Leucocoprinus flavescens is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.[1][2]
| Leucocoprinus flavescens | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Agaricaceae |
| Genus: | Leucocoprinus |
| Species: | L. flavescens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Leucocoprinus flavescens | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Lepiota flavescens Morgan (1907) | |
Leucocoprinus flavescens | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is campanulate or umbonate |
 | Hymenium is free |
 | Stipe has a ring |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is unknown |
Taxonomy
editIt was first described in 1907 by the American mycologist Andrew Price Morgan who classified it as Lepiota flavescens[3] and reclassified as Leucocoprinus flavescens by the American botanist and mycologist Helen Vandervort Smith in 1981.[4]
Description
editLeucocoprinus flavescens is a small mushroom with very thin white to pale yellow flesh.
Cap: 1–2.5cm or up to 4cm at the extreme. Ovoid to campanulate (bell shaped) with an umbo before flattening or becoming convex with age. The surface is pale greenish-yellow and is covered in fine powdery scales with smooth striations whilst the central disk is brownish but smooth. Stem: 2–6 cm and 1–2 mm in thickness with a slightly swollen base of 3–5 mm thick where white mycelium may be present. The stem surface is pale sulphur-yellow and is likewise covered with fine powdery scales like the cap though these may disappear with age leaving the stem smooth and it sometimes discolours reddish-brown. The fragile stem ring is pale yellow and located towards the top of the stem (superior) but it may disappear. Gills: Free, close and yellowish. Spore print: White. Spores: Ellipsoid, smooth. 4.8–6.6 (7.2) × (3.5) 4.9–5.5 μm. Taste: Bitter. Smell: Indistinct.[5][4]
Habitat and distribution
editIn a 1907 study Morgan documented Lepiota flavescens growing on the ground under Robinia and Gleditsia trees in Southern Ohio[3] whereas Smith documented the species from greenhouses in Southern California and Massachusetts.[4] It has also been documented in Illinois[5] and in 2010 it was recorded in Washington state where it was found growing in large clusters in a covered outdoors container filled with potting soil intended for a greenhouse.[6]
L. flavescens is not very well known and not often recorded. It is likely that it is often misclassified as other Leucocoprinus species which are simply more well known or more commonly suggested by identification algorithms used by the public such as iNaturalist. The limited number of observations which have been made suggest the species is uncommon but that it has a widespread distribution in the United States with observations also made in Costa Rica.[7]
Similar species
edit- Leucocoprinus birnbaumii may be the most common species which L. flavescens is confused with simply because it is so well known. However L. flavescens is noticeably paler, less yellow and has more fragile flesh.
- Leucocoprinus fragilissimus may also be confused with it however L. flavescens is less fragile than this species.
- Leucocoprinus straminellus is described similarly with some sources suggesting they may be synonymous although they appear to have different sized spores and different coloured cap centres.[8]
References
edit- ^ "Species fungorum – Leucocoprinus flavescens (Morgan) H.V. Sm., The Michigan Botanist 20(2): 50 (1981)". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
- ^ "Mycobank Database – Leucocoprinus flavescens".
- ^ a b Morgan, A. P. (1907). "North American Species of Lepiota (Concluded)". The Journal of Mycology. 13 (1): 5. doi:10.2307/3752459. ISSN 1052-0368. JSTOR 3752459 – via www.jstor.org.
- ^ a b c Smith, Helen V. (1981). "Some Species of Leucocoprinus which Grow in Greenhouses". Michigan botanist. National Agricultural Library U. S. Department of Agriculture. Ann Arbor : Michigan Botanical Club. p. 50.
- ^ a b Kuo, M. (August 2015). "Leucocoprinus flavescens (MushroomExpert.Com)". www.mushroomexpert.com. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
- ^ Birkebak, Joshua M. (2010-06-24). "The genus Leucocoprinus in western Washington". Mycotaxon. 112 (1): 83–102. doi:10.5248/112.83. ISSN 0093-4666.
- ^ "Leucocoprinus flavescens (Morgan) H.V.Sm". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
- ^ Kuo, M. (August 2015). "Leucocoprinus flavescens (MushroomExpert.Com)". www.mushroomexpert.com. Retrieved 2022-10-12.