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List of Continental Army units (1776)

The Continental Army was the army raised by the Second Continental Congress to oppose the British Army during the American Revolutionary War. The army went through three major establishments: the first in 1775, the second in 1776, and the third from 1777 until after the end of the war. The 1776 differed in some significant ways from both the 1775 establishment and the 1777 establishment.

Second establishment

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The Continental Army was established by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775, which is also recognized as the founding date of its successor, the United States Army. On that day, the Continental Congress assumed responsibility for militia regiments that had been raised by the colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. These units and others authorized by Congress served in the Siege of Boston and the invasion of Quebec launched in September 1775. With these operations ongoing, Congress voted to authorize a second establishment of the army for 1776.

The enlistments of most soldiers in the Continental Army of 1775 expired on the last day of the year. On January 1, 1776, a new army was established. General George Washington had submitted recommendations for reorganization to the Continental Congress almost immediately after accepting the position of Commander-in-Chief, but these took time to consider and implement. Despite attempts to broaden the recruiting base beyond New England, the 1776 army remained skewed toward the Northeast both in terms of its composition and geographical focus.

Main Army units

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Numbered infantry regiments

The bulk of the newly organized Main Army (that was commanded by General Washington) consisted of 27 infantry regiments, which were numbered in order of the seniority of the colonel of each regiment, and styled as "Continental Regiments". This differed from the regiments in the Southern Department, which retained state designations, some of which were assigned in the 1775 establishment. The Main Army regiments were created by reorganizing existing units and by encouraging soldiers to reenlist for another year. Each new regiment comprised eight companies, which at full strength fielded a total of 728 men. Of these, 640 provided the firepower (privates and corporals with muskets); the remaining were officers and staff, including three field officers (a colonel, lieutenant colonel, and major), a captain for each company, a surgeon, a quartermaster, drummers, etc.[1] Other units were also authorized.

# State Colonels 1775 establishment
predecessor 		1777 establishment
successor
1st Pennsylvania William Thompson
Edward Hand (March 7, 1776) 		1st Pennsylvania Regiment 1st Pennsylvania Regiment
2nd New Hampshire James Reed 3rd New Hampshire Regiment 3rd New Hampshire Regiment
3rd Massachusetts Ebenezer Learned 4th Massachusetts Regiment 4th Massachusetts Regiment
4th Massachusetts John Nixon 6th Massachusetts Regiment 6th Massachusetts Regiment
5th New Hampshire John Stark 1st New Hampshire Regiment 1st New Hampshire Regiment
6th Massachusetts Edward Wigglesworth
Asa Whitcomb 		None; raised July 11, 1776 13th Massachusetts Regiment
7th Massachusetts William Prescott 9th Massachusetts Regiment
(not to be confused with the 1777 9th Massachusetts Regiment) 		Disbanded; remnants joined the 2nd Massachusetts Regiment
8th New Hampshire Enoch Poor 2nd New Hampshire Regiment 2nd New Hampshire Regiment
9th Rhode Island James Mitchell Varnum 1st Rhode Island Regiment 1st Rhode Island Regiment
10th Connecticut Samuel Holden Parsons
John Tyler 		6th Connecticut Regiment 6th Connecticut Regiment
11th Rhode Island Daniel Hitchcock 2nd Rhode Island Regiment 2nd Rhode Island Regiment
12th Massachusetts Moses Little 24th Massachusetts Regiment Disbanded.
13th Massachusetts Joseph Read
14th Massachusetts John Glover 23rd Massachusetts Regiment Disbanded.
15th Massachusetts John Paterson 1st Massachusetts Regiment
16th Massachusetts Paul Dudley Sargent 8th Massachusetts Regiment
17th Connecticut Jedediah Huntington
18th Massachusetts Edmund Phinney 12th Massachusetts Regiment
19th Connecticut Charles Webb
20th Connecticut John Durkee
21st Massachusetts Jonathan Ward
22nd Connecticut Samuel Wyllys
23rd Massachusetts John Bailey 2nd Massachusetts Regiment
24th Massachusetts John Greaton 3rd Massachusetts Regiment
25th Massachusetts William Bond
26th Massachusetts Loammi Baldwin Gerrish's Regiment 9th Massachusetts Regiment
27th Massachusetts Israel Hutchinson 5th Massachusetts Regiment
Other infantry units
Artillery

Canadian Department units

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Initial infantry units
Continental Regiments authorized by Washington on January 19, 1776 after Montgomery's defeat at the Battle of Quebec (December 31, 1775)
Reinforcements dispatched from New York City on April 15, 1776 under Brigadier General William Thompson
Reinforcements dispatched from New York City on April 27, 1776 under Brigadier General John Sullivan
Additional units raised later in the year
  • Dubois' Regiment (New York). Colonel Lewis Dubois. (Redesignated the 5th New York Regiment in 1777).
  • Nicholson's Regiment (New York). Colonel John Nicholson. (Disbanded December 31, 1776).
  • Warner's Regiment (Vermont). Colonel Seth Warner. (Reraised and expanded from the Green Mountain Boys).

Northern Department units

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Artillery units
  • Wool's Artillery Detachment (New York). Captain Lieutenant Isaiah Wool. (Remnant of Lamb's Artillery Company of 1775; assigned to the 2d Continental Artillery Regiment in 1777).
  • Bauman's Continental Artillery Company. Captain Sebastian Bauman. (Assigned to the Main Army, April 13, 1776; later part of the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment).
  • Romans' Continental Artillery Company. Captain Bernard Romans.

Eastern Department units

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  • 6th Continental Regiment (Massachusetts). Colonel Asa Whitcomb. (Assigned to the Northern Department August 8, 1776).
  • 14th Continental Regiment (Massachusetts). Colonel John Glover. (Stationed at Beverly, Massachusetts;[2] assigned to the Main Army in New York on July 20, 1776).
  • 16th Continental Regiment (Massachusetts). Colonel Paul Dudley Sargent. (Assigned to the Main Army in New York on July 11, 1776).
  • 18th Continental Regiment (Massachusetts). Colonel Edmund Phinney. (Assigned to the Northern Department on August 3, 1776).
  • 27th Continental Regiment (Massachusetts). Colonel Israel Hutchinson. (Assigned to the Main Army in New York on July 11, 1776).
  • Long's Regiment (New Hampshire). Colonel Pierse Long. (Assigned to the Northern Department, November 22, 1776).
  • Ward's Regiment (Connecticut). Colonel Andrew Ward. (Assigned to the Main Army, August 1, 1776).
Rhode Island Garrison Regiments.

Two regiments of Rhode Island state troops which served with the Continental Army in 1776, but were not placed on the Continental establishment.[3]

Middle Department units

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The Middle Department was created on February 27, 1776,[4] as a military administrative district embracing New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. When the Main Army moved from Boston to New York in April 1776 and Washington opened his headquarters in New York City, he assumed direct command of the department. As a result the Main Army became, for the remainder of the war, the field army associated with the Middle Department.[5] At the same time New York and the Northern Department became practically coextensive; only the Hudson Highlands and parts of New York to the south remained in the Middle Department.[6] These changes left Washington holding three posts at once: Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, Commanding General of the field army under his immediate command, the Main Army, and Commanding General of the Middle Department.

Infantry units

Southern Department units

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The Continental Congress established the Southern Department on February 27, 1776.[4] The department was the organizing unit for regiments raised in Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia.

Virginia infantry
North Carolina infantry
South Carolina infantry
Georgia infantry
Cavalry units
Artillery units

Notes

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  1. ^ Wright, Continental Army, 47, 50.
  2. ^ Lesser, Sinews, 12.
  3. ^ Berg, Encyclopedia, 106.
  4. ^ a b Wright, Continental Army, 82.
  5. ^ Wright, Continental Army, 84.
  6. ^ Wright, Continental Army, 83-84.
  7. ^ Wright, Continental Army, 72.
  8. ^ Wright, Continental Army, 108.
  9. ^ a b Wright, Continental Army, 70-71.

References

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  • Berg, Fred Anderson Encyclopedia of Continental Army Units: Battalions, Regiments, and Independent Corps. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1972.
  • Lesser, Charles H., Editor. The Sinews of Independence: Monthly Strength Reports of the Continental Army. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1976.
  • Wright, Robert K. The Continental Army. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, 1983. Available online.
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