In a career that spanned more than forty years, Judy Garland performed on stage, screen and television. Garland appeared in 34 feature films. She was nominated for multiple Academy Awards and Golden Globe Awards, receiving an Academy Juvenile Award and one Golden Globe. Her film career was interrupted in 1951 after she was cast in a series of films she was unable to complete, but she returned to the screen in 1954 in A Star Is Born and continued to appear in films until 1963.
Although Garland appeared in concert as early as 1943, it was only when her film career stalled that she began regular concert appearances, beginning with a critically acclaimed 1951 concert series at the London Palladium. Garland set a record when she appeared for 19 weeks at the Palace Theatre in New York City, also in 1951, and her 1961 concert Judy at Carnegie Hall is often considered one of the greatest nights in show business history. She continued to tour until just three months prior to her death in 1969.
Garland starred in a series of television specials beginning in 1955, when she appeared in the first episode of Ford Star Jubilee. The success of these specials led CBS to offer Garland a regular series. The Judy Garland Show premiered in 1963. Although the show was critically well-received, it suffered in the Nielsen ratings from being scheduled across from Bonanza, which was then the most popular show on the air. The Judy Garland Show was canceled after one season but Garland and the series were nominated for Emmy Awards.
Filmography
editFeature films
edit
Short subjects
edit| Title | Year | Role | Director | Studio | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Big Revue | 1929 | Herself (with the Gumm Sisters) | — | Mayfair Pictures | |
| A Holiday in Storyland | 1930 | Roy Mack | Warner Bros. | Lost; includes Garland's first solo number, "Blue Butterfly" | |
| Bubbles | |||||
| The Wedding of Jack and Jill | Lost | ||||
| La Fiesta de Santa Barbara | 1935 | Louis Lewyn | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | ||
| Every Sunday | 1936 | Judy | Felix E. Feist | First role at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | |
| Silent Night | 1937 | Herself | — | Performed "Silent Night" with St Luke's Episcopal Church Choristers of Long Beach | |
| If I Forget You | 1940 | — | Performed "If I Forget You" for the Will Rogers Memorial Fund | ||
| We Must Have Music | 1942 | Susan Gallagher | — | Performed "We Must Have Music" musical number deleted from Ziegfeld Girl |
Unfinished films
edit| Title | Year | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Barkleys of Broadway | 1949 | Dinah Barkley | Garland was taking prescription sleeping medication along with illicitly obtained pills containing morphine. These in combination with migraine headaches led Garland to miss several shooting days in a row. After being advised by Garland's doctor that she would only be able to work in four- to five-day increments with extended rest periods between, MGM executive Arthur Freed suspended Garland on July 18, 1948. She was replaced with Ginger Rogers.[3] |
| Annie Get Your Gun | 1950 | Annie Oakley | Garland was nervous at the prospect of playing Annie Oakley—a role strongly identified with Ethel Merman—anxious about appearing in an unglamourous role after breaking from juvenile parts for several years and disturbed by her treatment at the hands of director Busby Berkeley. She began arriving late to the set and would sometimes not show up at all. She was suspended from the picture on May 10, 1949, and replaced with Betty Hutton.[4] |
| Royal Wedding | 1951 | Ellen Bowen | Having been called in to replace a pregnant June Allyson, Garland again failed to report to the set on multiple occasions after costume tests and rehearsals with Fred Astaire and director Charles Walters. The studio suspended her contract on June 17, 1950, and replaced her with Jane Powell.[5] |
| Valley of the Dolls | 1967 | Helen Lawson | Garland was cast as Helen Lawson in the film version of Jacqueline Susann's bestseller featuring the character of Neely O'Hara, depicted by Patty Duke. Neely was largely based upon Garland herself. As with previous projects, Garland missed days of work, blew repeated takes and delayed production by refusing to leave her dressing room. She was replaced in April 1967 with Susan Hayward.[6] However, Patty Duke tells another story – that the director kept Garland waiting for hours until late in the day, by which time she was either too tired or too nervous to perform.[7] Another star of the film, Barbara Parkins, also defended Garland, stating on numerous occasions that "Miss Hayward was a pale imitation of what Garland could have made of the role."[8] |
Box office ranking
editAt the height of her career, Garland was regularly ranked among the top movie stars in the US in the annual poll conducted by Quigley publishing:[9]
Concerts
editGarland appeared in concert over 1,100 times.[13] Listed below are some of her key concert performances.
| Date | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| July 10, 1943 | Philadelphia | Gave first solo concert at the Robin Hood Dell; Andre Kostelanetz conducted the orchestra.[14] |
| April 9, 1951 | London | Garland opened her new show at the London Palladium; the show performed twice nightly with Wednesday and Saturday matinees. |
| July 1, 1951 | Dublin | Performed in Ireland at the Theatre Royal, Dublin for 14 sold-out performances where her show was performed for 50,000 people which was unprecedented for the time. Upon arrival in Dublin, she was met by huge crowds to whom she sang from her dressing room window.[5] |
| October 16, 1951 | New York City | The legendary Palace Theater opening – the show ran for 19 weeks and broke all box office records. She returned from 11/16/51–2/24/52.[15] |
| 1956 | Las Vegas, Nevada at the New Frontier Hotel | Garland performed a four-week stand for a salary of $55,000 per week, making her the highest-paid entertainer to work in Las Vegas to date. Despite a brief bout of laryngitis, her performances there were so successful that her run was extended an extra week.[16] |
| May 11, 1959 | New York City | Opened at the Metropolitan Opera House, in New York for a 7 night run. |
| October 3, 5, 1960 | Paris | Palais de Chaillot, dubbed by French critics "La Piaf Americaine" |
| October 28, 29, 1960 | Paris | Concert at the famed Olympia |
| October 1960 | Amsterdam | The concert is broadcast live on European radio and is considered to be on a par with the Carnegie Hall performance the following year.[5] |
| April 23, 1961 | New York City | The legendary concert at Carnegie Hall. |
| September 16, 1961 | Los Angeles, California | Performed the Carnegie Hall concert at the Hollywood Bowl to sold-out audience in spite of heavy rain. |
| May 1964 | Sydney/Melbourne | Perhaps Garland's most unsuccessful tour and caused much controversy. The reviews for the two Sydney concerts were positive. However, the Melbourne portion of the tour was a disaster for her. The audience was angry over her late appearance, so much that she was unable to remember lyrics and slurred those that she did remember. She walked off the stage in tears after only 20 minutes and three numbers. It was the first time in her career that she had received negative notices and where she had been heckled and jeered by an audience. Later in Hong Kong she made an unpublicised suicide bid.[5] [17] |
| November 8, 15, 1964 | London | Performed at the London Palladium with daughter Liza Minnelli in a one-off event for ITV. The concert was recorded and released as a 2 record album LP set by Capitol Records |
| July 31, 1967 | New York City | Returned to the Palace Theatre for a 4-week sold-out run. |
| August 31, 1967 | Boston | Largest audience; over 100,000 people attended her free outdoor concert on the Boston Common |
| December 25, 27, 1967 | New York City | Appeared at Madison Square Garden's Felt Forum T theater |
| July 20, 1968 | Philadelphia | Appeared at JFK Stadium, her last concert in the U.S. |
| March 25, 1969 | Copenhagen, Denmark | Garland's final concert, at the Falkoner Centre in Copenhagen |
Television
editKey Garland television appearances include:
| Date | Title | Network | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| September 24, 1955[18] | Ford Star Jubilee | CBS | The first full-scale color telecast on CBS.[19] |
| April 8, 1956[20] | Judy Garland Musical Special | CBS | Slated to be the first of a series of CBS specials under a three-year, $300,000 contract with Garland, this was the only one produced before the relationship between Garland and husband Sid Luft and CBS broke down in a dispute over the planned format of upcoming specials.[21] |
| February 25, 1962 | The Judy Garland Show | CBS | Featured Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin. Nominated for four Emmy Awards.[22] |
| March 19, 1963[23] | Judy Garland and Her Guests Phil Silvers and Robert Goulet | CBS | Nominated for an Emmy. |
| September 29, 1963 – March 29, 1964 | The Judy Garland Show | CBS | Garland's only regular series. Canceled after one season and 26 episodes. Garland and the series were Emmy-nominated.[24] |
| December 1, 1964 | Judy and Liza at the London Palladium | ITV | Broadcast of the November 1964 appearance with Liza Minnelli. |
| December 1968 | The Merv Griffin Show | First run syndication | |
| January 19, 1969[25] | Sunday Night at the London Palladium | ITV |
Radio appearances
editFor a list of songs performed on the radio, see: Radio recordings (1935–1961)
| Date | Program | Episode |
|---|---|---|
| 1940-10-28 | Lux Radio Theatre | "Strike Up the Band" |
| 1941-01-26 | Silver Theater | "Love's New Sweet Song" |
| 1941-11-09 | The Screen Guild Theater | "Babes in Arms" |
| 1941-11-17 | Lux Radio Theatre | "Merton of the Movies" |
| 1942-10-12 | Lux Radio Theatre | "Morning Glory" |
| 1942-12-28 | Lux Radio Theatre | "A Star Is Born" |
| 1943-03-22 | The Screen Guild Theater | "For Me and My Gal" |
| 1945-02-15 | "Command Performance" Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS) | "Dick Tracy In B-Flat or For Goodness Sakes, Isn't He Ever Going To Marry Tess Trueheart?" |
| 1946-01-28 | Lux Radio Theatre | "The Clock" |
| 1946-11-21 | Suspense | "Drive-In" |
| 1946-12-02 | Lux Radio Theatre | "Meet Me in St. Louis" |
| 1950-12-25 | Lux Radio Theatre | "The Wizard of Oz" |
| 1953-02-16 | Lux Radio Theatre | "Lady in the Dark" |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c "Judy Garland: Biography". TV Guide. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
- ^ a b "Judy Garland". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Archived from the original on 2012-08-03. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
- ^ Shipman pp. 225-6
- ^ Clarke pp. 250-5
- ^ a b c d Frank, Gerold (1975). Judy. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-306-80894-3.
- ^ Seaman pp. 292-3, 343
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: PATTY DUKE on JUDY GARLAND in VALLEY OF THE DOLLS @ Castro Theatre Event!. YouTube.
- ^ "Must See Vintage Cinema: Valley of the Dolls - Sharon Tate - Zimbio". www.zimbio.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-17.
- ^ Quigley Publishing Top Ten Moneymaking Stars
- ^ "Acclaimed BY Film Trade". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 4 February 1941. p. 8 Supplement: Women's Supplement. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "THE SCREEN'S FIRST MONEY-SPINNEKS FOR 1942". The Argus. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 27 February 1943. p. 6 Supplement: The Argus Week-end Magazine. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "Bing Crosby America's Screen Favourite". The Argus. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 24 March 1945. p. 8 Supplement: The Argus Week-end Magazine. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Fricke, John. "Judy Garland: Featured Essay". PBS. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
- ^ DiOrio Jr., Al (1973). Little Girl Lost: The Life and Hard Times of Judy Garland. Manor Books.
- ^ St. Johns, Adela Rogers (1974). Some Are Born Great. Doubleday & Company. ISBN 9780385087698.
- ^ Frank p. 420–1
- ^ Armstrong & Neill 2024, p. 104.
- ^ Parsons, Louella (1955-09-23). "TV Spectacular Gives New Rainbow to Judy". The Daily Review.
- ^ Sanders p. 16
- ^ Sanders p. 19
- ^ Sanders p. 24
- ^ "Awards for The Judy Garland Show (1962)". Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
- ^ Sanders p. 65
- ^ "Awards for The Judy Garland Show (1963)". Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
- ^ Edwards p. 327
References
edit- Clarke, Gerald (2000). Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland. New York, Random House. ISBN 0-375-50378-1.
- DiOrio, Jr., Al (1973). Little Girl Lost: The Life and Hard Times of Judy Garland. Manor Books.
- Edwards, Anne (1975). Judy Garland. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-80228-3 (paperback edition).
- Finch, Christopher (1975). Rainbow: The Stormy Life of Judy Garland. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-25173-3 (paperback edition).
- Frank, Gerold (1975). Judy. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-306-80894-3.
- Sanders, Coyne Steven (1990). Rainbow's End: The Judy Garland Show. Zebra Books. ISBN 0-8217-3708-2 (paperback edition).
- Seaman, Barbara (1996). Lovely Me: The Life of Jacqueline Susann. New York, Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-1-888363-37-1 (1996 edition).
- Shipman, David (1975). Judy Garland, The Secret Life of an American Legend. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-7868-8026-0 (paperback edition).
- St. Johns, Adela Rogers (1974). Some Are Born Great. Doubleday & Company.
- Armstrong, Greg; Neill, Andy (2024). When We Was Fab: Inside the Beatles Australasian Tour 1964. Woodslane Press, Warriewood NSW, Australia. ISBN 978-1-922800-68-8.