects, fruits, and small animals[100]
 LC 


Unknown  [101]

Handley's short-tailed opossum


M. handleyi
Solari, 2007
Central South America Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[102]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 DD 


Unknown  [102]

Hooded red-sided opossum


M. palliolata
(Osgood, 1914)
Northern South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[103]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [103]

Ihering's three-striped opossum


M. iheringi
(Thomas, 1888)
Eastern South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest and unknown[104]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 DD 


Unknown  [104]

Long-nosed short-tailed opossum

 

M. scalops
(Thomas, 1888)
Eastern South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[105]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [105]

Northern red-sided opossum

 

M. brevicaudata
(Erxleben, 1777)
Northern South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[106]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [106]

Northern three-striped opossum

 

M. americana
(Müller, 1776)
Eastern South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[107]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [107]

One-striped opossum


M. unistriata
(Wagner, 1842)
Southeastern South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[108]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 CR 


2–10  [108]

Osgood's short-tailed opossum


M. osgoodi
Doutt, 1938
Western South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[109]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [109]

Peruvian short-tailed opossum


M. peruviana
(Osgood, 1913)
Peru Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[110]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [110]

Pygmy short-tailed opossum


M. kunsi
Pine, 1975
Central South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[111]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [111]

Reig's opossum


M. reigi
Lew, Pérez-Hernández, 2004
Northern South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[112]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 VU 


Unknown  [112]

Ronald's opossum


M. ronaldi
Solari, 2004
Western South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[113]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [113]

Sepia short-tailed opossum


M. adusta
(Thomas, 1897)
Northwestern South America
 
Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail[114]

Habitat: Forest[115]

Diet: Invertebrates, fruits and small vertebrates[114]
 LC 


Unknown  [115]

Yellow-sided opossum

 

M. dimidiata
(Wagner, 1847)
Southern South America
 
Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands[116]

Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit[97]
 LC 


Unknown  [116]

Genus Philander Brisson, 1762 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Anderson's four-eyed opossum

 

P. andersoni
(Osgood, 1913)
Northwestern South America
 
Size: 25–35 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 25–35 cm (10–14 in) tail[117]

Habitat: Forest[118]

Diet: Insects, other small invertebrates, eggs, and fruit[117]
 LC 


Unknown  [118]

Deltaic four-eyed opossum


P. deltae
Lew, Pérez-Hernández, Ventura, 2006
Northern South America
 
Size: 20–38 cm (8–15 in) long, plus 19–36 cm (7–14 in) tail[119]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[120]

Diet: Small mammals, other small vertebrates, eggs, insects, other invertebrates, fruit, and carrion[119]
 LC 


Unknown  [120]

Gray four-eyed opossum

 

P. opossum
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies
  • P. o. fuscogriseus
  • P. o. opossum
Northern and central South America and Central America
 
Size: 20–34 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 19–36 cm (7–14 in) tail[121]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[122]

Diet: Omnivorous, including invertebrates, small animals, leaves, bark, seeds, nuts, nectar, and fruit[121]
 LC 


Unknown  [122]

McIlhenny's four-eyed opossum


P. mcilhennyi
Gardner, Patton, 1972
Central South America
 
Size: 28–31 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 26–38 cm (10–15 in) tail[123]

Habitat: Forest[124]

Diet: Believed to be omnivorous[123]
 LC 


Unknown  [124]

Southeastern four-eyed opossum


P. frenatus
Olfers, 1818

 
Size: 21–29 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 17–32 cm (7–13 in) tail[125]

Habitat: Forest[126]

Diet: Omnivorous, including flowers, fruit, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[126]
 LC 


Unknown  [126]

Genus Thylamys Gray, 1843 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Argentine fat-tailed mouse opossum


T. sponsorius
(Thomas, 1921)
Central South America
 
Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127]

Habitat: Shrubland[128]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127]
 LC 


Unknown  [128]

Buff-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum


T. venustus
(Thomas, 1902)
Central South America
 
Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[129]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127]
 DD 


Unknown  [129]

Common fat-tailed mouse opossum


T. pusillus
(Desmarest, 1804)
Central South America
 
Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–14 cm (3–6 in) tail[130]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[131]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127]
 LC 


Unknown  [131]

Dwarf fat-tailed mouse opossum


T. velutinus
(Wagner, 1842)
Eastern South America
 
Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[132]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127]
 NT 


Unknown  [132]

Elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum

 

T. elegans
(Waterhouse, 1839)
Southwestern South America
 
Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[133]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127]
 LC 


Unknown  [133]

Karimi's fat-tailed mouse opossum


T. karimii
(Petter, 1968)
Central South America
 
Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[134]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127]
 VU 


Unknown  [134]

Paraguayan fat-tailed mouse opossum


T. macrurus
(Olfers, 1818)
Central South America
 
Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[135]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127]
 NT 


Unknown  [135]

Tate's fat-tailed mouse opossum


T. tatei
(Handley, 1957)
Western South America
 
Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail[127]

Habitat: Shrubland and desert[136]

Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates[127]
 DD 


Unknown  [136]

White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum


T. pallidior
(Thomas, 1902)
Southwestern South America
 
Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[137]

Habitat: Shrubland and desert[138]

Diet: Arthropods, as well as leaves, fruit, and seeds[137]
 LC 


Unknown  [138]

Genus Tlacuatzin Voss, Jansa, 2003 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Grayish mouse opossum

 

T. canescens
(Allen, 1893)
Southern Mexico Size: 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 9–17 cm (4–7 in) tail[139]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[140]

Diet: Insects and fruit[139]
 LC 


Unknown  [140]

Subfamily Glironiinae

edit
Genus Glironia Thomas, 1912 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bushy-tailed opossum


G. venusta
Thomas, 1912
West-central South America
 
Size: 13–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 19–23 cm (7–9 in) tail[141]

Habitat: Forest[142]

Diet: Insects, seeds, fruit, and eggs[142]
 LC 


Unknown  [142]

Subfamily Hyladelphinae

edit
Genus Hyladelphys Voss, Lunde, Simmons, 2001 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Kalinowski's mouse opossum


H. kalinowskii
(Hershkovitz, 1992)
North-central South America
 
Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[143]

Habitat: Forest[144]

Diet: Unknown
 LC 


Unknown  [144]

References

edit
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