Lääne County (Estonian: Lääne maakond or Läänemaa, literally "Western land"; German: Wiek; Latin: Rotalia) is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in western Estonia and borders the Baltic Sea to the north, Harju County to the north-east, Rapla County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, and the island counties of Saare and Hiiu to the west. In January 2009 Lääne County had a population of 23,810 – constituting 2.0% of the total population in Estonia.[1]
Lääne County
Läänemaa | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
 | |
| Country |  Estonia |
| Capital |  Haapsalu |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Innar Mäesalu |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,383 km2 (920 sq mi) |
| Population (2022[1]) | |
• Total | 20,227 |
| • Rank | 14th |
| • Density | 10.3/km2 (27/sq mi) |
| Ethnicity | |
| • Estonians | 89.3% |
| • Russians | 7.4% |
| • other | 3.3% |
| GDP | |
| • Total | €320 million (2022) |
| • Per capita | €15,658 (2022) |
| ISO 3166 code | EE-56 |
| Vehicle registration | S |
| Website | www |
County government
editThe County Government (Estonian: Maavalitsus) is led by a governor (Estonian: maavanem), who is appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Since 15 December 2011, the governorship has been held by Innar Mäesalu.[citation needed]
Maavanem 1918–1941
editMaavanem 1993–present
edit- Andres Lipstok 14 December 1993 – 12 August 1994[3]
- Hannes Danilov 1 November 1994 – 3 January 1999[3]
- Arder Väli 23 February 1999 – 20 July 1999[3]
- Jaanus Sahk 22 September 1999 – 22 September 2004[3]
- Sulev Vare 19 November 2004 – 14 September 2007[3]
- Neeme Suur 18 February 2008 – 4 April 2011[3]
- Innar Mäesalu 15 December 2011 -[4]
Municipalities
editThe county is subdivided into municipalities. There is one urban municipality, Haapsalu (Estonian: linn – town) and 2 rural municipalities (Estonian: vallad – parishes) in Lääne County.
| Rank | Municipality | Type | Population (2018)[5] |
Area km2[5] |
Density[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Haapsalu | Urban | 13,516 | 264 | 51.2 |
| 2 | Lääne-Nigula Parish | Rural | 7,239 | 1,451 | 5.0 |
| 3 | Vormsi Parish | Rural | 419 | 93 | 4.5 |
Religion
editReligion in Lääne County (2021) [1]
| Religion | 2000 | 2011 | 2021 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Christianity | 5,109 | 22,3 | 4,418 | 21.3 | 4,050 | 23.6 |
| —Orthodox Christians | 921 | 4.0 | 1,052 | 5.0 | 1,290 | 7.4 |
| —Lutherans | 3,580 | 15.6 | 2,773 | 13.4 | 1,960 | 11.4 |
| —Catholics | 46 | 0.2 | 32 | 0.1 | 40 | 0.2 |
| —Baptists | 358 | 1.5 | 234 | 1.1 | 450 | 2.6 |
| —Jehovah's Witnesses | 74 | 0.3 | 93 | 0.4 | 90 | 0.5 |
| —Pentecostals | 70 | 0.3 | 46 | 0.2 | 80 | 0.4 |
| —Old Believers | - | 3 | 0.01 | - | ||
| —Methodists | 73 | 0.3 | 36 | 0.1 | 20 | 0.1 |
| —Adventists | 61 | 0.2 | 46 | 0.2 | 50 | 0.3 |
| —Other Christians | - | 103 | 0.5 | 70 | 0.3 | |
| Islam | 12 | 0.05 | 8 | 0.02 | - | |
| Buddhism | - | - | 14 | 0.04 | - | |
| Other religions** | 98 | 0.4 | 210 | 1.0 | 200 | 1.1 |
| No religion | 8,632 | 37.8 | 13,126 | 64.5 | 10,920 | 63.6 |
| Not stated*** | 8,914 | 39.0 | 2,798 | 13.5 | 1,940 | 11.3 |
| Total population* | 22,840 | 20,673 | 17,170 | |||
| *The censuses of Estonia count the religious affiliations of the population older than 15 years of age.[6] ".[6] | ||||||
History
editRotalia Läänemaa | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viking Age–1224 | |||||||||
 Ancient Estonia in 1214. | |||||||||
| Capital | Lihula | ||||||||
| Common languages | Proto Estonian | ||||||||
| Religion | Estonian paganism, Thor cult | ||||||||
| Government | Council of Elders | ||||||||
| Elder | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | Viking Age | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1224 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
In the first centuries AD political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: the parish (Estonian: kihelkond) and the county (Estonian: maakond). A parish consisted of several villages. Nearly all parishes had at least one fortress. The defense of the local area was directed by the highest official, the parish elder. A county was composed of several parishes, also headed by an elder. By the 13th century the following major districts had developed in Estonia: Saaremaa (Osilia), Läänemaa (Rotalia or Maritima), Harjumaa (Harria), Rävala (Revalia), Virumaa (Vironia), Järvamaa (Jervia), Sakala (Saccala), and Ugandi (Ugaunia).[7]
Läänemaa (Latin: Rotalia, Maritima,[7] Low German: Wiek) was an independent country on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Revala, Harjumaa, Alempois, and Sakala. Läänemaa had an area of approximately 1900 hides. Early in 1220 troops from Sweden, initially led by King John I, had invaded Läänemaa. The Swedish army took the Lihula stronghold and set up a small garrison. Swedish Jarl Karl Döve and Bishop Karl Magnusson of Linköping, both from the powerful House of Bjälbo, also remained in the castle. On August 8, 1220 the united Œselian and Rotalian armies encircled the castle at dawn. It was set ablaze in the course of the fierce battle that ensued. The Swedish troops tried to make their way out, but were killed on site apart from a few who succeeded in escaping to Tallinn, held by Denmark. The Jarl, the Bishop, and almost 500 other Swedes were killed, leaving no Swedish presence in Estonia at all. The short-lived Swedish attempt to gain foothold in Estonia was motivated by the quickly advancing Danish and Low German crusaders who had been able to conquer most of the area in the early 13th century. Defeat in the Battle of Lihula discouraged the Swedish expansion to Estonia for more than 300 years, and the country was left for the Teutonic Knights, Low German Bishops and Denmark to divide. In the meantime, Sweden focused on Finland and the Swedish-Novgorodian Wars. After the Livonian Crusade Läänemaa became the main territory of the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, an independent Bishopric. Parts of the Bishop's castle are still preserved in Haapsalu.
Historic parishes (kihelkonnad)
edit- Hanila
- Cozzo (Karuse)
- Corbe (Kõrve)
- Lihula
- Ridala
- Soontagana (et:Soontagana)
- around Märjamaa
After the German conquest in 1227, Lääne County became the center of the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, an independent principality within the Livonian Confederation. Parts of Bishop's castle are still preserved in Haapsalu.
Gallery
edit-
-
Haapsalu Castle church -
Lihula church -
Haapsalu Kuursaal -
Noarootsi church -
Kasari river in Matsalu National Park -
-
-
Ungru Castle in Kiltsi -
Koluvere manor -
Marimetsa bog -
Cliff on the island of Osmussaar -
Matsalu Bay coastline on the Puise Peninsula -
Kasari river -
.JPG)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Population by sex, ethnic nationality and County, 1 January". stat.ee. Statistics Estonia. 1 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
- ^ "GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BY COUNTY". stat.ee.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Endised maavanemad - Lääne Maavalitsus". Archived from the original on 2014-01-12. Retrieved 2013-04-17.
- ^ "Maavanem - Lääne Maavalitsus". Archived from the original on 2014-01-12. Retrieved 2013-04-17.
- ^ a b c "Elanike demograafiline jaotus maakonniti". Kohaliku omavalitsuse portaal. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ a b c Official census data from Statistics Estonia:
- 2000 Census:
- 2011 Census:
- 2021 Census:
- ^ a b Raun, Toivo (2001). Estonia and the Estonians. Hoover Press. p. 11. ISBN 0-8179-2852-9.
External links
edit
- Läänemaa Portal (in Estonian)
- Lääne County Government Official website (in Estonian)