This is a list of assassinations in Lebanon.
Pre-1970s
editDate | Victim(s) | Location | Method | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1152 | Raymond II of Tripoli, count of Tripoli | Tripoli | Killed by Hashshashin | ||
April 28, 1192 | Conrad of Montferrat | Tyre | Killed by Hashshashin | ||
August 17, 1270 | Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre | Killed by Hashshashin | |||
1528 | Muhammad Agha Shu'ayb, Tripoli ruler | Tripoli | Assassinated along with his son in the Taynal Mosque of Tripoli. | ||
August 6, 1921 | Fouad Jumblatt, Druze leader | Shakeeb Wahhab | |||
October 31, 1950 | Sami al-Hinnawi, Syrian head of state | Beirut | Shooting | Hersho al-Barazi | Killed by a cousin of former Prime Minister Muhsin al-Barazi, who al-Hinnawi had executed following a coup. |
July 17, 1951 | Riad Al Solh, first Prime minister of Lebanon | Amman | Shooting | SSNP | In revenge for the execution of Antoun Saadeh |
May 8, 1958 | Nasib Al Matn, Nasserist journalist | Beirut | Shooting | Pro-Chamoun Lebanese | Al Matni was assassinated in his office in West Beirut in the early hours on 8 May 1958.[1] |
September 1958 | Fouad Haddad, Journalist at the Kataeb Party's Al Amal newspaper | Beirut | Abduction | Kidnapped in Beirut and killed in September 1958.[2] | |
October 13, 1958 | Waheed el Solh, aide to Prime Minister Sami Solh | Beirut | Sniperfire | Assassinated during the 1958 Lebanon Crisis | |
July 12, 1959 | Naim Moghabghab, Member of Parliament for the National Liberal Party | Shooting | Progressive Socialist Party | Killed when opponents attacked him in his car | |
May 16, 1966 | Kamel Mrowa, the publisher of Al-Hayat and The Daily Star newspapers | Beirut | Shooting | Adnan Chaker Sultani (INM) | Shot at his office in Beirut.[2] |
1970s
editDate | Victim(s) | Location | Method | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 4, 1972 | Muhammad Umran, former Minister of Defense of Syria | Tripoli | Shooting | Shot outside his home in Tripoli | |
July 8, 1972 | Ghassan Kanafani, Palestinian writer & spokesperson for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine | Beirut | Bomb | Mossad | Killed by a 3-kg bomb attached to his car in Beirut along with his 17-year old niece. |
April 9, 1973 | Kamal Adwan, senior Fatah officer | Beirut | Raid | Israel Defence Force | See IDF seaborne attack |
Muhammad Youssef al-Najjar, Palestine Liberation Organization executive | Wife and elderly neighbor also killed in response to the Munich massacre | ||||
Kamal Nasser, Palestinian poet | See 1973 Israeli raid on Lebanon | ||||
March 6, 1975 | Maarouf Saad, Member of Parliament for Sidon | Sidon | Shooting | Lebanese Army (Alleged) | Shot during a fisherman's protest and later died in a Beirut hospital |
July 15, 1975 | Amine Abouchahine, senior member of the Progressive Socialist Party | Kataeb Regulatory Forces | |||
May 25, 1976 | Linda Jumblatt, sister of Kamal Jumblatt | Beirut | Shooting | National Liberal Party | She was killed in her apartment in Beirut's eastern suburbs. Her two daughters were also injured.[3] |
June 16, 1976 | Francis E. Meloy, Jr., United States Ambassador to Lebanon, and Robert O. Waring, US Economic Counselor to Lebanon | Beirut | Abduction | PFLP | Abducted by members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine; the bodies were found with multiple bullet wounds on a garbage dump near the beach in Ramlet al-Baida. |
March 16, 1977 | Kamal Jumblatt, Druze leader | Baakleen | Shooting | Ibrahim Huwayji, Syrian Intelligence Officer | Kamal Jumblatt was gunned down in his car near the village of Baakline in the Chouf mountains by unidentified gunmen.[4][5][6] His bodyguard and driver also died in the attack.[4] |
June 7, 1978[7] | Joud el Bayeh, Kataeb Party leader in Zgharta and Marada Movement affiliate | Zgharta | Marada Movement | His assassination is believed to have triggered the Ehden massacre.[7] | |
June 13, 1978 | Tony Frangieh, Christian leader | Ehden | Mass killing | Phalangists | Killed by Phalangists led by Elie Hobeika during the Ehden massacre |
January 22, 1979 | Ali Hassan Salameh, Fatah security chief and CIA asset | Beirut | Car bomb | Mossad | Killed in a car bomb along with eight other people in Beirut |
1980s
editDate | Victim(s) | Location | Method | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 6, 1980 | Salim Lawzi, journalist | Aramoun | Shooting | Syrian intelligence agents | He was kidnapped by gunmen on the Airport Road on 25 February 1980. His heavily bruised tortured body was found nine days later on 4 March 1980 in Aramoun, on the outskirts of Beirut.[8] |
May 2, 1980 | Hassan al-Shirazi, Iraqi-Iranian Shia scholar | Borj el Brajneh | Shooting | Ba'ath officers | Thirteen bullets hit al-Shirazi, mostly in his head, killing him.[9] |
July 23, 1980 | Riad Taha, journalist and president of the Lebanese Publishers Association. | Beirut | Shooting | Unknown | Although there have been rumors that Syrian intelligence killed him, there is also another report, stating that Taha was killed due to the feud between his family and another Shiite family.[10] |
July 28, 1980 | Musa Shuaib, poet and member of Ba'ath Party | Beirut | Car bomb | Unknown | Killed by a car bomb at Beirut International Airport along with three others |
August 16, 1981 | Elias Hannush, NLP commander | Beirut | Shooting | Leftist gunmen | His nine-year-old daughter, his seven-year-old son, and two bodyguards were also gunned down.[11] |
September 4, 1981 | Louis Delamare, French ambassador | Beirut | Shooting | Red Knights Militia | Was shot at a checkpoint in Beirut. |
March 16, 1982 | Bachir Kayrouz, former MP[12] | Hazmieh | Shooting | Unknown | Was killed in Hazmieh |
April 1982 | Sheikh Ahmad Assaf, Sunni cleric[13] | Beirut | Shooting | Leftist gunmen | Gunned down by three assailants while driving home from a mosque in West Beirut. |
September 14, 1982 | Bachir Gemayel, President-elect of Lebanon | Beirut | Bombing | Habib Tanious Shartouni and Nabil Alam | Bomb explosion in the Kataeb's Beirut headquarters.[14] |
September 29, 1982 | Saad Sayel, senior PLO commander | Rayak | Shooting | Abu Nidal Group | He was taken by ambulance to the Mowasat hospital in Damascus, where he died from severe bleeding. |
April 18, 1983 | Robert Ames, CIA chief | Beirut | Suicide van | Hezbollah | A suicide bombing in Beirut, Lebanon, that killed 32 Lebanese, 17 Americans, and 14 visitors and passers-by. The victims were mostly embassy and CIA staff members. |
Kenneth Haas, Station Chief | |||||
James Lewis, CIA officer | |||||
Janet Lee Stevens, American journalist | |||||
William R. McIntyre, deputy director of the United States Agency for International Development | |||||
December 1, 1983 | Sheik Halim Takieddin, Druze leader[15] | Beirut | Shooting | Unknown | Was found dead at his home in West Beirut. |
January 19, 1984 | Malcolm H. Kerr, President of the AUB | Beirut | Shooting | Islamic Jihad Organisation | Shot by two gunmen outside his office |
February 14, 1984 | Ghaith Khoury, Kataeb leader in Jbeil | Okaibe | Shooting | Georges Tannous Chidiac[16] | His wife was also killed due to her injuries |
March 1984 | Peter Kilburn | Abduction | Islamic Jihad Organization | ||
February 16, 1984 | Ragheb Harb, Shia leader in south Lebanon | Jibchit | Shooting | Danny Abdallah and Hussein Abbas | Shot outside his home by Lebanese criminals, allegedly at the direction of Mossad. |
December 28, 1984 | Sheikh Khalil al Tawil, Druze leader | Baakleen | Shooting | Unknown | Was killed by four gunmen[17] |
June 3, 1985 | William Francis Buckley, officer at the U.S. embassy | Execution | Islamic Jihad Organization | Abducted in Beirut on March 16, 1984. Executed in 1985. | |
February 9, 1986 | Khalil Akkawi, leader of the Islamic Unification Movement | Tripoli | Shooting | Syria | Syrian Military Intelligence killed Tawhid leader Khalil Akkawi because he refused to fight the Lebanese Forces.[18] Three supporters of Akkawi's Islamic Tawheed, or Islamic Unification Movement, were slain in gunfights with Syrian troopers after his burial.[19] |
May 18, 1987 | Mahdi Amel, Marxist intellectual and militant | Beirut | Shooting | Pro-Iranian Shia Criminals | Amel was walking on Algeria street when armed men shot him.[20] |
June 1, 1987 | Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon | Beirut | Helicopter bombing | Syria (alleged) | Killed by bomb aboard helicopter, planted by the Lebanese Forces.[14] |
August 2, 1987 | Mohammad Choucair, advisor to President Amine Gemayel | Beirut | Shooting | Syria | Killed in his West Beirut apartment. |
February 9, 1989 | Anwar al-Fatayri, Progressive Socialist Party official | Deri el Qamar | Shooting | Officer in the Lebanese army | Shot at a public event |
May 1, 1989 | Sobhi Saleh, head of the Sunni Islamic Higher Council. | Beirut | Shooting | Unknown | Was killed by masked men in motorcycles near a mosque in West Beirut.[21] |
February 17, 1987 | Husayn Muruwwa, Marxist philosopher | Beirut | Shooting | Pro-Iranian Shia Criminals | Shot in his head by gunmen at his house |
September 24, 1987 | André Mass, director of USJ in Saida | Sidon | Shooting | Unknown | Three men stormed into his office and killed him.[22] |
May 16, 1989 | Hassan Khaled, leader of Sunni community | Beirut | Car bomb | Syria | Khaled and 21 others were killed.[23] |
September 21, 1989 | Nazem Qadri, Member of Parliament from Beqaa region | Beirut | Shooting | Syria | Driver also killed |
November 22, 1989 | René Moawad, President of Lebanon | Beirut | Car bomb | Unknown | Killed along with 23 others when a 250-kg car bomb exploded while he was being driven through West Beirut |
1990s
editDate | Victim(s) | Location | Method | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 19, 1990 | Elias Zayek, Kataeb commander | Byblos | Shooting | Lebanese Forces | Was shot and killed in Jbeil |
October 21, 1990 | Dany Chamoun, son of former President Camille Chamoun | Beirut | Shooting | Syria[24] | Killed along with his wife and 2 sons. Lebanese Forces leader Samir Geagea was convicted but later cleared of the murder. |
December 1991 | Mustafa Jeha, writer and Al-Amal contributor[25] | Beirut | Shooting | Hezbollah | He was a critic of Hezbollah and Iran |
February 16, 1992 | Abbas al-Musawi, Secretary-General of Hezbollah | Nabatieh | Airstrike | IDF | Killed in an airstrike which also killed his wife, son and four others |
August 6, 1993 | Henri Philippe Pharaoun, former Foreign Minister | Beirut | Stabbing | Former bodyguard | Was murdered in his bedroom at the Carlton Hotel[26] |
January 29, 1994 | Naib Ma'ayta, First Secretary of the Jordanian Embassy[27] | Beirut | Shooting | Fatah | Shot in head and chest by lone gunman outside his Beirut apartment[28] |
April 13, 1994 | Talib Suhayl al-Tamimi, leading member of the Council for a Free Iraq. | Beirut | Shooting | Iraqi intelligence | Four diplomats from the Iraqi embassy detained. One died in prison, the other three sent back to Iraq in 1996[29] |
August 31, 1995 | Nizar al-Halabi, leader of the Al-Ahbash Sufi movement[30] | Beirut | Shooting | members of Osbat al-Ansar | Killed instantly when gunmen in a white Mercedes opened fire on his car in West Beirut |
2000s
editDate | Victim(s) | Location | Method | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 30, 2000 | Aql Hashem, Colonel in the South Lebanon Army | Debel | Bombing | Hezbollah | Killed by a remote-controlled bomb in his farm outside Debel. The planning and execution of the operation was filmed and broadcast by Hizbollah's own TV-station Al-Manar. |
January 24, 2002 | Elie Hobeika, militia leader | Hazmiyeh | Car bomb | Disputed | Killed by a car bomb near his house in the Beirut suburb of Hazmiyeh. The explosion killed three other people, including his two bodyguards, and wounded six more people.[31] |
May 7, 2002 | Ramzi Irani, Lebanese Forces student representative at Lebanese University | Beirut | Execution | Cold case | Was walking down Hamra Street on his way to celebrate the birthday of his 5-year-old daughter, Yasmina when he was kidnapped without a trace. |
May 17, 2003 | Abdullah Shraidi, former leader of Osbat al-Nour | Ain el-Hilweh | Shooting | Fatah | Shraidi died two months later, in July,[32] from wounds sustained during the shooting. |
May 20, 2002 | Jihad Ahmed Jibril, leader of the military wing of the PFLP-GC | Beirut | Car bomb | Mossad | A 2 kg TNT booby trap had been put under the driver's seat of his car. The blast occurred in a crowded commercial center in Beirut's Mar Elias district. |
May 2, 2004 | Pierre Boulos, former chairman of LF students' branch | Gemmayzeh | Abduction | Found dead in his car outside the Gemayze Hospital after disappearing.[33] | |
July 19, 2004 | Ghaleb Awwali, Amal official | Beirut | Car bomb | Killed by a car bomb in Beirut | |
February 14, 2005 | Rafik Hariri, billionaire and former Prime Minister of Lebanon | Beirut | Car bomb | Hezbollah | Killed, along with more than 20 others by a one tonne truck bomb that exploded as his motorcade passed by in Beirut. See Assassination of Rafic Hariri |
Bassel Fleihan, Economics Minister in the Hariri government | Beirut | Car bomb | Hezbollah | Travelling in Hariri's motorcade, died of wounds sustained in explosion. See Assassination of Rafic Hariri | |
June 2, 2005 | Samir Kassir, columnist at "An Nahar" newspaper and fierce critic of Syria | Beirut | Car bomb | Syria | Kassir was assassinated using a car bomb in Beirut on 2 June 2005, just a few days after the general elections.[34] |
June 21, 2005 | George Hawi, former chief of the Lebanese Communist Party | Beirut | Car bomb | Hezbollah | When a bomb planted in his Mercedes car was detonated by remote control, as he travelled through Beirut's Wata Musaitbi neighbourhood.[35] |
December 12, 2005 | Gibran Tueni, Editor in Chief of "An Nahar" newspaper | Mkalles | Car bomb | Strugglers for the Unity and Freedom of al-Sham | Two of his bodyguards were also killed in the blast. |
May 26, 2006 | Mahmoud al-Majzoub, Palestinian Islamic Jihad official | Sidon | Car bomb | Mossad | His brother Nidal al-Majzoub also died in the explosion. |
November 21, 2006 | Pierre Gemayel, Minister of Industry | Jdeideh | Shooting | Strugglers for the Unity and Freedom of al-Sham | The day before Lebanese Independence Day, at least three to four gunmen opened fire at close range on Gemayel with five different types of suppressed automatic weapons |
June 13, 2007 | Walid Eido, Future Party member of the Lebanese Parliament | Beirut | Car bomb | Syrian intelligence | Several citizens were also killed, two of whom were Nejmeh footballers, Hussein Naeem and Hussein Dokmak. |
September 19, 2007 | Antoine Ghanim, member of the Lebanese Parliament | Sin el Fil | Car bomb | Syrian intelligence | The car-bomb that killed him along with at least six others, including his two bodyguards, one of whom is Antoine Daou. |
December 12, 2007 | François al-Hajj, General | Baabda | Car bomb | Syrian intelligence | Four other people, including his bodyguard, also died in the attack.[36] |
January 25, 2008 | Wissam Eid, senior intelligence official within the Internal Security Forces of Lebanon | Hazmiyeh | Car bomb | Syrian intelligence | A car bomb attack containing an explosive charge of at least 50 kg of explosives killed him, along with his bodyguard and two civilians |
February 12, 2008 | Imad Mughniyah, senior Hezbollah member | Kafr Sousa | Car bomb | Mossad | Killed by a car bomb blast at around 23:00 in the Kafr Sousa neighborhood of Damascus, Syria. |
September 10, 2008 | Saleh al Aridi, leader of the Lebanese Democratic Party | Baissour | Car bomb | Unknown | Killed by a 700gm bomb placed in his car outside his home in Aley District |
March 23, 2009 | Kamal Naji, deputy representative of the PLO in Lebanon | Mieh Mieh | Bomb | Mossad (alleged) | Naji and three others were killed when a roadside bomb exploded as his convoy was passing the Kifah el Musallah security check point to Mieh Mieh camp near Sidon.[37] |
2010s
editDate | Victim(s) | Location | Method | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 19, 2012 | Wissam al-Hassan, head of information branch of the Internal Security Forces | Beirut | Car bomb | Syrian intelligence | Seven other people including his driver also died and nearly eighty people were wounded in the huge blast.[38] |
December 4, 2013 | Hassan al-Laqqis, military commander of Hezbollah | Hadath | Shooting | ISIS in Lebanon | A number of gunmen shot him in the head in his car from close range as he arrived at his home |
December 27, 2013 | Mohamad Chatah, former finance minister, ambassador to the United States, and advisor to Prime Minister Saad Hariri | Beirut | Car bomb | Hezbollah | Killed by a car bomb in Beirut. Presumed to be because Chatah was mentioned as a potential candidate for prime minister. Saad Hariri hinted that he believed the assassins to be from Hezbollah.[39] |
February 20, 2014 | Abdulrahman Diab, Arab Democratic Party official[40] | Tripoli | Shooting | Unknown | Gunned down in his car by passing motorcyclists |
2020's
editDate | Victim(s) | Location | Method | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 2, 2020 | Mounir Abou Rjeily, head of the anti-smuggling unit in the Higher Customs Council | Qartaba | Stabbing | Unknown | It was found that the head was injured by a sharp instrument which led to his death.[41] |
February 4, 2021 | Lokman Slim, publisher, political activist and commentator | Addousiyeh[42] | Shooting | Hezbollah | Stated that Hezbollah supporters had been threatening him at his home and accusing him of treason before his murder.[43] |
July 30, 2023 | Abu Ashraf al Armoushi, Fatah militant | Ain el-Hilweh | Shooting | Shabab Al-Muslim | Islamist militants ambushed a Fatah military general in a parking lot, killing him and three bodyguards. |
August 6, 2023 | Elias Hasrouni, former Lebanese Forces official[44] | Ain Ebel | Shooting | Hezbollah | Lebanese Forces veteran was found murdered in his car at his hometown. |
January 2, 2024 | Saleh al-Arouri, deputy leader of Hamas | Dahieh | Airstrike | IDF | Killed along with six others by an Israeli drone strike in Dahieh, Beirut.[45] |
January 8, 2024 | Wissam al-Tawil, commander in Hezbollah's Radwan Force | Majdel Selm | Airstrike | IDF | Highest ranking Hezbollah official killed during the 2023 Israel–Hezbollah conflict.[46] |
January 9, 2024 | Ali Hussein Barji, Hezbollah aerial forces commander | Khirbet Selm | Airstrike | IDF | He was killed in an Israeli airstrike while attending the funeral of Wissam al-Tawil |
April 7, 2024 | Pascal Suleiman, Lebanese Forces coordinator | Byblos | Shooting | Syrian gang | His abandoned body was found by Syrian soldiers in the Hawit area of Syria. Motives remain unknown.[47] |
April 9, 2024 | Mohammad Srour, Hamas money smuggler | Beit Meri | Shooting | Mossad (alleged) | According to the US Treasury, Srour funneled millions of dollars from Iran to Hamas.[48] |
June 14, 2024 | Taleb Abdallah, commander of Hezbollah's Naser unit | Jwaya | Airstrike | IDF | Three other Hezbollah members were killed in the airstrike.[49] |
July 30, 2024 | Fuad Shuker, senior Hezbollah leader and member of the Jihad Council | Haret Hreik | Airstrike | IDF | Six other deaths including Iranian military advisor, Milad Bidi. |
August 9, 2024 | Samer al-Hajj, Hamas security agent.[50] | Sidon | Airstrike | IDF | Two civilians, a Palestinian and a Lebanese, were also injured.[51] |
See also
editReferences
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- ^ a b "A century of Attacks on Free Expression". Kateeb.org. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- ^ Times, Henry Tanner Special to The New York (1976-05-28). "Sister of Moslem Leader Is Murdered in Lebanon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ a b O'Ballance, Edgar (1998). Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-312-21593-4.
- ^ Llewellyn, Tim (2010). Spirit of the Phoenix: Beirut and the Story of Lebanon. I.B.Tauris. p. xiii. ISBN 978-1-84511-735-1.
- ^ Knudsen, Are (2010). "Acquiescence to Assassinations in Post-Civil War Lebanon?". Mediterranean Politics. 15 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1080/13629391003644611. S2CID 154792218.
- ^ a b "Kataëb-Marada: les grandes dates". L'Orient-Le Jour. 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
- ^ Fouad Ajami (29 May 1992). The Arab Predicament: Arab Political Thought and Practice since 1967. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-521-43833-9.
- ^ "al-Shahid al-Mufaker Ayat Allah al-Sayid Hasan al-Shirazi" [The martyr and thinker Ayatollah Sayyid Hassan al-Shirazi]. almodarresi.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-06-13.
- ^ "Feuds rampant in Lebanon". The Spokesman Review. Beirut. AP. 16 September 1982. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- ^ https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Report-Lebanon-Mapping-2013-EN_0.pdf
- ^ ThemeLooks. "الاغتيالات في لبنان والفاعل لا زال مجهولاً". monthlymagazine.com. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
- ^ "Moslems and Christians in rare show of unity - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
- ^ a b "Historic Assassinations Since 1865," The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2004, p.156 (World Almanac 2004)
- ^ Hijazi, Ihsan A. (1983-12-02). "DRUSE RELIGIOUS LEADER IS SLAIN AT HOME IN BEIRUT". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ Justice Assassination of Ghaith Khoury: a former FL militiaman confesses lorientlejour.com (June 14, 1999)
- ^ "Druze Sheikh Khalil al Tawil assassinated". The Centre for Social Sciences Research & Action. 2014-09-23. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ "Rougier, B. (2015). North Lebanon in Bilad al-Sham. In The Sunni Tragedy in the Middle East: Northern Lebanon from al-Qaeda to ISIS (pp. 1–25)".
- ^ "Four Killed, Including Syrian, in Tripoli Gunfights".
- ^ "HASSAN ABDALLAH HAMDAN". Lokman Slim Foundation. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
- ^ Hijazi, Ihsan A.; Times, Special To the New York (1986-10-08). "LEBANESE SUNNI MOSLEM LEADER IS SLAIN". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
- ^ lebanons02 (2014-10-15). "Assassination of Father André Mass, the director of USJ's branch in Saida". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ "Lebanon Historical Conflict Mapping and Analysis". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Mustafa Jeha". Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ "Arrest in Beirut Slaying". The Washington Post. 1993-08-09.
- ^ "Lebanese Hold 4 Palestinians In Killing of Jordan Diplomat". The New York Times. 1994-02-13. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
- ^ Middle East International No 468, 4 February 1994, Publishers Lord Mayhew, Dennis Walters MP; Gerald Butt p.11
- ^ Middle East International No 543, 7 February 1997; Giles Trendle p.12
- ^ Middle East International No 508, 8 September 1995; G.H.Jansen pp.13-14
- ^ MacFarquhar, Neil (25 January 2002). "Car Bomb Kills Figure in 1982 Lebanese Massacre". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ "Tensions high in Palestinian refugee camp". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2019-12-20.
- ^ https://www.lebanese-forces.com/2009/10/05/62726/
- ^ "Chronology Of Events: 2005". Mediterranean Politics. 11 (2): 279–308. 2006. doi:10.1080/13629390600683048. S2CID 220378402.
- ^ Mallat, Chibli. Lebanon's Cedar Revolution An essay on non-violence and justice (PDF). Mallat. p. 124. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2012.
- ^ "François al-Hajj assassinated". NOW Lebanon. 12 December 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
- ^ Medhat received death threats – Fatah leader
- ^ Al Sharif, Osama (24 October 2012). "Lebanon at the edge of precipice". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
- ^ "Lebanon: Hezbollah critic Mohamad Chatah's murder blamed on Shia". Independent.co.uk. 27 December 2013.
- ^ "Arab Democratic Party Official Shot Dead in Tripoli amid Flare up". Naharnet. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ "MOUNIR ABOU RJEILY". Lokman Slim Foundation. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
- ^ "LOKMAN MOHSEN SLIM". Lokman Slim Foundation. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
- ^ Jenkins, Cameron (2021-02-04). "Lebanese activist who spoke out against Hezbollah found dead in car". TheHill. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
- ^ Prentis, Jamie (11 August 2023). "Murder claims after suspicious death of Lebanese Forces official in south Lebanon". The National. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ^ "Israeli drone kills deputy Hamas chief in Beirut". Reuters. 2023-01-02. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
- ^ "حزب الله يعلن استشهاد أرفع قيادي بصفوفه منذ بدء الحرب مع الاحتلال ...الشرق الأوسط" [Hezbollah announces the martyrdom of its highest-ranking leader since the start of the war with the occupation... The Middle East] (in Arabic). pressbee. 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "الوكالة الوطنية للإعلام - Army receives body of citizen Pascal Suleiman from Syrian authorities". National News Agency. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
- ^ National, The (2024-04-15). "Lebanese officials say Mossad killed Hamas financier in Beirut suburb". The National. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
- ^ Livni, Ephrat; Ward, Euan (2024-06-12). "Senior Hezbollah Commander Is Killed in Israeli Strike". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
- ^ "Israel steps up attacks in Lebanon, kills Hamas official". Al Jazeera. 9 August 2024.
- ^ "Israel assassinates Hamas leader in Lebanon". Quds Network. 9 August 2024.