This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (July 2020) |
Lattice degeneration is a disease of the human eye wherein the peripheral retina becomes atrophic in a lattice pattern. Usually, this happens slowly over time and does not cause any symptoms, and medical intervention is neither needed nor recommended.
| Lattice degeneration | |
|---|---|
 | |
| This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Symptoms | Lattice degeneration itself does not cause symptoms |
| Diagnostic method | The only way to diagnose the condition is with a dilated fundus examination by an eye care provider. A dilated fundus examination is done by administering dilating eye drops in your eyes to expand the pupil so that the retina can be carefully evaluated. Dilating drops will cause your vision to be blurry for several hours before returning to normal. |
Sometimes other retinal problems (such as tears, breaks, or holes) may be present along with lattice degeneration. However, these problems may also be distinct from or independent of lattice degeneration itself.
The cause of lattice degeneration is unknown, but pathology reveals inadequate blood flow resulting in ischemia and fibrosis.[citation needed] The condition is common in those with myopia (nearsightedness).
Prevalence and risk of retinal detachment
editLattice degeneration is associated with retinal detachment, but the chance of developing retinal detachment if lattice degeneration exists is very low.
Lattice degeneration occurs in approximately 6–8% of the general population and in approximately 30% of phakic retinal detachments.[1] Similar lesions are seen in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and Stickler syndrome, all of which are associated with an increased risk of retinal detachment. Risk of developing lattice degeneration in one eye is also increased if lattice degeneration is already present in the other eye.[1]
Lattice degeneration is often an incidental finding during a regular eye exam. The American Academy of Ophthalmology notes though retinal detachment is associated with lattice degeneration, lattice degeneration is not as strongly associated with or predictive of retinal detachment, with one study finding a low overall risk of developing retinal detachment at around 0.3–0.5%.[2]
Treatment
editThere is no treatment for lattice degeneration.
If lattice degeneration is present around the setting of other, more serious problems such as retinal tears, holes, the risk of retinal detachment may be higher, so preventative treatments may be recommended to strengthen the retina.
Barrage laser is at times done prophylactically around a hole or tear associated with lattice degeneration in an eye at risk of developing a retinal detachment. It is not known if surgical interventions such as laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy are effective in preventing retinal detachment in patients with lattice degeneration or asymptomatic retinal detachment.[1] Laser photocoagulation has been shown to reduce risks of retinal detachment in symptomatic lattice degeneration.[citation needed] There are documented cases wherein retina detached from areas which were otherwise healthy despite being treated previously with laser.[citation needed]
Prevention
editThere are no preventative techniques for lattice degeneration.
Prognosis
editIn the overwhelming majority of cases, lattice degeneration has no effect on quality of life.
References
edit- ^ a b c Wilkinson, Charles P. (2014-09-05). "Interventions for asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration for preventing retinal detachment". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (9): CD003170. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003170.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 4423540. PMID 25191970.
- ^ Byer, N. E. (August 2001). "Subclinical retinal detachment resulting from asymptomatic retinal breaks: prognosis for progression and regression". Ophthalmology. 108 (8): 1499–1503, discussion 1503–1504. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00652-2. ISSN 0161-6420. PMID 11470709.