Kawanishi Baika

Baika
Baika
General information
Type	Suicide attack aircraft
National origin	Japan
Manufacturer	Kawanishi Aircraft Company
Status	Cancelled
Primary user	IJN Air Service (Intended)
Number built	0

The Kawanishi Baika (梅花, "Ume Blossom") was a pulsejet-powered kamikaze ("divine wind") aircraft under development for the Imperial Japanese Navy towards the end of World War II. The war ended before any were built.

History

Nazi Germany supplied the Japanese with a great deal of technical data, including details of the Argus As 014 pulse jet engine. It remains debatable whether that technical data included examples of the V1, let alone the piloted Fieseler Fi 103R (Reichenberg). It is noted that wartime U.S. intelligence reports stated that the Japanese knew of the V-1 by October 1943, and one report stated that Japan received one example in November 1944. The reports also suggested that the Japanese were very interested in the V-1 air-launching techniques as used by the Germans.

One U.S. Army Air Force document from 1946 shows the Baika as being a copy of the Reichenberg. The cargo manifest of the Japanese submarine I-29 lists a single V-1 fuselage as being included in a shipment of equipment. Some contemporary Japanese historians debate on what, if any, V-1 and Fi 103R data the Japanese actually received and whether the Baika may simply have been an independent design.

The only tangible outcome of the Axis cooperation, however, was the construction of prototypes of the Maru Ka10 pulse-jet engine which was to power the Baika.^[1]

Variants

Type I: Pulsejet intake located above and behind the cockpit, droppable landing gear. Intended for conventional take off on own power (possibly with the help of droppable rocket boosters).
Type II: Similar to Type I, but with pulsejet moved forwards, no landing gear. Intended for submarine launch.
Type III: Pulsejet mounted ventrally, no landing gear. Presumably, this version was intended to be air-launched by medium bombers such as the Mitsubishi G4M, Nakajima G8N or Yokosuka P1Y.

The currently accepted illustrations of the Baika come from the 1953 published book Koku Gijutsu No Zenbo in which Technical Commander Iwaya (the man who brought the Me 163 and BMW 003 info to Japan) provided drawings of all three versions of the Baika with all versions shown with tricycle landing gear in place.

Specifications (Baika, as designed)

Data from Dyer^[2]

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Length: 6.97 m (22 ft 10 in)
Wingspan: 6.58 m (21 ft 7 in)
Height: 3.99 m (13 ft 1 in)
Wing area: 7.58 m² (81.6 sq ft)
Empty weight: 750 kg (1,653 lb)
Gross weight: 1,430 kg (3,153 lb)
Fuel capacity: 600 L (132 imp gal)
Powerplant: 1 × Maru Ka10 pulse-jet engine, 3.53 kN (794 lbf) thrust

Performance

Maximum speed: 648 km/h (403 mph, 350 kn)
Cruise speed: 485 km/h (301 mph, 262 kn)
Range: 278 km (173 mi, 150 nmi)
Service ceiling: 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
Time to altitude: 3 minute 55 seconds to 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
Wing loading: 188 kg/m² (39 lb/sq ft)
Thrust/weight: 0.2

Armament

1 × 250 kg (550 lb) warhead

Notes

^ Zaloga, Steven J.; Jim Laurier (2005). V-1 Flying Bomb 1942–52: Hitler's Infamous 'Doodlebug'. Osprey Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-84176-791-8.
^ Dyer, Edwin M. III (2009). Japanese Secret Projects: Experimental aircraft of the IJA and IJN 1939–1945 (1st ed.). Hersham: Ian Allan Publishing. pp. 61–62, 106 & 147. ISBN 978-1857803-174.

References

Bibliography

Dyer, Edwin M. Japanese Secret Projects: Experimental Aircraft of the IJA and IJN 1939–1945. Midland Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-85780-317-4.

[zaloga-1] Zaloga, Steven J.; Jim Laurier (2005). V-1 Flying Bomb 1942–52: Hitler's Infamous 'Doodlebug'. Osprey Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-84176-791-8.

[Dyer-2] Dyer, Edwin M. III (2009). Japanese Secret Projects: Experimental aircraft of the IJA and IJN 1939–1945 (1st ed.). Hersham: Ian Allan Publishing. pp. 61–62, 106 & 147. ISBN 978-1857803-174.

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