Wikipedia

List of countries by income inequality

This is a list of countries and territories by income inequality metrics, as calculated by the World Bank, UNU-WIDER, OCDE, and World Inequality Database, based on different indicators, like Gini coefficient and specific income ratios. Income from black market economic activity is not included.

Global map of countries by high inequality (based on Gini index), 2022, according to Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)[1]
  •   <30
  •   30-35
  •   35-40
  •   40-45
  •   45-50
  •   50+

The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1 or 100, where 0 represents perfect equality (everyone has the same income), while an index of 1 or 100 implies perfect inequality (one person has all the income and everyone else has no income).

Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e. the 10% of people with highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country.

List of countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

edit
Country/Territory UN Region World Bank Income group
(2024)		 Gini coefficient[a]
  WB  [2] Year UNU-
WIDER[3]		 Year OECD[4][5][6] Year
  Afghanistan Southern Asia Low income  31.00  2017 
  Angola Middle Africa Lower middle income  51.3  2018  51.27  2019 
  Albania Southern Europe Upper middle income  29.4  2020  29.42  2020 
  Andorra Southern Europe High income  27.96  2016 
  United Arab Emirates Western Asia High income  26.4  2018  25.97  2019 
  Argentina South America Upper middle income  40.7  2022  37.80  2022 
  Armenia Western Asia Upper middle income  27.9  2022  27.94  2021 
  Australia Australia and New Zealand High income  34.3  2018  34.33  2018 
  Austria Western Europe High income  30.7  2021  30.70  2022  28.1  2021
  Azerbaijan Western Asia Upper middle income  26.6  2005  26.55  2005 
  Burundi Eastern Africa Low income  37.5  2020  38.62  2014 
  Belgium Western Europe High income  26.6  2021  26.70  2022  25.6  2021
  Benin Western Africa Lower middle income  34.4  2021  37.95  2019 
  Burkina Faso Western Africa Low income  37.4  2021  43.02  2019 
  Bangladesh Southern Asia Lower middle income  33.4  2022  32.39  2016 
  Bulgaria Eastern Europe High income  39.0  2021  39.01  2022 
  Bahrain Western Asia High income  59.60  2015 
  Bahamas Caribbean High income  41.40  2013 
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Southern Europe Upper middle income  33.0  2011  33.03  2011 
  Belarus Eastern Europe Upper middle income  24.4  2020  24.38  2020 
  Belize Central America Upper middle income  53.2  1999  53.26  1999 
  Bolivia South America Lower middle income  40.9  2021  40.91  2021 
  Brazil South America Upper middle income  52.0  2022  51.40  2022 
  Barbados Caribbean High income  32.00  2017 
  Brunei South-eastern Asia High income  56.40  1981 
  Bhutan Southern Asia Lower middle income  28.5  2022  28.46  2022 
  Botswana Southern Africa Upper middle income  53.3  2015  53.33  2016 
  Central African Republic Middle Africa Low income  43.0  2021  43.05  2021 
  Canada Northern America High income  31.7  2019  28.80  2021  29.2  2021
  Switzerland Western Europe High income  33.7  2020  33.82  2021 
  Chile South America High income  43.0  2022  44.50  2022  44.8  2022
  China Eastern Asia Upper middle income  35.7  2021  36.67  2020 
  Ivory Coast Western Africa Lower middle income  35.3  2021  37.17  2019 
  Cameroon Middle Africa Lower middle income  42.2  2021  46.64  2014 
  Democratic Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Low income  44.7  2020 
  Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Lower middle income  48.9  2011  48.94  2012 
  Colombia South America Upper middle income  54.8  2022  52.90  2021 
  Comoros Eastern Africa Lower middle income  45.3  2014  45.33  2014 
  Cape Verde Western Africa Lower middle income  42.4  2015  42.38  2015 
  Costa Rica Central America Upper middle income  46.7  2023  47.15  2022  47.2  2022
  Cuba Caribbean Upper middle income  38.00  2000 
  Cyprus Western Asia High income  31.3  2021  31.25  2022 
  Czech Republic Eastern Europe High income  26.2  2021  26.24  2022  25.5  2021
  Germany Western Europe High income  32.4  2020  30.64  2022 
  Djibouti Eastern Africa Lower middle income  41.6  2017  41.59  2017 
  Denmark Northern Europe High income  28.3  2021  28.47  2022 
  Dominican Republic Caribbean Upper middle income  37.0  2022  38.10  2022 
  Algeria Northern Africa Upper middle income  27.6  2011  27.62  2012 
  Ecuador South America Upper middle income  44.6  2023  45.47  2022 
  Egypt Northern Africa Lower middle income  31.9  2019  31.89  2020 
  Spain Southern Europe High income  33.9  2021  33.99  2022  32.0  2021
  Estonia Northern Europe High income  31.8  2021  31.95  2022  32.1  2021
  Ethiopia Eastern Africa Low income  35.0  2015  34.99  2016 
  Finland Northern Europe High income  27.7  2021  28.71  2022  27.4  2022
  Fiji Melanesia Upper middle income  30.7  2019  30.71  2020 
  France Western Europe High income  31.5  2021  31.63  2022  29.8  2021
  Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Lower middle income  40.1  2013  40.06  2013 
  Gabon Middle Africa Upper middle income  38.0  2017  38.02  2017 
  United Kingdom Northern Europe High income  32.4  2021  34.24  2022  35.4  2021
  Georgia Western Asia Upper middle income  33.5  2022  36.93  2021 
  Ghana Western Africa Lower middle income  43.5  2016  43.52  2017 
  Guinea Western Africa Lower middle income  29.6  2018  29.59  2019 
  Gambia Western Africa Low income  38.8  2020  38.76  2021 
  Guinea-Bissau Western Africa Low income  33.4  2021  34.77  2019 
  Equatorial Guinea Middle Africa Upper middle income  50.20  2006 
  Greece Southern Europe High income  32.9  2021  33.25  2022  31.2  2021
  Grenada Caribbean Upper middle income  43.8  2018  36.60  2008 
  Greenland Northern America High income  35.40  2018 
  Guatemala Central America Upper middle income  48.3  2014  48.28  2014 
  Guyana South America High income  45.0  1998  35.00  2006 
  Hong Kong Eastern Asia High income  42.00  2016 
  Honduras Central America Lower middle income  48.2  2019  48.10  2021 
  Croatia Southern Europe High income  28.9  2021  28.92  2022 
  Haiti Caribbean Lower middle income  41.1  2012  41.10  2012 
  Hungary Eastern Europe High income  29.2  2021  29.32  2022  27.8  2021
  Indonesia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  36.1  2023  37.92  2022 
  India Southern Asia Lower middle income  32.8  2021  37.06  2022 
  Ireland Northern Europe High income  30.1  2021  30.29  2022  29.1  2021
  Iran Southern Asia Upper middle income  34.8  2022  40.94  2020 
  Iraq Western Asia Upper middle income  29.5  2012  47.20  2013 
  Iceland Northern Europe High income  26.1  2017  26.27  2018 
  Israel Western Asia High income  37.9  2021  34.00  2020  34.8  2021
  Italy Southern Europe High income  34.8  2021  34.92  2022  33.0  2021
  Jamaica Caribbean Upper middle income  40.2  2021  37.48  2017 
  Jordan Western Asia Lower middle income  33.7  2010  33.58  2014 
  Japan Eastern Asia High income  32.9  2013  33.40  2018  33.8  2021
  Kazakhstan Central Asia Upper middle income  29.2  2021  27.79  2018 
  Kenya Eastern Africa Lower middle income  38.7  2021  38.70  2021 
  Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Lower middle income  26.4  2022  28.99  2020 
  Cambodia South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  30.76  2012 
  Kiribati Micronesia Lower middle income  27.8  2019  27.83  2020 
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean High income  40.00  2009 
  South Korea Eastern Asia High income  32.9  2021  33.10  2020  32.4  2022
  Kuwait Western Asia High income  36.02  2000 
  Laos South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  38.8  2018  38.80  2019 
  Lebanon Western Asia Lower middle income  31.8  2011  31.83  2012 
  Liberia Western Africa Low income  35.3  2016  35.27  2016 
  Libya Northern Africa Upper middle income  30.20  2008 
  Saint Lucia Caribbean Upper middle income  43.7  2015  51.23  2016 
  Sri Lanka Southern Asia Lower middle income  37.7  2019  37.66  2019 
  Lesotho Southern Africa Lower middle income  44.9  2017  44.88  2018 
  Lithuania Northern Europe High income  36.7  2021  36.68  2022  36.6  2021
  Luxembourg Western Europe High income  32.7  2021  32.91  2022  28.4  2021
  Latvia Northern Europe High income  34.3  2021  34.56  2022  34.3  2022
  Morocco Northern Africa Lower middle income  39.5  2013  39.55  2014 
  Moldova Eastern Europe Upper middle income  25.7  2021  25.73  2021 
  Madagascar Eastern Africa Low income  42.6  2012  42.65  2013 
  Maldives Southern Asia Upper middle income  29.3  2019  29.29  2020 
  Mexico Central America Upper middle income  43.5  2022  44.01  2022  40.0  2022
  Marshall Islands Micronesia Upper middle income  35.5  2019  35.48  2020 
  North Macedonia Southern Europe Upper middle income  33.5  2019  33.51  2020 
  Mali Western Africa Low income  35.7  2021  35.28  2021 
  Malta Southern Europe High income  31.4  2020  31.64  2022 
  Myanmar South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  30.7  2017  30.70  2017 
  Montenegro Southern Europe Upper middle income  34.3  2021  32.90  2020 
  Mongolia Eastern Asia Upper middle income  31.4  2022  32.74  2018 
  Mozambique Eastern Africa Low income  50.3  2019  50.45  2020 
  Mauritania Western Africa Lower middle income  32.0  2019  32.62  2014 
  Mauritius Eastern Africa Upper middle income  36.8  2017  38.47  2012 
  Malawi Eastern Africa Low income  38.5  2019  38.54  2020 
  Malaysia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  40.7  2021 
  Namibia Southern Africa Upper middle income  59.1  2015  59.07  2016 
  Niger Western Africa Low income  32.9  2021  37.26  2019 
  Nigeria Western Africa Lower middle income  35.1  2018  35.13  2019 
  Nicaragua Central America Lower middle income  46.2  2014  46.16  2014 
  Netherlands Western Europe High income  25.7  2021  26.04  2022  28.8  2022
  Norway Northern Europe High income  27.7  2019  29.48  2021  26.2  2022
  Nepal Southern Asia Lower middle income  30.0  2022  32.84  2011 
  Nauru Micronesia High income  32.4  2012  32.36  2013 
  New Zealand Australia and New Zealand High income  32.00  2020 
  Oman Western Asia High income  30.09  2019 
  Pakistan Southern Asia Lower middle income  29.6  2018  29.59  2019 
  Panama Central America High income  48.9  2023  49.60  2022 
  Peru South America Upper middle income  40.3  2022  40.25  2021 
  Philippines South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  40.7  2021  40.68  2021 
  Palau Micronesia High income  43.00  2014 
  Papua New Guinea Melanesia Lower middle income  41.9  2009  41.85  2010 
  Poland Eastern Europe High income  28.5  2021  28.56  2022  26.1  2021
  Puerto Rico Caribbean High income  55.80  2003 
  Portugal Southern Europe High income  34.6  2021  34.59  2022  31.3  2021
  Paraguay South America Upper middle income  45.1  2022  45.11  2022 
  Palestine Western Asia Lower middle income  33.7  2016  33.69  2017 
  Qatar Western Asia High income  35.1  2017  24.60  2013 
  Réunion Eastern Africa —  51.00  1977 
  Romania Eastern Europe High income  33.9  2021  34.10  2022 
  Russia Eastern Europe High income  35.1  2021  36.03  2020 
  Rwanda Eastern Africa Low income  43.7  2016  43.71  2017 
  Saudi Arabia Western Asia High income  42.20  2018 
  Sudan Northern Africa Low income  34.2  2014  34.24  2014 
  Senegal Western Africa Lower middle income  36.2  2021  38.31  2019 
  Singapore South-eastern Asia High income  47.30  2011 
  Solomon Islands Melanesia Lower middle income  37.1  2012  37.05  2013 
  Sierra Leone Western Africa Low income  35.7  2018  35.69  2018 
  El Salvador Central America Upper middle income  38.8  2022  38.76  2022 
  San Marino Southern Europe High income  27.70  2017 
  Somalia Eastern Africa Low income  36.30  2016 
  Serbia Southern Europe Upper middle income  33.1  2021  34.98  2021 
  South Sudan Eastern Africa Low income  44.1  2016  44.14  2017 
  São Tomé and Príncipe Middle Africa Lower middle income  40.7  2017  40.75  2017 
  Suriname South America Upper middle income  39.2  2022  38.10  2017 
  Slovakia Eastern Europe High income  24.1  2021  24.12  2022  21.7  2021
  Slovenia Southern Europe High income  24.3  2021  24.28  2022  24.2  2021
  Sweden Northern Europe High income  29.8  2021  30.08  2022  29.0  2022
  Eswatini Southern Africa Lower middle income  54.6  2016  54.58  2017 
  Seychelles Eastern Africa High income  32.1  2018  32.13  2019 
  Syria Western Asia Low income  26.6  2022  34.20  2007 
  Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean High income  37.00  1999 
  Chad Middle Africa Low income  37.4  2022  37.50  2019 
  Togo Western Africa Low income  37.9  2021 
  Thailand South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  34.9  2021  35.12  2021 
  Tajikistan Central Asia Lower middle income  34.0  2015  34.00  2015 
  Turkmenistan Central Asia Upper middle income  40.8  1998  40.81  1998 
  Timor-Leste South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  28.7  2014  28.65  2014 
  Tonga Polynesia Upper middle income  27.1  2021  33.52  2015 
  Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean High income  40.2  1992  40.27  1992 
  Tunisia Northern Africa Lower middle income  33.7  2021  32.82  2016 
  Turkey — Upper middle income  44.4  2021  42.60  2021  43.3  2021
  Tuvalu Polynesia Upper middle income  39.1  2010  39.14  2010 
  Taiwan Eastern Asia High income  32.58  2021 
  Tanzania Eastern Africa Lower middle income  40.5  2018  40.49  2018 
  Uganda Eastern Africa Low income  42.7  2019  42.71  2020 
  Ukraine Eastern Europe Upper middle income  25.6  2020  25.63  2020 
  Uruguay South America High income  40.6  2022 
  United States Northern America High income  41.3  2022  39.79  2022  39.6  2022
  Uzbekistan Central Asia Lower middle income  31.2  2022  35.27  2003 
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean Upper middle income  40.00  2008 
  Venezuela South America —  44.7  2006  37.80  2014 
  Vietnam South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  36.1  2022  36.81  2020 
  Vanuatu Melanesia Lower middle income  32.3  2019  32.32  2020 
  Samoa Polynesia Lower middle income  38.7  2013  38.73  2014 
  Kosovo Southern Europe Upper middle income  29.0  2017  29.01  2017 
  Yemen Western Asia Low income  36.7  2014  36.71  2014 
  South Africa Southern Africa Upper middle income  63.0  2014  66.99  2017 
  Zambia Eastern Africa Lower middle income  51.5  2022  44.00  2022 
  Zimbabwe Eastern Africa Lower middle income  50.3  2019  50.26  2019 
  1. ^ Gini coefficient, or Gini index, measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.

List of EU countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

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Member state Gini coefficient[7]
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
  Austria 27.4 27.6 27.0 27.6 27.2 27.2 27.9 26.8 27.5 27.0 26.7 27.8 28.1
  Belgium 26.3 26.5 25.9 25.9 26.2 26.3 26.1 25.7 25.1 25.4 24.1 24.9 24.2
  Bulgaria 35.0 33.6 35.4 35.4 37.0 37.7 40.2 39.6 40.8 40.0 39.7 38.4 37.2
  Croatia 31.2 30.9 30.9 30.2 30.4 29.8 29.9 29.7 29.2 28.3 29.2 28.5 29.7
  Cyprus 29.2 31.0 32.4 34.8 33.6 32.1 30.8 29.1 31.1 29.3 29.4 29.4 29.6
  Czech Republic 25.2 24.9 24.6 25.1 25.0 25.1 24.5 24.0 24.0 24.2 24.9 24.8 24.4
  Denmark 26.6 26.5 26.8 27.7 27.4 27.7 27.6 27.8 27.5 27.3 27.0 27.7 28.2
  Estonia 31.9 32.5 32.9 35.6 34.8 32.7 31.6 30.6 30.5 30.5 30.6 31.9 31.8
  Finland 25.8 25.9 25.4 25.6 25.2 25.4 25.3 25.9 26.2 26.5 25.7 26.6 26.6
  France 30.8 30.5 30.1 29.2 29.2 29.3 28.8 28.5 29.2 29.2 29.3 29.8 29.7
  Germany 29.0 28.3 29.7 30.7 30.1 29.5 29.1 31.1 29.7 30.5 31.2 29.0 29.4
  Greece 33.5 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.2 34.3 33.4 32.3 31.0 31.4 32.4 31.4 31.8
  Hungary 26.9 27.2 28.3 28.6 28.2 28.2 28.1 28.7 28.0 28.0 27.6 27.4 29.0
  Ireland 29.8 30.4 30.7 31.1 29.7 29.6 30.6 28.9 28.3 28.3 26.6 26.9 27.4
  Italy 32.5 32.4 32.8 32.4 32.4 33.1 32.7 33.4 32.8 32.5 32.9 32.7 31.5
  Latvia 35.1 35.7 35.2 35.5 35.4 34.5 34.5 35.6 35.2 34.5 35.7 34.3 34.0
  Lithuania 33.0 32.0 34.6 35.0 37.9 37.0 37.6 36.9 35.4 35.1 35.4 36.2 35.7
  Luxembourg 27.2 28.0 30.4 28.7 28.5 29.6 29.2 31.3 32.3 31.2 29.6 29.1 30.6
  Malta 27.2 27.1 28.0 27.7 28.1 28.6 28.2 28.7 28.0 30.3 31.2 31.1 33.0
  Netherlands 25.8 25.4 25.1 26.2 26.7 26.9 27.1 27.4 26.8 28.2 26.4 26.3 26.4
  Poland 31.1 30.9 30.7 30.8 30.6 29.8 29.2 27.8 28.5 27.2 26.8 26.3 27.0
  Portugal 34.2 34.5 34.2 34.5 34.0 33.9 33.5 32.1 31.9 31.2 33.0 32.0 33.7
  Romania 33.5 34.0 34.6 35.0 37.4 34.7 33.1 35.1 34.8 33.8 34.3 32.0 31.0
  Slovakia 25.7 25.3 24.2 26.1 23.7 24.3 23.2 20.9 22.8 20.9 21.8 21.2 21.6
  Slovenia 23.8 23.7 24.4 25.0 24.5 24.4 23.7 23.4 23.9 23.5 23.0 23.1 23.4
  Spain 34.0 34.2 33.7 34.7 34.6 34.5 34.1 33.2 33.0 32.1 33.0 32.0 31.5
  Sweden 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.9 26.7 27.6 28.0 27.0 27.6 26.9 26.8 27.6 29.5
  European Union 30.5 30.4 30.6 30.9 30.8 30.6 30.3 30.4 30.2 30.0 30.2 29.6 29.6
  Eurozone 30.6 30.5 30.7 31.0 30.7 30.7 30.4 30.6 30.2 30.3 30.5 — —
  Serbia[a] — — 38.0 38.3 40.0 39.8 37.8 35.6 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.2 —
  Montenegro[b] — — 38.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.7 34.7 34.1 32.9 32.5 31.5 —
Notes:
  Pink-coloured cells indicate a break in the time series.
  Green-coloured cells indicate estimated values.
  1. ^ Serbia is a negotiating candidate to the EU.
  2. ^ Montenegro is a negotiating candidate to the EU.

List of OECD countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

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Country Gini coefficient[8]
Before taxes
and transfers		 After taxes
and transfers		 Year
  Australia 0.441 0.318 2020
  Austria 0.486 0.274 2019
  Belgium 0.489 0.262 2019
  Canada 0.438 0.280 2020
  Chile 0.495 0.460 2017
  Costa Rica 0.551 0.487 2021
  Czech Republic 0.432 0.248 2019
  Denmark 0.445 0.268 2019
  Estonia 0.465 0.305 2019
  Finland 0.516 0.265 2020
  France 0.519 0.292 2019
  Germany 0.497 0.296 2019
  Greece 0.525 0.308 2019
  Hungary 0.463 0.286 2019
  Iceland 0.369 0.250 2017
  Ireland 0.520 0.292 2018
  Israel 0.449 0.342 2019
  Italy 0.511 0.330 2018
  Japan 0.570 0.381 2021
  Latvia 0.483 0.355 2020
  Lithuania 0.495 0.357 2019
  Luxembourg 0.490 0.305 2019
  Mexico 0.435 0.420 2020
  Netherlands 0.453 0.304 2020
  New Zealand 0.454 0.320 2020
  Norway 0.436 0.263 2020
  Poland 0.452 0.281 2018
  Portugal 0.511 0.310 2019
  Slovakia 0.383 0.222 2019
  Slovenia 0.444 0.246 2019
  South Korea 0.405 0.331 2020
  Spain 0.491 0.320 2019
  Sweden 0.433 0.276 2020
  Switzerland 0.402 0.316 2019
  Turkey 0.502 0.415 2019
  United Kingdom 0.507 0.355 2020
  United States 0.517 0.375 2021

List of countries by income inequality based on different income ratios

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List of countries by income inequality based on Pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population, Income Decile 1 and Interdecile P90/P10
Country/Territory UN Region World Bank Income group
(2024)		 Pre-tax national income
Top 10% share[a]		 Income Decile 1[b] Interdecile P90/P10[c]
World
Inequality
Database[9]		 Year UNU-
WIDER[3]		 Year Poverty
and
Inequality
Platform[10]		 Year OECD[11][12][13] Year
  Afghanistan Southern Asia Low income  41.94%  2022 
  Angola Middle Africa Lower middle income  58.01%  2022  1.33  2019  1.335  2018 
  Albania Southern Europe Upper middle income  32.14%  2022  3.41  2020  3.418  2020 
  Andorra Southern Europe High income  34.84%  2022  4.30  2016 
  United Arab Emirates Western Asia High income  47.78%  2022  3.98  2019  2.835  2018 
  Argentina South America Upper middle income  43.91%  2022  1.83  2021  2.008  2022 
  Armenia Western Asia Upper middle income  46.77%  2022  3.97  2021  3.904  2022 
  Australia Australia and New Zealand High income  32.91%  2022  2.68  2018  2.765  2018  4.3  2020
  Austria Western Europe High income  34.19%  2022  1.89  2022  2.765  2021  3.5  2021
  Azerbaijan Western Asia Upper middle income  42.87%  2022  6.14  2018  4.848  2005 
  Burundi Eastern Africa Low income  48.39%  2022  2.76  2014  2.876  2020 
  Belgium Western Europe High income  29.54%  2022  2.26  2022  3.645  2021  3.1  2021
  Benin Western Africa Lower middle income  46.94%  2022  2.88  2019  3.108  2021 
  Burkina Faso Western Africa Low income  54.84%  2022  2.62  2019  3.029  2021 
  Bangladesh Southern Asia Lower middle income  36.52%  2022  3.63  2022  3.467  2022 
  Bulgaria Eastern Europe High income  44.18%  2022  1.58  2022  2.007  2021  5.8  2021
  Bahrain Western Asia High income  55.72%  2022 
  Bahamas Caribbean High income  52.41%  2022  2.20  2013 
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Southern Europe Upper middle income  34.25%  2022  2.94  2011  2.936  2011 
  Belarus Eastern Europe Upper middle income  29.92%  2022  4.45  2020  4.454  2020 
  Belize Central America Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  0.93  1999  0.950  1999 
  Bolivia South America Lower middle income  52.41%  2022  1.77  2021  1.775  2021 
  Brazil South America Upper middle income  56.78%  2022  1.02  2021  1.196  2022  8.4  2022
  Barbados Caribbean High income  48.52%  2022  1.40  2010 
  Brunei South-eastern Asia High income  36.40%  2022  0.80  1981 
  Bhutan Southern Asia Lower middle income  49.19%  2022  3.63  2022  3.633  2022 
  Botswana Southern Africa Upper middle income  59.26%  2022  1.53  2016  1.532  2015 
  Central African Republic Middle Africa Low income  64.91%  2022  2.13  2021  2.143  2021 
  Canada Northern America High income  35.18%  2022  3.30  2020  2.973  2019  3.7  2021
  Switzerland Western Europe High income  31.64%  2022  2.50  2021  2.950  2020  3.8  2020
  Chile South America High income  58.95%  2022  2.06  2020  2.268  2022  7.3  2022
  China Eastern Asia Upper middle income  43.35%  2022  2.92  2020  3.039  2021  23.0  2011
  Ivory Coast Western Africa Lower middle income  54.66%  2022  2.90  2019  3.150  2021 
  Cameroon Middle Africa Lower middle income  52.05%  2022  1.72  2014  2.127  2021 
  Democratic Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Low income  48.84%  2022  2.09  2013  2.128  2020 
  Republic of the Congo Middle Africa Lower middle income  55.93%  2022  1.56  2012  1.562  2011 
  Colombia South America Upper middle income  60.62%  2022  1.17  2021  1.033  2022 
  Comoros Eastern Africa Lower middle income  50.26%  2022  1.61  2014  1.617  2014 
  Cape Verde Western Africa Lower middle income  49.08%  2022  2.22  2015  2.219  2015 
  Costa Rica Central America Upper middle income  57.50%  2022  1.66  2022  1.639  2023  9.7  2023
  Cuba Caribbean Upper middle income  45.29%  2022  3.40  1978 
  Cyprus Western Asia High income  33.45%  2022  2.46  2022  3.547  2021 
  Czech Republic Eastern Europe High income  29.66%  2022  2.58  2022  3.893  2021  3.1  2021
  Germany Western Europe High income  34.04%  2022  1.82  2022  2.940  2020  3.9  2020
  Djibouti Eastern Africa Lower middle income  49.55%  2022  1.94  2017  1.944  2017 
  Denmark Northern Europe High income  40.57%  2022  1.99  2022  3.695  2021  3.0  2019
  Dominican Republic Caribbean Upper middle income  47.77%  2022  2.56  2021  2.610  2022 
  Algeria Northern Africa Upper middle income  38.08%  2022  4.05  2012  4.046  2011 
  Ecuador South America Upper middle income  44.83%  2022  1.66  2022  1.640  2023 
  Egypt Northern Africa Lower middle income  47.60%  2022  3.84  2020  3.841  2019 
  Spain Southern Europe High income  33.13%  2022  1.73  2022  2.211  2021  4.6  2021
  Estonia Northern Europe High income  38.16%  2022  1.67  2022  3.093  2021  5.0  2021
  Ethiopia Eastern Africa Low income  45.47%  2022  2.89  2016  2.889  2015 
  Finland Northern Europe High income  31.64%  2022  2.18  2022  3.840  2021  3.2  2022
  Fiji Melanesia Upper middle income  48.59%  2022  3.47  2020  3.468  2019 
  France Western Europe High income  34.79%  2022  2.16  2022  2.933  2021  3.5  2021
  Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  1.87  2013  1.874  2013 
  Gabon Middle Africa Upper middle income  43.32%  2022  2.24  2017  2.241  2017 
  United Kingdom Northern Europe High income  33.70%  2022  2.27  2021  3.041  2021  4.3  2021
  Georgia Western Asia Upper middle income  45.03%  2022  2.65  2021  2.638  2022 
  Ghana Western Africa Lower middle income  48.91%  2022  1.61  2017  1.611  2016 
  Guinea Western Africa Lower middle income  37.89%  2022  3.48  2019  3.478  2018 
  Gambia Western Africa Low income  45.87%  2022  2.59  2021  2.594  2020 
  Guinea-Bissau Western Africa Low income  44.09%  2022  3.31  2019  3.393  2021 
  Equatorial Guinea Middle Africa Upper middle income  51.39%  2022 
  Greece Southern Europe High income  35.00%  2022  1.94  2022  2.610  2021  4.0  2021
  Grenada Caribbean Upper middle income  48.52%  2022  2.88  2008  2.128  2018 
  Greenland Northern America High income  48.59%  2022  2.10  2018 
  Guatemala Central America Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  1.67  2014  1.672  2014 
  Guyana South America High income  52.41%  2022  1.09  1998  1.158  1998 
  Hong Kong Eastern Asia High income  48.18%  2022  0.70  2016 
  Honduras Central America Lower middle income  52.41%  2022  1.24  2019  1.243  2019 
  Croatia Southern Europe High income  32.04%  2022  1.40  2022  3.110  2021  4.0  2021
  Haiti Caribbean Lower middle income  52.41%  2022  2.10  2012  0.765  2012 
  Hungary Eastern Europe High income  33.50%  2022  1.83  2022  3.518  2021  3.1  2021
  Indonesia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  41.24%  2022  2.80  2022  3.328  2023 
  India Southern Asia Lower middle income  57.13%  2022  2.90  2022  2.898  2021  9.4  2011
  Ireland Northern Europe High income  40.86%  2022  1.77  2022  3.633  2021  3.6  2021
  Iran Southern Asia Upper middle income  52.39%  2022  2.31  2020  2.831  2022 
  Iraq Western Asia Upper middle income  50.67%  2022  1.28  2013  3.680  2012 
  Iceland Northern Europe High income  29.51%  2022  4.03  2018  4.033  2017  2.8  2017
  Israel Western Asia High income  47.80%  2022  1.87  2018  2.000  2021  5.4  2021
  Italy Southern Europe High income  39.05%  2022  1.54  2022  2.303  2021  4.4  2021
  Jamaica Caribbean Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  2.61  2015  2.176  2021 
  Jordan Western Asia Lower middle income  48.36%  2022  3.16  2014  3.455  2010 
  Japan Eastern Asia High income  44.24%  2022  1.85  2014  2.993  2013  5.2  2021
  Kazakhstan Central Asia Upper middle income  35.29%  2022  4.28  2018  4.299  2021 
  Kenya Eastern Africa Lower middle income  48.72%  2022  2.91  2021  2.923  2021 
  Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Lower middle income  43.35%  2022  4.04  2020  4.375  2022 
  Cambodia South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  55.74%  2022  3.93  2012 
  Kiribati Micronesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  4.04  2020  4.038  2019 
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean High income  48.52%  2022 
  South Korea Eastern Asia High income  32.55%  2022  1.24  2016  2.946  2021  4.9  2022
  Kuwait Western Asia High income  52.90%  2022  2.80  1973 
  Laos South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  45.68%  2022  2.95  2019  2.955  2018 
  Lebanon Western Asia Lower middle income  54.17%  2022  3.09  2012  3.093  2011 
  Liberia Western Africa Low income  43.24%  2022  2.94  2016  2.941  2016 
  Libya Northern Africa Upper middle income  44.13%  2022 
  Saint Lucia Caribbean Upper middle income  48.52%  2022  0.90  2016  0.906  2015 
  Sri Lanka Southern Asia Lower middle income  42.23%  2022  3.11  2019  3.113  2019 
  Lesotho Southern Africa Lower middle income  49.51%  2022  1.72  2018  1.722  2017 
  Lithuania Northern Europe High income  41.84%  2022  1.29  2022  2.625  2021  5.1  2021
  Luxembourg Western Europe High income  31.48%  2022  2.19  2022  2.787  2021  3.6  2021
  Latvia Northern Europe High income  34.61%  2022  1.37  2022  2.607  2021  5.2  2022
  Morocco Northern Africa Lower middle income  49.43%  2022  2.70  2014  2.700  2013 
  Moldova Eastern Europe Upper middle income  33.29%  2022  4.34  2021  4.344  2021 
  Madagascar Eastern Africa Low income  50.76%  2022  2.16  2013  2.223  2012 
  Maldives Southern Asia Upper middle income  57.72%  2022  3.78  2020  3.776  2019 
  Mexico Central America Upper middle income  64.61%  2022  1.87  2022  2.124  2022  5.8  2022
  Marshall Islands Micronesia Upper middle income  48.59%  2022  2.84  2020  2.842  2019 
  North Macedonia Southern Europe Upper middle income  29.66%  2022  1.88  2020  1.878  2019 
  Mali Western Africa Low income  44.61%  2022  2.93  2021  3.230  2021 
  Malta Southern Europe High income  34.13%  2022  1.99  2022  3.095  2020 
  Myanmar South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  51.12%  2022  3.76  2017  3.764  2017 
  Montenegro Southern Europe Upper middle income  32.13%  2022  2.30  2021  2.141  2021 
  Mongolia Eastern Asia Upper middle income  42.51%  2022  3.27  2018  3.387  2022 
  Mozambique Eastern Africa Low income  64.63%  2022  1.59  2020  1.714  2019 
  Mauritania Western Africa Lower middle income  40.48%  2022  2.98  2014  3.133  2019 
  Mauritius Eastern Africa Upper middle income  47.40%  2022  2.91  2017  2.915  2017 
  Malawi Eastern Africa Low income  48.41%  2022  2.85  2020  2.851  2019 
  Malaysia South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  47.48%  2022  2.26  2019  2.346  2021 
  Namibia Southern Africa Upper middle income  64.20%  2022  0.96  2016  0.965  2015 
  Niger Western Africa Low income  49.19%  2022  3.20  2019  3.777  2021 
  Nigeria Western Africa Lower middle income  42.72%  2022  2.88  2019  2.885  2018 
  Nicaragua Central America Lower middle income  52.41%  2022  1.98  2014  1.977  2014 
  Netherlands Western Europe High income  33.14%  2022  1.92  2022  3.625  2021  3.2  2022
  Norway Northern Europe High income  25.17%  2022  1.94  2021  3.365  2019  3.1  2022
  Nepal Southern Asia Lower middle income  33.81%  2022  3.50  2011  3.672  2022 
  Nauru Micronesia High income  48.59%  2022  3.39  2013  3.403  2012 
  New Zealand Australia and New Zealand High income  34.63%  2022  2.90  2018  4.2  2020
  Oman Western Asia High income  54.88%  2022 
  Pakistan Southern Asia Lower middle income  43.94%  2022  4.22  2019  4.222  2018 
  Panama Central America High income  52.41%  2022  1.23  2021  1.234  2023 
  Peru South America Upper middle income  57.27%  2022  2.12  2021  2.112  2022 
  Philippines South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  49.42%  2022  2.91  2021  2.678  2021 
  Palau Micronesia High income  48.59%  2022  1.00  2014 
  Papua New Guinea Melanesia Lower middle income  50.25%  2022  1.87  2010  1.870  2009 
  Poland Eastern Europe High income  34.59%  2022  2.09  2022  3.354  2021  3.3  2021
  Puerto Rico Caribbean High income  48.52%  2022  2.10  1977 
  Portugal Southern Europe High income  35.60%  2022  1.85  2022  2.796  2021  4.0  2021
  Paraguay South America Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  1.83  2022  1.831  2022 
  Palestine Western Asia Lower middle income  50.06%  2022  2.90  2017  2.898  2016 
  Qatar Western Asia High income  53.78%  2022  2.556  2017 
  Romania Eastern Europe High income  35.77%  2022  1.17  2022  1.901  2021  5.0  2021
  Russia Eastern Europe High income  50.77%  2022  3.08  2020  2.686  2021  4.3  2017
  Rwanda Eastern Africa Low income  53.94%  2022  2.44  2017  2.437  2016 
  Saudi Arabia Western Asia High income  54.41%  2022 
  Sudan Northern Africa Low income  45.04%  2022  3.17  2014  3.175  2014 
  Senegal Western Africa Lower middle income  47.80%  2022  2.96  2019  3.021  2021 
  Singapore South-eastern Asia High income  32.89%  2022  1.59  2012 
  Solomon Islands Melanesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  2.76  2013  2.758  2012 
  Sierra Leone Western Africa Low income  47.00%  2022  3.35  2018  3.352  2018 
  El Salvador Central America Upper middle income  42.70%  2022  1.92  2022  1.926  2022 
  San Marino Southern Europe High income  34.84%  2022 
  Somalia Eastern Africa Low income  44.06%  2022  1.70  2016 
  Serbia Southern Europe Upper middle income  33.75%  2022  2.28  2021  2.489  2021 
  South Sudan Eastern Africa Low income  49.39%  2022  1.71  2017  1.788  2016 
  São Tomé and Príncipe Middle Africa Lower middle income  39.38%  2022  2.57  2017  2.569  2017 
  Suriname South America Upper middle income  52.41%  2022  2.207  2022  F
  Slovakia Eastern Europe High income  25.98%  2022  2.97  2022  3.421  2021  2.8  2021
  Slovenia Southern Europe High income  30.65%  2022  1.97  2022  4.196  2021  3.0  2021
  Sweden Northern Europe High income  33.75%  2022  1.78  2022  2.806  2021  3.3  2022
  Eswatini Southern Africa Lower middle income  59.88%  2022  1.41  2017  1.407  2016 
  Seychelles Eastern Africa High income  52.09%  2022  2.58  2019  2.622  2018 
  Syria Western Asia Low income  54.25%  2022  3.80  2007  3.798  2022 
  Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean High income  48.52%  2022 
  Chad Middle Africa Low income  46.73%  2022  2.92  2019  2.808  2022 
  Togo Western Africa Low income  50.03%  2022  2.29  2019  2.785  2021 
  Thailand South-eastern Asia Upper middle income  51.75%  2022  3.17  2021  3.186  2021 
  Tajikistan Central Asia Lower middle income  38.12%  2022  2.95  2015  2.953  2015 
  Turkmenistan Central Asia Upper middle income  47.99%  2022  2.72  1993  2.404  1998 
  Timor-Leste South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  46.30%  2022  4.04  2014  4.045  2014 
  Tonga Polynesia Upper middle income  48.59%  2022  3.18  2015  3.965  2021 
  Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean High income  52.41%  2022  2.07  1992  2.127  1992 
  Tunisia Northern Africa Lower middle income  41.37%  2022  3.16  2016  3.083  2021 
  Turkey — Upper middle income  51.68%  2022  2.00  2021  1.988  2021  5.3  2021
  Tuvalu Polynesia Upper middle income  48.59%  2022  2.68  2010  2.684  2010 
  Taiwan Eastern Asia High income  34.92%  2022  2.53  2021  3.515  2021 
  Tanzania Eastern Africa Lower middle income  51.37%  2022  2.88  2018  2.875  2018 
  Uganda Eastern Africa Low income  52.82%  2022  2.43  2020  2.428  2019 
  Ukraine Eastern Europe Upper middle income  38.26%  2022  4.25  2020  4.257  2020 
  Uruguay South America High income  47.17%  2022  2.24  2022  2.162  2022 
  United States Northern America High income  48.27%  2022  1.42  2022  1.762  2022  6.3  2022
  Uzbekistan Central Asia Lower middle income  48.30%  2022  2.88  2003  2.495  2022 
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean Upper middle income  48.52%  2022 
  Venezuela South America —  54.96%  2022  2.50  2014  1.244  2006 
  Vietnam South-eastern Asia Lower middle income  45.82%  2022  2.53  2020  2.569  2022 
  Vanuatu Melanesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  3.04  2020  3.044  2019 
  Samoa Polynesia Lower middle income  48.59%  2022  2.74  2014  2.738  2013 
  Kosovo Southern Europe Upper middle income  31.64%  2022  0.50  2018  3.790  2017 
  Yemen Western Asia Low income  55.11%  2022  3.00  2014  3.005  2014 
  South Africa Southern Africa Upper middle income  65.41%  2022  1.09  2017  0.857  2014  22.3  2017
  Zambia Eastern Africa Lower middle income  61.74%  2022  1.10  2015  1.473  2022 
  Zimbabwe Eastern Africa Lower middle income  58.95%  2022  1.93  2019  2.539  2017 
  1. ^ Pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population (WID): Pre-tax national income is the sum of all pre-tax personal income flows accruing to the owners of the production factors, labor and capital, before taking into account the operation of the tax/transfer system, but after taking into account the operation of pension system. The central difference between personal factor income and pre-tax income is the treatment of pensions, which are counted on a contribution basis by factor income and on a distribution basis by pre-tax income. The population is composed of individuals over age 20. The base unit is the tax unit defined by national fiscal administrations to measure personal income taxes.
  2. ^ Decile 1 group shares of resource (UNU-WIDER, PIP): A decile is a quantitative method of dividing data into 10 equal parts. Income Decile 1 measures the share of income of the top 10% of the population.
  3. ^ Interdecile P90/P10 (OECD): The P90/P10 ratio is the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e. the 10% of people with highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile.

References

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  1. ^ Haddad, Cameron Nadim; Mahler, Daniel Gerszon; Diaz-Bonilla, Carolina; Hill, Ruth; Lakner, Christoph; Ibarra, Gabriel Lara (17 June 2024). "Inside the World Bank's new inequality indicator: The number of countries with high inequality". World Bank. Retrieved 25 October 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ "Gini index". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  3. ^ a b "World Income Inequality Database (WIID). Version 28". wider.unu.edu. World Income Inequality Database - WIID. UNU-WIDER. November 2023. doi:10.35188/UNU-WIDER/WIID-281123. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  4. ^ "Income inequality (disposable income), Gini coefficient, 2021". oecd.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  5. ^ "Income inequality (disposable income), Gini coefficient, 2022". oecd.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  6. ^ "Income distribution database. Gini (disposable income)". data-explorer.oecd.org. OECD Data Explorer. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  7. ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. EC Data Browser. Eurostat. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  8. ^ "Income distribution database. Gini (disposable income)". data-explorer.oecd.org. OECD Data Explorer. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  9. ^ "Pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population". wid.world. World Inequality Database (WID). 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  10. ^ "Poverty & Inequality Indicators. Income Decile 1". pip.worldbank.org. Poverty and Inequality Platform. World Bank. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  11. ^ "Income distribution database. P90/P10 disposable income decile ratio". data-explorer.oecd.org. OECD Data Explorer. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  12. ^ "Income inequality (disposable income), Interdecile P90/P10, 2021". oecd.org. Income inequality. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  13. ^ "Income inequality (disposable income), Interdecile P90/P10, 2022". oecd.org. Income inequality. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.

See also

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Further reading

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  • Chancel, L.; Piketty, T.; Saez, E.; Zucman, G.; et al. "World Inequality Report 2022" (PDF). wir2022.wid.world. World Inequality Lab. UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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