Lichenomphalia umbellifera, also known as the lichen agaric or the green-pea mushroom lichen,[2][3] is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. L. umbellifera forms a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae in the genus Coccomyxa.[2][4] It is regarded as nonpoisonous.[5]
| Lichenomphalia umbellifera | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hygrophoraceae |
| Genus: | Lichenomphalia |
| Species: | L. umbellifera
|
| Binomial name | |
| Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (2002)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
The mushroom is white to yellowish-tan and hygrophanous, and occurs throughout most of the year on damp soil and rotting wood. It can be found in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the region of the Arctic.[6] In the Pacific Northwest, it is common and can be found northward from Santa Cruz.[2] Its cap grows up to 3 cm wide. Its stalk is 1–3 cm tall and 1–3 mm wide. The spores are white or yellowish.[7]
Taxonomy
editThe species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Agaricus umbelliferus.[8] It was transferred to Lichenomphalia in 2002.[9]
L. umbellifera has a wide geographic range and displays a considerable amount of phenotypic plasticity, but phylogenetic research has confirmed that these populations represent a single species. Two related taxa have been described in the genus Lichenomphalia, but are yet unnamed.[4]
Similar species
editLichenomphalia umbellifera | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is flat or depressed |
 | Hymenium is decurrent |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white to yellow |
 | Edibility is inedible or unknown |
Similar species include Chromosera cyanophylla, Chrysomphalina aurantiaca, Chrysomphalina chrysophylla, Contumyces rosellus, and Rickenella fibula.[7]
References
edit- ^ "Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys, Mycotaxon 83: 38 (2002)". CAB International. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
- ^ a b c Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (2016). Mushrooms of the redwood coast : a comprehensive guide to the fungi of coastal northern California (First ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-1-60774-817-5. OCLC 914339418.
- ^ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
- ^ a b Geml, József; Kauff, Frank; Brochmann, Christian; Lutzoni, François; Laursen, Gary A.; Redhead, Scott A.; Taylor, D. Lee (March 2012). "Frequent circumarctic and rare transequatorial dispersals in the lichenised agaric genus Lichenomphalia (Hygrophoraceae, Basidiomycota)". Fungal Biology. 116 (3): 388–400. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.12.009. PMID 22385621.
- ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
- ^ Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
- ^ a b Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
- ^ Linnaeus C. (1753). Species Plantarum (in Latin). Stockholm: Salvius. p. 1175.
- ^ Redhead SA, Lutzoni F, Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R (2002). "Phylogeny of agarics: Partial systematics solutions for core omphalinoid genera in the Agaricales (euagarics)". Mycotaxon. 83: 19–57.