List of wars involving Armenia

This is a list of wars involving Armenia and its predecessor states. The list gives the name, the date, the combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

Armenian victory

Defeat

Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result,
status quo ante Bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)

Ongoing conflict

Conflict	Armenian side (and allies)	Opponent	Results
Kingdom of Armenia (331 BC–428 AD)
Campaigns of Artaxias I (189–165 BCE)	Kingdom of Armenia Kingdom of Sophene	Atropatene Kingdom of Cataonia Kingdom of Pontus Lesser Armenia Kingdom of Iberia	Victory Atropatene comes under Artaxias's zone of influence.^{[citation needed]} Armenia conquers the regions of Karenitis, Derksen, Akilisene and Antitaurus.^{[citation needed]}
Seleucid-Armenian War (168–165 BCE)^{[citation needed]}	Kingdom of Armenia Kingdom of Sophene	Seleucid Empire	Victory Armenia conquers the region of Tmorik.^{[citation needed]} 3 years later Antiochus IV Epiphanes is forced to retreat due to internal troubles at home.^{[citation needed]} Artaxias I captured, but escapes with the aid of Timarchus.^{[citation needed]}
Armenian-Iberian War (168–165 BCE)^[1]^{[failed verification]}^[2]	Kingdom of Armenia	Kingdom of Iberia Kingdom of Alania	Compromise^{[citation needed]} Artaxias I's general and son Zariadres captured, would be released on the following terms: Javakheti, Ardahan, and the Fortress of Demotistsikhe would be ceded to Iberia A defensive alliance between Armenia and Iberia would be formed
Armenia invaded by Parthian Empire (120–100 BCE?)	Kingdom of Armenia	Parthian Empire Atropatene	Defeat Territorial gains for Parthia Tigranes II given as a hostage to Parthian court
Military campaigns of Tigranes the Great (95–78 BCE)	Kingdom of Armenia	Atropatene	Victory Kingdoms of Sophene, Osroene, Commagene, Atropatene pledge loyalty to Armenia, Tigranes annexes Cilicia Pedias, Mygdonia, and Syria. Launches numerous attacks upon the Kingdom of Cappadocia^[3]
Third Mithridatic War (73–66 BC)^{[citation needed]}	Kingdom of Armenia Kingdom of Pontus	Roman Republic	Defeat Pontus is divided up: one part becomes a client state of Rome, the other a Roman province.^[4] Armenia becomes a client kingdom of Rome.^[5] Tigranacerta destroyed in 69 bc.^[6]
Iberian–Armenian War (50–53 AD)	Kingdom of Armenia	Kingdom of Iberia	Victory Tiridates I crowned King of Armenia
Roman–Parthian War of 58–63	Kingdom of Armenia Parthian Empire	Roman Empire Sophene Lesser Armenia Kingdom of Iberia Commagene Kingdom of Pontus	Victory Treaty of Rhandeia Arsacids established on Armenian throne
Ardashir I invasion of Armenia (226–238)^{[citation needed]}	Kingdom of Armenia	Sasanian Empire	Victory After twelve years of fighting against Tiridates II, Ardashir I withdrew his army and left Armenia. Tiridates II strengthen his positions in Middle East
Armenian Principality of Cilicia (1080–1198) Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198–1375)
First Crusade (1096–1099)	Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of France Duchy of Apulia Byzantine Empire Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	Great Seljuq Empire Danishmends Fatimids Almoravids Abbasids	Victory Kingdom of Jerusalem created Crusader states created
Second Crusade (1145–1149)	Kingdom of Jerusalem County of Tripoli Principality of Antioch Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Castile County of Barcelona Kingdom of León Kingdom of Denmark Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Cilicia Kingdom of England Kingdom of Poland	Seljuq Sultanate Almoravids Almohads Zengids Abbasids Fatimids	Defeat in Anatolia Status quo ante bellum in the Levant Victory in Iberia Crusaders capture Lisbon, Tortosa, Wagria, and Polabia
Armenian–Byzantine wars (1151–1168)	Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	Byzantine Empire	Victory Armenians inflicted a heavy defeat to the Byzantine army in the battle of Mamistra The Byzantine Empire abandoned its pretensions to the Armenian state^{[citation needed]}
War with Antioch (1156)	Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	Principality of Antioch Supported by: Byzantine Empire	Compromise^{[citation needed]} After a short battle near Alexendretta, Raynald of Châtillon was forced to return home, covered with humiliation Thoros voluntarily surrendered to the Temlpars the fortresses in question, and the Knights took an oath “to assist the Armenians on all occasions where they needed help.” Having secured the land he wanted, Raynald demanded his subsidies from the emperor who refused them, pointing out that the main task had yet to be done. Raynald quickly sided with Thoros and conspired to attack Cyprus
Third Crusade (1189–1192)	Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of England Kingdom of France Crusader States Kingdom of Jerusalem Principality of Antioch County of Tripoli Military Orders Kingdom of Cilician Armenia Kingdom of Hungary Republic of Genoa Republic of Pisa	Ayyubid Sultanate Sultanate of Egypt Emirate of Damascus Emirate of Hama Emirate of Mesopotamia Sultanate of Rûm Nizari Ismaili: Nizari Ismaili state Christian opponents: Byzantine Empire Empire of Cyprus Kingdom of Sicily	Victory Treaty of Jaffa, the result of Crusader military victories and successful sieges.
Ninth Crusade (1271–1272)	Kingdom of France Kingdom of Cyprus Kingdom of England Kingdom of Cilicia	Mamluks	Defeat Treaty of Caesarea Crusader states collapsed^{[citation needed]}
Armenian national–liberation movement (18th century–1918)
Persian Campaign (1914-1918)	Russian Empire (1914-1917) Armenian volunteers British Empire Assyrian volunteers	Ottoman Empire Qajar Iran Azeris Kurds	Victory The Fedayi helped the Assyrians to take over West Azerbaijan from the Turks in the Urmia revolt and Battle of Khoy Overthrow of the Qajar regime a few years later^{[citation needed]}
First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)
Caucasus Campaign (World War I) (1918)	Armenian National Council	Ottoman Empire	Armistice Treaty of Batum Establishment of the First Republic of Armenia
Armenian–Azerbaijani War (1918–1920)	First Republic of Armenia	Azerbaijan	Indecisive Battle of Kazakh Sovietization of Armenia and Azerbaijan Karabakh and Nakhchivan dispute settled in favor of Azerbaijan Zangezur came under Armenia's control.^{[citation needed]}
Georgian–Armenian War (1918)	First Republic of Armenia	Georgia	Inconclusive Armenia gains the province of Lori. With the intervention of Great Britain, a truce was concluded between Armenia and Georgia.
Turkish–Armenian War/Soviet invasion of Armenia (1920)	First Republic of Armenia	Turkey Russian SFSR	Defeat All of Western Armenia is given to Turkey Rest of Armenia is Sovietized
Soviet Social Republic of Armenia (1920–1991)
World War II (1939–1945)	Soviet Union Soviet Armenia	Germany Armenian Legion	Victory 500,000 Armenians fought in the Soviet Army, 200,000 of whom perished. 20,000 Armenians fought in the American Armed Forces^{[citation needed]} 10,000 Armenians fought in the French Armed Forces^{[citation needed]}
Republic of Armenia (1991–)
First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994)	Armenia Nagorno-Karabakh	Azerbaijan	Victory Armenian victory^[7] De facto independence of Nagorno-Karabakh. Ceasefire (Bishkek Protocol).
2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict^{[citation needed]}	Armenia Nagorno-Karabakh	Azerbaijan	Inconclusive Inconclusive (see aftermath) Azerbaijan claims victory^[8]^[9] Armenia claims to have successfully repelled the Azerbaijani offensive^[10]^[11]
Second Nagorno-Karabakh war (2020)	Armenia Artsakh	Azerbaijan	Defeat Azerbaijani victory^[12]^[13]

References

^ Moses, of Khoren, activeth century (1978). History of the Armenians. Robert W. Thomson. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 185–187, 193–196. ISBN 0-674-39571-9. OCLC 3168093.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ The Georgian chronicles of Kʻartʻlis Cʻxovreba (A History of Georgia) : translated and with commentary. Stephen Jones, Roin Metreveli, Sakʿartʿvelos mecʿnierebatʿa akademia. Komissii︠a︡ po istochnikam istorii Gruzii. Tʻbilisi. 2014. pp. 31–34. ISBN 978-9941-445-52-1. OCLC 883445390.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
^ Garsoian, Nina (2005). "Tigran II". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
^ McGing, B. C. (1986). The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus. Brill. p. 166.
^ Patterson, Lee E. (2015). "Antony and Armenia". TAPA. 145 (1 (Spring)). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 77.
^ Edwell, Peter (2021). Rome and Persia at War: Imperial Competition and Contact, 193–363 CE. Routledge. p. 11.
^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Armenia". Refworld. Minority Rights Group International. 2007. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016. The war ended at Ceasefire Agreement in 1994, with the Armenians of Karabakh (supported by Armenia) taking control not only of Nagorny Karabakh itself but also occupying in whole or in part seven regions of Azerbaijan surrounding the former NKAO.
^ "The Nagorny Karabakh Conflict: Defaulting to War". chathamhouse.org. Chatham House. 11 July 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2019. Azerbaijan presents its operations of 2–5 April 2016 as a tactical victory and psychological breakthrough.
^ Jardine, Bradley (April 2, 2018). "Armenians and Azerbaijanis commemorate two years since breakout of "April War"". EurasiaNet. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020. President Ilham Aliyev, for his part, posted an image on Instagram of himself wearing military fatigues with the caption, "The April War was our glorious historical victory."
^ "President Serzh Sargsyan invited a meeting of the National Security Council". president.am. Office to the President of Armenia. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020. ....It was noted that during the military actions unleashed by Azerbaijan, the RA Armed Forces fulfilled their task. The NKR Defence Army was victorious in thwarting Azerbaijani aggression and frustrating its plans.
^ Aslanian, Karlen; Movsisian, Hovannes (April 5, 2016). "Azeri Offensive In Karabakh Failed, Says Sarkisian". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
^ "'One nation, two states' on display as Erdogan visits Azerbaijan for Karabakh victory parade". France24. 10 December 2020. Azerbaijan's historic win was an important geopolitical coup for Erdogan who has cemented Turkey's leading role as a powerbroker in the ex-Soviet Caucasus region.
^ "Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal". BBC. 10 November 2020. The BBC's Orla Guerin in Baku says that, overall, the deal should be read as a victory for Azerbaijan and a defeat for Armenia.

[:1-1] Moses, of Khoren, activeth century (1978). History of the Armenians. Robert W. Thomson. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 185–187, 193–196. ISBN 0-674-39571-9. OCLC 3168093.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[:0-2] The Georgian chronicles of Kʻartʻlis Cʻxovreba (A History of Georgia) : translated and with commentary. Stephen Jones, Roin Metreveli, Sakʿartʿvelos mecʿnierebatʿa akademia. Komissii︠a︡ po istochnikam istorii Gruzii. Tʻbilisi. 2014. pp. 31–34. ISBN 978-9941-445-52-1. OCLC 883445390.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)

[3] Garsoian, Nina (2005). "Tigran II". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

[4] McGing, B. C. (1986). The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus. Brill. p. 166.

[5] Patterson, Lee E. (2015). "Antony and Armenia". TAPA. 145 (1 (Spring)). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 77.

[6] Edwell, Peter (2021). Rome and Persia at War: Imperial Competition and Contact, 193–363 CE. Routledge. p. 11.

[7] "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Armenia". Refworld. Minority Rights Group International. 2007. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016. The war ended at Ceasefire Agreement in 1994, with the Armenians of Karabakh (supported by Armenia) taking control not only of Nagorny Karabakh itself but also occupying in whole or in part seven regions of Azerbaijan surrounding the former NKAO.

[8] "The Nagorny Karabakh Conflict: Defaulting to War". chathamhouse.org. Chatham House. 11 July 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2019. Azerbaijan presents its operations of 2–5 April 2016 as a tactical victory and psychological breakthrough.

[9] Jardine, Bradley (April 2, 2018). "Armenians and Azerbaijanis commemorate two years since breakout of "April War"". EurasiaNet. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020. President Ilham Aliyev, for his part, posted an image on Instagram of himself wearing military fatigues with the caption, "The April War was our glorious historical victory."

[10] "President Serzh Sargsyan invited a meeting of the National Security Council". president.am. Office to the President of Armenia. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020. ....It was noted that during the military actions unleashed by Azerbaijan, the RA Armed Forces fulfilled their task. The NKR Defence Army was victorious in thwarting Azerbaijani aggression and frustrating its plans.

[11] Aslanian, Karlen; Movsisian, Hovannes (April 5, 2016). "Azeri Offensive In Karabakh Failed, Says Sarkisian". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.

[12] "'One nation, two states' on display as Erdogan visits Azerbaijan for Karabakh victory parade". France24. 10 December 2020. Azerbaijan's historic win was an important geopolitical coup for Erdogan who has cemented Turkey's leading role as a powerbroker in the ex-Soviet Caucasus region.

[13] "Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal". BBC. 10 November 2020. The BBC's Orla Guerin in Baku says that, overall, the deal should be read as a victory for Azerbaijan and a defeat for Armenia.

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List of wars involving Armenia

See also

References