This is a partial list of people who have been categorized as Christ myth theory proponents, the belief that "the historical Jesus did not exist. Or if he did, he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity".[1]
A
edit
- John M. Allegro (1923–1988) – English archaeologist.[2]
B
edit
- Dan Barker (born 1949) – American atheist activist.[3]
- Bruno Bauer (1809–1882) – German philosopher and historian.[4]
- Albert Bayet (1880–1961) – French sociologist.[5]
- Gustaaf Adolf van den Bergh van Eysinga (1874–1957) – Dutch theologian.[6]
- Gerard Bolland (1854–1922) – Dutch philosopher and scholar.[7]
- Emilio Bossi (1870–1920) – Swiss journalist and lawyer.[8]
- Georg Brandes (1842–1927) – Danish literary critic.[9]
- Thomas L. Brodie (born 1943) – Irish Roman Catholic priest.[10]
C
edit- Richard Carlile (1790–1843) – English journalist, radical and secularist.[11]
- Edward Carpenter (1844–1929) – English socialist poet, philosopher and anthologist.[12]
- Richard Carrier (born 1969) – American historian, author, and atheist activist.[13]
- Paul-Louis Couchoud (1879–1959) – French philosopher.[14]
- Herbert Cutner (1881–1969) – English artist, etcher and freethought writer.[15]
D
edit
- Earl Doherty (born 1941) – Canadian writer.[16]
- Arthur Drews (1865–1935) – German historian and philosopher.
- Édouard Dujardin (1861–1949) – French novelist and writer.[17]
- Charles-François Dupuis (1742–1809) – French scientist.[18]
E
edit- Alvar Ellegård (1919–2008) – Swedish linguist.[19]
F
edit- David Fitzgerald (born 1964) – American atheist activist and writer.[20]
- Brian Flemming (born 1966) – American film director.[21]
G
edit
- Peter Gandy – British writer.[22]
- Marshall Gauvin (1881–1978) – Canadian atheist and freethought writer.[23]
- Gilbert T. Sadler (1871–1939) – British Congregational minister.[24]
- Kersey Graves (1813–1883) – American freethought writer.[25]
- Edward Greenly (1861–1951) – English geologist.[26]
H
edit
- Tom Harpur (1929–2017) – Canadian theologian and writer.[27]
- Arthur Heulhard (1849–1920) – French journalist.[28]
J
edit- Peter Jensen (1861–1936) – German orientalist.[29]
- Edward Johnson (1842–1901) – English historian.[30]
K
edit- Albert Kalthoff (1850–1906) – German Protestant theologian.[18]
- Shūsui Kōtoku (1871–1911) – Japanese socialist and anarchist.[31]
- Sergey Kovalev (1886–1960) – Russian scholar of classical antiquity.[32]
- Iosif Kryvelev (1906–1991) – Russian historian of Judaism and Christianity.[33]
- Alvin Boyd Kuhn (1880–1963) – American Theosophist.[34]
L
edit
- Harold Leidner (1916–2008) – American patent attorney.[35]
- Logan Mitchell (1802–1881) – British freethinker.[36]
- Abraham Dirk Loman (1823–1897) – Dutch theologian.[37]
- Samuel Lublinski (1868–1910) – Literary historian, critic, and philosopher of religion.[38]
M
edit
- M. M. Mangasarian (1859–1943) – American rationalist and secularist.[39]
- Michael Martin (1932–2015) – American philosopher.[40]
- Gerald Massey (1828–1907) – English poet and spiritualist.
- Dennis McKinsey (1940–2009) – American atheist writer.[41]
- Myles McSweeney (1814–1881) – Irish Chartist, mythologist and secularist writer.[42]
N
edit- Andrzej Niemojewski (1864–1921) – Polish social and political activist.[43]
O
edit- Michel Onfray (born 1959) – French philosopher.[44]
P
edit- Minas Papageorgiou (born 1983) – Greek journalist and author.[45]
- Allard Pierson (1831–1896) – Dutch theologian and historian.[18]
- Robert M. Price (born 1954) – American theologian,New Testament scholar and writer.[46]
R
edit
- Abram Ranovich (1885–1948) – Russian scholar of classical antiquity and religion.[32]
- Salomon Reinach (1858–1932) – French archaeologist and historian.
- Samuel Maximilian Rieser (1893–1981) – American lawyer and philosopher.[47]
- Jonathan M. Roberts (1821–1888) – American lawyer and spiritualist medium.[48]
- J. M. Robertson (1856–1933) – Scottish journalist, politician and writer.[49]
- Rudolf Steck (1842–1924) – Swiss reformed theologian.[50]
- Nikolai Rumyantsev (1892–1956) – Russian historian.
- L. Gordon Rylands (1862–1942) – British criminologist and writer.[17]
S
edit
- Acharya S (1961–2015) – American writer.[51]
- Sarah Elizabeth Titcomb (1841–1895) – American genealogist and writer.[52]
- Homer William Smith (1895–1962) – American physiologist and science writer.[53]
- William Benjamin Smith (1850–1934) – American professor of mathematics.[18]
T
edit
- Robert Taylor (1784–1844) – Freethinker and radical.[54]
- Thomas L. Thompson (born 1939) – Danish Biblical scholar and theologian.[55]
- Farrell Till (1933–2012) – American skeptic.[56]
V
edit- Charles Virolleaud (1879–1968) – French archaeologist.[57]
- Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney (1757–1820) – French historian and philosopher.[18]
W
edit- Barbara G. Walker (born 1930) – American feminist writer.[58]
- George Albert Wells (1926–2017) – English Professor of German and writer.[59]
- Joseph Wheless (1868–1950) – American lawyer.[60]
- Thomas Whittaker (1856–1935) – English metaphysician and critic.[49]
- Robert Wipper (1859–1954) – Russian historian.[32]
Z
edit- Frank Zindler (born 1939) – American atheist writer.[61]
References
edit- ^ Ehrman, Bart D. (2012). Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth. HarperOne. ISBN 978-0062206442 pp. 12, 347, n. 1. "[Per Jesus mythicism] In a recent exhaustive elaboration of the position, one of the leading proponents of Jesus mythicism, Earl Doherty, defines the view as follows: it is “the theory that no historical Jesus worthy of the name existed, that Christianity began with a belief in a spiritual, mythical figure, that the Gospels are essentially allegory and fiction, and that no single identifiable person lay at the root of the Galilean preaching tradition.” [Jesus: Neither God nor Man: The Case for a mythical Jesus (Ottawa, ON: Age of Reason Publications, 2009), vii–viii.] In simpler terms, the historical Jesus did not exist. Or if he did, he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity."
- ^ Novenson, Matthew V. (2017). The Grammar of Messianism: An Ancient Jewish Political Idiom and Its Users. Oxford University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0190255022
- ^ "Debunking the Historical Jesus". Freedom From Religion Foundation.
- ^ Beilby, James K; Eddy, Paul Rhodes. The Quest for the Historical Jesus. In James K. Beilby and Paul Rhodes Eddy. (2009). The Historical Jesus: Five Views. pp. 16–18. ISBN 978-0830838684
- ^ Alfaric, Prosper; Bayet, Albert; Couchoud, Paul-Louis. (1932). Le Problème de Jésus et les Origines du Christianisme, with Prosper Alfaric. Paris: Bibliothèque Rationaliste
- ^ Whittaker, Thomas. (1934). Prof. G.A. van den Bergh van Eysinga. Nieuw Theologisch Tijdschrift. 34.
- ^ McCown, Chester Charlton. (1940). The Search for the Real Jesus: A Century of Historical Study. Scribner. p. 75
- ^ Ziolkowski, Theodore. (2002 edition). Fictional Transfigurations of Jesus. Wipf & Stock Publishers. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1579109318
- ^ Weaver, Walter P. (1999). The Historical Jesus in the Twentieth Century: 1900–1950. Trinity Press International. p. 300. ISBN 1-56338-280-6
- ^ Brodie, Thomas L. (2012). Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus: Memoir of a Discovery. Sheffield Phoenix Press.
- ^ Carlile, Richard. (1826). To Mr. J. R. Beard, Unitarian Preacher, Manchester. The Republican 13 (3): 65–72.
- ^ Larson, Martin Alfred. (1977). The Story of Christian Origins: Or, The Sources and Establishment of Western Religion. J. J. Binns. p. 304
- ^ Casey, Maurice. (2014). Jesus: Evidence and Argument or Mythicist Myths? Bloomsbury. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-0-56759-224-8
- ^ Ziolkowski, Theodore. (2002 edition). Fictional Transfigurations of Jesus. Wipf & Stock Publishers. pp. 145–147. ISBN 978-1579109318
- ^ Smith, George H. (1991). Atheism, Ayn Rand, and Other Heresies. Prometheus Books. p. 178. ISBN 978-0879755775
- ^ Casey, Maurice. (2014). Jesus: Evidence and Argument or Mythicist Myths? Bloomsbury. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-56759-224-8
- ^ a b McCabe, Joseph. (1950). A Rationalist Encyclopaedia: A Book of Reference on Religion, Philosophy, Ethics, and Science. Watts & Co. p. 334
- ^ a b c d e Van Voorst, Robert E. (2000). Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence . Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. pp. 7–12. ISBN 0-8028-4368-9
- ^ Ellegård, Alvar. (1992). Myten om Jesus: den tidigaste kristendomen i nytt ljus. Bonniers. ISBN 91-34-51245-4
- ^ Tarico, Valerie (12 April 2017). "What if Jesus Never Existed? An Interview with History Writer David Fitzgerald". ValerieTarico.com.
- ^ The God Who Wasn't There, 2005.
- ^ Casey, Maurice. (2014). Jesus: Evidence and Argument or Mythicist Myths? Bloomsbury. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-56759-224-8
- ^ Gauvin, Marshall. (1922). Jesus Christ Really Live? Peter Eckler Publishing Company.
- ^ A. F. (1917). Reviewed Work: The Origin and Meaning of Christianity by Gilbert T. Sadler. International Journal of Ethics 28 (1): 131–132.
- ^ Graves, Kersey (1875). The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors. Freethought Press.
- ^ Stein, Gordon. (1980). An Anthology of Atheism and Rationalism. Prometheus Books. p. 185. ISBN 978-0879752569
- ^ Evans, Craig A. (2012). Jesus and His World: The Archaeological Evidence. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-664-23413-3
- ^ Goguel, Maurice. (1926). Jesus The Nazarene: Myth Or History? D. Appleton & Company. Footnote 41. p. 20
- ^ Smith, Warren Allen. (2000). Who's Who in Hell: A Handbook and International Directory for Humanists, Freethinkers, Naturalists, Rationalists, and Non-theists. Barricade Books. p. 590. ISBN 978-1569801581
- ^ Radicalism in England: Johnson from "The Denial of the Historicity of Jesus in Past and Present" by Arthur Drews.
- ^ Tierney, Robert Thomas; Shusui, Kotoku. (2015). Monster of the Twentieth Century: Kotoku Shusui and Japan's First Anti-Imperialist Movement. University of California Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0520286344
- ^ a b c А. В. Андреев (2015). "Дискуссия об историчности Иисуса Христа в советском религиоведении" (PDF). Вестник ПСТГУ (in Russian). Retrieved 1 November 2017.
- ^ Гололоб Г. "Богословие и национальный вопрос" (in Russian). Библиотека Гумер. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
- ^ Harpur, Tom. (2004). The Pagan Christ: Recovering the Lost Light. Toronto: Thomas Allen Publishers. ISBN 0-88762-145-7
- ^ Casey, Maurice. (2014). Jesus: Evidence and Argument or Mythicist Myths? Bloomsbury. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-56759-224-8
- ^ Mitchell, Logan. (1881). Religion in the Heavens; Or, Mythology Unveiled. London: Freethought Publishing Company.
- ^ A.J. Allan (1995). "A Forgotten Chapter: the Radicals". Kerk & Wereld. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011.
- ^ Weaver, Walter P. (1999). The Historical Jesus in the Twentieth Century: 1900–1950. Trinity Press International. p. 69. ISBN 1-56338-280-6
- ^ Mangasarian, M. M. (1909). The Truth About Jesus, Is He a Myth? Chicago: Independent Religious Society.
- ^ Eddy, Paul Rhodes; Boyd, Gregory A. (2007). The Jesus Legend: A Case for the Historical Reliability of the Synoptic Jesus Tradition. Baker Academic. p. 166. ISBN 978-0801031144
- ^ McKinsey, Dennis. (1995). The Encyclopedia of Biblical Errancy. Prometheus Books. p. 108. ISBN 978-0879759261
- ^ Davies, Charles Maurice. (1874). Heterodox London: Or, Phases of Free Thought in the Metropolis. London: Tinsley Brothers. pp. 111–120
- ^ Schweitzer, Albert. (1913, 2nd edition). The Quest of the Historical Jesus. Auflage. p. 451
- ^ Metro.co.uk, Rob Waugh for (12 April 2017). "'Jesus never actually existed at all,' controversial French author argues". Metro.
- ^ Papageorgiou, Minas (2015). Jesus Mythicism: An introduction (ebook). Thessaloniki, Greece: Daidaleos. p. 329. ISBN 978-618-80720-7-7.
- ^ Price, Robert M. (2011). Conclusion: Do You “No” Jesus?. In The Christ-Myth Theory and Its Problems. American Atheist Press. p. 425. ISBN 978-1-57884-017-5
- ^ Rieser, Max. (1979). The True Founder of Christianity and the Hellenistic Philosophy. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
- ^ Spearman, Gretta. (1996). There Was No Jesus: The Teacher of the New Testament was Apollonius of Tyana: Also the Truth about Ancient History and Jewish History: Extracted from the Book Antiquity Unveiled by Jonathan M. Roberts. Health Research Books.
- ^ a b Hawton, Hector. (1971). Controversy: The Humanist/Christian Encounter. Pemberton Books. p. 173. ISBN 978-0301710211
- ^ O'Neill, J. C. (1991). Bible's Authority: A Portrait Gallery of Thinkers from Lessing to Bultmann. Clark. p. 164
- ^ Casey, Maurice. (2014). Jesus: Evidence and Argument or Mythicist Myths? Bloomsbury. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-0-56759-224-8
- ^ Anonymous. (1890). Aryan Sun-Myths the Origin of Religions. The Open Court 4: 2555.
- ^ Graubard, Mark. (1953). Reviewed Work: Man and His Gods by Homer W. Smith. Isis 44 (1/2): 88–89.
- ^ Jongeneel, Jan A. B. (2009). Jesus Christ in World History: His Presence and Representation in Cyclical and Linear Settings. Peter Lang. p. 210. ISBN 978-3-631-59688-3
- ^ Thompson, Thomas L; Verenna, Thomas S. (2014). Is This Not the Carpenter?: The Question of the Historicity of the Figure of Jesus. Routledge. ISBN 978-1844657292
- ^ Till, Farrell. (1995). The Historicity of Jesus. Skeptical Review: Issue 4.
- ^ Case, Shirley Jackson. (1912). The Historicity of Jesus: A Criticism of the Contention that Jesus Never Lived, a Statement of the Evidence for His Existence, an Estimate of His Relation to Christianity. University of Chicago Press. p. 39
- ^ Walker, Barbara G. (1983). Jesus Christ. In The Woman's Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets. Harper & Row. 464–465. ISBN 0-06-250926-8
- ^ Casey, Maurice. (2014). Jesus: Evidence and Argument or Mythicist Myths? Bloomsbury. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-56759-224-8
- ^ Wheless, Joseph. (1930). Forgery in Christianity. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
- ^ Zindler, Frank; Price, Robert M. (2013). Bart Ehrman and the Quest of the Historical Jesus of Nazareth: An Evaluation of Ehrman’s Did Jesus Exist? American Atheist Press. ISBN 978-1578840199