Kurdish coffee (Kurdish: (قاوەی کوردی) Qehweya Kurdî or Qehweya Kezwanan[1]) or menengiç coffee (Turkish: menengiç kahvesi), meaning pistachio coffee or terebinth coffee, is a traditional hot beverage in Kurdish[2][3][4][5] and Turkish cuisine.[6][7][8][9] It is made of ground roasted terebinth fruits (related to the pistachio) as the main ingredient, and is caffeine-free.[2][8] It is particularly popular in parts of Southeastern Anatolia.[10]
History
The beverage has been produced in historically Kurdish areas including Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Mardin, Batman and Gaziantep for over a hundred years, with the latter of whom it is considered a traditional specialty.[11] also having obtained the geographical indication certificate for "Gaziantep Menengic Coffee".[12] It is considered a traditional specialty of Gaziantep.[11]
The roasted and ground berries have been exported to Europe and around the world since the early 20th century.[4] Altough it contains neither coffee beans nor caffeine, it is known as coffee because seeds of Menengic are roasted and cooked like Turkish coffee.[13]
In recent years, the processed berries in the form of an oily paste have appeared as a branded product in cans or jars.[8][additional citation(s) needed]
References
- ^ "Li zozanan kezwan şewazê dawî digire". Jinha (in Kurdish). Retrieved 2019-09-23.
- ^ a b Lukach, Adam (August 31, 2019). "Craving: Middle Eastern food, from savory kebabs to aromatic spices, perfectly puffed pitas and more". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
- ^ "Celebrating Kansas City And All Its Traditions (From Here and Abroad)". 21 December 2018. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
- ^ a b "Qehweya Kizwanê, berhemek resen a Kurdî ye" [Kizwan Coffee is a genuine Kurdish product]. Kurdistan24 (in Kurdish). August 25, 2015. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
- ^ Sherwani, Halgurd (26 December 2023). "University lecturer calls for renaming terebinth coffee 'Kurdish coffee'". ERBIL: Kurdistan24. Kurdistan24. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ "MENENGİÇ KAHVESİNİN TESCİLİ İLE GAZİANTEP TÜRKİYE'DE İLK SIRAYA YERLEŞTİ". Gaziantep Büyükşehir Belediyesi. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
- ^ "Turpentine Coffee Recipe (Menengiç Kahvesi)". turkishfoods.net. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
- ^ a b c Helou, Anissa (December 31, 2009). "menengiç: a turkish coffee that is not coffee at all". anissa's blog. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
- ^ "Menengiç Kahvesi". Milliyet blog. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
- ^ Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Senol, F. Sezer; Gulpinar, A. Rifat; Sekeroglu, Nazim; Kartal, Murat; Sener, Bilge (2012). "Neuroprotective potential of some terebinth coffee brands and the unprocessed fruits of Pistacia terebinthus L. and their fatty and essential oil analyses". Food Chemistry. 130 (4): 882–888. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.119.
- ^ a b "From Menengiç to Syrup: Drink Culture in Gaziantep".
- ^ "Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu" (PDF) (in Turkish). Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ Girginol, Cenk R (2018). Kahve-Fincandan Lezzete (in Turkish). İstanbul: Oğlak Yayınları. ISBN 978-9753292757.
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