Legislature XII of Italy

The Legislature XII of Italy (Italian: XII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) lasted from 15 April 1994 until 8 May 1996.[1][2] Its composition was the one resulting from the snap general election of 27 March 1994. The election was called by President Scalfaro, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 16 January 1994.[3] This decision was connected to some major events that permanently changed the shape of Italian internal politics during the beginning of the '90s, such as Tangentopoli and the Mafia trials.

Legislature XII of Italy

XII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
12th legislature
Type
Type
HousesChamber of Deputies
Senate of the Republic
History
Founded15 April 1994 (1994-04-15)
Disbanded8 May 1996 (1996-05-08) (2 years, 23 days)
Preceded byXI Legislature
Succeeded byXIII Legislature
Leadership
Carlo Scognamiglio, FI
since 17 April 1994
Irene Pivetti, LN
since 16 April 1994
Structure
Seats630 (C)
315 (S)
Chamber of Deputies political groups
  •   PDS (164)
  •   FI (110)
  •   AN (105)
  •   LN (71)
  •   CCD (42)
  •   FLD (28)
  •   PPI (27)
  •   PRC (24)
  •   Dem (21)
  •   Mixed (36)
Senate political groups
Elections
Mattarellum
Mattarellum
Last general election
27 March 1994
Meeting place
Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
storia.camera.it/legislature/leg-repubblica-XII
www.senato.it/leg12/home
Constitution
Constitution of Italy

This legislature marks the beginning of the so-called "Second Republic" (Italian: Seconda Repubblica), characterised by the progressive decline and dismantlement of the traditional parties, such as the Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, and the Italian Social Movement. It also marks the official entrance of Silvio Berlusconi in Italian politics.

This was the first legislature to apply the new majoritarian electoral system (also known as Mattarellum), which replaced the proportional system in effect since 1946.

Government

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Prime Minister Party Term of office Government Composition
Took office Left office
  Silvio Berlusconi
(b. 1936)
Forza Italia 10 May 1994 17 January 1995 Berlusconi I FILNANCCDUdC
(PdLPBG)
  Lamberto Dini
(b. 1931)
Independent 17 January 1995 17 May 1996 Dini Independents
(Technocratic cabinet)

Composition

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Chamber of Deputies

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Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies
Initial composition[4] Final composition[4]
Parliamentary group Seats Parliamentary group Seats Change
ProgressivesFederative 143 ProgressivesFederative 164   21
Northern League 118 Northern League 71   47
Forza Italia 112 Forza Italia 110   2
National AllianceMSI 109 National Alliance 105   4
Communist RefoundationProgressives 39 Communist RefoundationProgressives 24   15
Italian People's Party 33 Italian People's Party 27   6
Christian Democratic Centre 27 Christian Democratic Centre 42   15
Federalists and Liberal Democrats 28   28
The Democrats 21   21
Mixed 49 Mixed 36   13
Linguistic Minorities 4 Linguistic Minorities 4  
Democratic Alliance 17   17
Italian Socialist Party 14   14
Segni Pact 9   9
Unitarian Communists 14   14
Non inscrits 5[5] Non inscrits 18   13
Total seats 630 Total seats 628   2

Senate of the Republic

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Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic
Initial composition[6] Final composition[6]
Parliamentary group Seats Parliamentary group Seats Change
ProgressivesFederative 76 ProgressivesFederative 74   2
Lega Nord 60 Lega Nord 40   20
National AllianceItalian Social Movement 48 National Alliance 47   1
Forza Italia 36 Forza Italia 36  
Italian People's Party 34 Italian People's Party 22   12
Communist RefoundationProgressives 18 Communist RefoundationProgressives 14   4
ProgressivesGreensThe Network 13 ProgressivesGreensThe Network 7   6
Christian Democratic Centre 12 Christian Democratic Centre 15   3
ProgressivePSI 10 Labour – SocialistProgressive 10  
Crossed Shield 13   13
Democratic Left 10   10
Federalist Italian League 10   10
Mixed 19 Mixed 27   8
South Tyrolean People's Party 3 South Tyrolean People's Party 3  
Non inscrits 16[7] Non inscrits 24   8
Total seats 326 Total seats 325   1

Notes

References

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  1. ^ "Senato della Repubblica – 12ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  2. ^ "XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  3. ^ "Accadde oggi | 16 gennaio: Scalfaro scioglie le Camere" (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  4. ^ a b "XII Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.. The official source could have an imprecision about MP Giuseppe Lazzarini, which is included in the League (which did not run in Latium) where Lazzarini, which was a member of Forza Italia, was elected.
  5. ^ The member of the Lega d'Azione Meridionale and four former members of the Segni Pact that immediately joined Berlusconi.
  6. ^ a b "senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella XII Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  7. ^ Seven Senators for life, six members of the Democratic Alliance, the members of the Lega Alpina Lumbarda and Union Valdotaine, and Independent Claudio Magris.